Dangers of factors of the working environment of severity. Analyze the working conditions in the industry in terms of hazard and hazard indicators of the working environment, the severity and intensity of the labor process (analyze for a specific example). Region

Production (work) environment includes everything that surrounds a person in the process labor activity: technical equipment of the organization, features of technological processes and production, the state of buildings, structures, structures and utilities, sanitary and hygienic and aesthetic conditions, relationships in labor collective, the level of professional risk based on the identified hazardous and harmful production factors etc.

Dangerous and harmful production factors

Section 209 Labor Code RF contains the concepts of harmful and hazardous production factors:

Harmful production factor- This is a production factor, the impact of which on an employee can lead him to illness.
Hazardous production factor- this is a production factor, the impact of which on an employee can lead to his injury.

Depending on the quantitative characteristics, duration and conditions of action, certain harmful production factors can become dangerous.

In accordance with GOST 12.0.003-2015 "SSBT. Dangerous and harmful production factors. Classification "(hereinafter - GOST 12.0.003-2015) and Guide R 2.2.2006-05" Guidelines for the hygienic assessment of the factors of the working environment and labor process... Criteria and classification of working conditions "(hereinafter - Guide R 2.2.2006-05), hazardous and harmful factors of the industrial (working) environment are usually classified by the nature of their impact on: physical, chemical, biological and psychophysiological.

1. Dangerous and harmful physical factors

Hazardous physical factors of the working environment:

high or low air temperature in the working area;
high humidity and air velocity;
thermal radiation - thermal load of the environment (TSC-index);
non-ionizing electromagnetic fields (EMF) and radiation, electrostatic field;
constant magnetic field (including hypogeomagnetic);
electric and magnetic fields of industrial frequency (50 Hz);
broadband EMF generated by a personal computer;
radio frequency electromagnetic radiation;
broadband electromagnetic pulses;
electromagnetic radiation of the optical range (including laser and ultraviolet radiation);
ionizing radiation; industrial noise;
ultrasound and infrasound;
vibration (local, general);
aerosols (dust) of predominantly fibrogenic action;
natural lighting (absence or insufficiency);
artificial lighting (insufficient illumination, pulsation of the luminous flux, excessive brightness, high uneven distribution of brightness, direct and reflected glare);
electrically charged air particles - air ions.

Hazardous physical factors of the working environment:

moving machines and mechanisms;
lifting and transporting devices and moving loads;
moving parts of production equipment;
electricity;
increased or decreased temperature of surfaces of equipment, materials;
the location of the workplace at a height, etc.

2. Dangerous and harmful chemical factors

Chemically hazardous and harmful production factors: chemical substances, mixtures, including some substances of biological nature (antibiotics, vitamins, hormones, enzymes, protein preparations), obtained by chemical synthesis and (or) for the control of which chemical analysis methods are used, numerous vapors, gases and dust, which are By the nature of the action on the human body, they are divided into general toxic, irritating, sensitizing (causing allergic diseases), carcinogenic (causing the development of tumors), mutagenic (causing hereditary changes in the body) and affecting reproductive function (acting on the reproductive cells of the body).

3. Dangerous and harmful biological factors

Biologically hazardous and harmful production factors: microorganisms - producers, living cells and spores contained in bacterial preparations, pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, rickettsiae, spirochetes, fungi, protozoa) and their metabolic products, as well as macroorganisms (plants and animals).

4. Dangerous and harmful psychophysiological factors

Psychophysiological hazardous and harmful production factors (severity and intensity of labor): physical activity (static and dynamic) and neuropsychic overload (mental overstrain, overstrain of analyzers, monotony of work, emotional overload).

Hygienic standards of working conditions

All factors of the working environment are normalized in order to establish hygienic standards. The heyday of the concept of threshold exposure of harmful factors falls on the middle of the last century. The concept of the threshold impact of harmful factors in the working environment is aimed at observing hygienic standards for working conditions, which include:

MPC- maximum permissible concentration of chemicals;
Remote control- the maximum permissible level of physical pollution;
PDZ- maximum permissible value;
Traffic rules- the maximum permissible dose of hazardous factors.

The maximum permissible concentration (MPC) was set on the basis that there is a certain limit value of the harmful factor, below which it is absolutely safe to stay in a given area or use the product.

To establish the maximum permissible concentration, computational methods, the results of biological experiments, as well as materials of dynamic observations of the health of lindens exposed to harmful substances are used. To establish the maximum permissible concentration, computational methods, the results of biological experiments, as well as materials of dynamic observations of the state of health of persons exposed to harmful substances are used. IN recent times methods of computer modeling with the use of databases or information-predictive systems, biotesting at various objects, etc. are also widely used.

The MPC standards for pollutants are calculated based on their content in the air, soil, waters and are set for each harmful substance (or microorganism) separately. The MPC values are set based on the impact of harmful substances on humans, and these values are generally accepted for the entire territory and water area. Russian Federation.

The MPC levels of the same substance are different for different objects of the external environment:

For the atmospheric air of populated areas and closed premises, maximum permissible concentrations are established with.with. - daily average, MPC m.r. - maximum one-time;
For the air of the working area maximum permissible concentration r.z. - in the working area, maximum permissible concentration r.s. - medium shift in the working area;
For the aquatic environment MPC в1 - for water bodies of the first category of water use, MPC в2 - for water bodies of the second category of water use, MPC for fish farm - for water bodies for fishery purposes;
MPC p. - for soil;
MPC p.p. - for food.

The maximum one-time value of MPC is set to prevent reflex reactions of a person with short-term exposure to impurities. The average daily MAC value is established to prevent the general toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic effect of the substance on the human body.

Hygienic standards for working conditions (MPC, PDU)- these are the levels of harmful factors of the working environment, which, during daily (except weekends) work for eight hours, but not more than 40 hours per week, during the entire working experience should not cause diseases or deviations in the state of health detected modern methods research, in the process of work or in the remote periods of life of the present and subsequent generations. Compliance with hygienic standards does not exclude health disorders in persons with hypersensitivity.

Maximum permissible value of the hazardous fire factor (IDZ OFP) Is such a value of a hazardous fire factor, the impact of which on a person during the critical duration of a fire does not lead to injury, illness or deviation in the state of health for a normatively established period of time, but the impact on material values does not lead to the loss of their target functions or consumer qualities. The critical duration of a fire is understood as the time during which the maximum permissible value of the hazardous fire factor is reached.

Maximum permissible doses (PDD) of ionizing radiation Is a hygienic standard that regulates the highest permissible value of an individual equivalent dose in the entire human body or in individual organs, which does not cause adverse changes in the health status of persons working with sources of ionizing radiation.

This standard is established by law. In the Russian Federation, the main regulatory legal acts in the field of radiation safety are Federal Law of 09.01.1996 N 3-FZ "On radiation safety of the population" (hereinafter the Law on radiation safety of the population), San Pi N 2.6.1. 2523-09 "Radiation Safety Standards (NRB-99/2009)" and SP 2.6.1. 2612-10 "Basic sanitary regulations ensuring radiation safety (OSPORB-99/2010) ".

The action of ionizing radiation is a complex process and, when exposed to the human body, can cause two types of effects that are related to diseases in clinical medicine:

Deterministic(causally determined) threshold effects (radiation sickness, radiation burns, radiation cataracts (lens opacity), radiation infertility, abnormalities in the development of the fetus, etc.), in relation to which the existence of a threshold is assumed, below which the effect is absent, and above - the severity of the effect depends from the dose;
Stochastic(random, probabilistic) nonthreshold effects (malignant tumors, leukemias, hereditary diseases), the probability of occurrence of which is proportional to the dose and for which the severity of manifestation depends on the dose.

In radiobiological experiments at the cellular and molecular levels, the possibility of even single acts of ionization has been shown to cause a violation of some hereditary mechanisms. In addition, one cannot exclude the likelihood of disturbances in cellular structures at low radiation doses and somatic-stochastic and genetic effects caused by these disturbances.

In the absence of direct evidence of the effect of low-dose irradiation or the harmlessness of this irradiation and taking into account the need for a careful, humane approach to standardizing radiation exposure when developing radiation safety standards, a hypothesis was proposed that there is no threshold for stochastic radiation effects based on a linear relationship between the dose and the effect in the region of small doses. This hypothesis in the form of an official concept was adopted by the International Committee on Radiation Protection and the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation as a basis for assessing and predicting damage from the use of ionizing radiation and for implementing practical developments in the field of radiation protection. This hypothesis is most often referred to as the concept of a no-threshold linear dose-response relationship.

All hygiene standards are based on an 8-hour work shift... With a longer shift duration, but no more than 40 hours per week, in each specific case, the possibility of work must be agreed with the territorial department of Rospotrebnadzor, taking into account the health indicators of workers (according to periodic medical examinations, etc.), the presence of complaints about working conditions and the mandatory observance of hygienic standards.

It should be noted that the excess of hygienic standards in the process of workers' labor activity leads to an increase in accidents at work, occupational diseases, work-related diseases, loss of working capacity and professional working capacity of a significant number of workers.

The state of the working environment has a significant impact on human performance, primarily due to changes in the balance of energy costs. Unfavorable working conditions cause increased energy consumption for the basic metabolism and resistance of the human body to external influences, form a negative attitude towards work. Accordingly, the possibilities of energy consumption for performing labor actions, which leads to a decrease in performance. A decrease in the general resistance of the human body is not excluded, which leads to the development of both occupational and general diseases.

A decrease in the level of efficiency, loss of time due to illness and injury, an increase in the time spent on rest, an increase in rejects and a decrease in product quality, the appearance of excessive staff turnover due to an unsatisfactory state of working conditions, this is a far from complete list of the consequences of an unfavorable working environment leading to a decrease in efficiency activities of organizations.

We should not forget about the colossal social damage: deterioration in the health of workers (and often, as a result, of their offspring), partial or complete disability as a result of injuries and diseases, a drop in labor motivation, a decrease in the level of income and consumption of persons who prematurely lost their ability to work, and their families. That is why the problems of creating healthy and safe working conditions are of particular relevance in our country.

A rare production factor is a factor of the labor process or the environment, the impact of which, under certain conditions, on an employee can cause an occupational disease, a decrease in working capacity. Hazardous production factor - a factor that can cause acute illness, a sharp deterioration in health or death.

Hazardous and harmful production factors, according to GOST 12.0.003, are divided into categories:

Physical;
Chemical;
Biological;
Psychophysiological.

Scheme 1. Classification of harmful and dangerous factors

One and the same dangerous or harmful factor in its essence can belong simultaneously to different classes. The choice of methods and means of ensuring safety should be based on the identification of these factors inherent in a particular production equipment or technological process.

Hazardous production factors - mechanical, electrical, falling from a height, falling objects, thermal burns, chemical burns, exposure to high or low temperatures, road accidents, falling, collapse of objects and parts, exposure to hazardous substances, etc.

Physical factors:

Moving machines and mechanisms, moving parts of trade and technological equipment, moving goods, containers, collapsing stacks of stored materials;
Increased / decreased temperature of surfaces of equipment, products;
Increased dustiness of the air in the working area;
Increased / decreased air temperature in the working area;
Increased level of noise, vibration, air humidity in the workplace;
Difficulty breathing, dryness of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract;
Increased / decreased air mobility;
Increased voltage in an electrical circuit, the closure of which can pass through the human body;
Increased levels of electromagnetic radiation;
Lack or lack natural light etc.

Chemical factors- acids, caustic alkalis, disinfectants, detergents.

Psychophysiological factors- physical neuropsychic overload, overvoltage of analyzers, monotony of work.

Biological factors- impact environment, the possibility of collision with factors that poison the air, which leads to a temporary or long-term loss of performance.

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Criteria for assessing working conditions

In accordance with Federal law 426-FZ working conditions are divided into 4 classes:

1st class- optimal working conditions;

2nd grade- permissible working conditions that can cause functional deviations, but after a regulated rest, the human body returns to a normal state (the optimal and permissible classes correspond to normal working conditions);

3rd grade- harmful working conditions, characterized by the presence of harmful production factors that exceed hygienic standards. They have an adverse effect on the worker and can negatively affect his offspring. Harmful working conditions according to the degree of excess of hygienic standards and the severity of changes in the body of workers, in turn, are divided into four degrees of harm and danger (3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4).

1st degree 3rd class (3.1)- working conditions characterized by deviations of harmful factors from hygienic standards that can cause functional changes that require long-term recovery.
2nd degree 3rd class (3.2)- the levels of harmful factors that cause persistent functional changes leading to occupational diseases, the appearance of initial signs or mild forms of occupational diseases that arise after 15 or more years of work in these conditions;
3rd degree 3rd class (3.3)- working conditions characterized by such levels of harmful factors, the impact of which leads to the development, as a rule, of occupational diseases of mild and moderate severity during the period of work, the growth of chronic pathology, including temporary disability;
4th degree 3rd grade (3.4)- working conditions under which severe forms of occupational diseases can occur - a significant increase in the number chronic diseases and high incidence of temporary disability.

4th grade- hazardous (extreme) working conditions under which during a work shift, a short period of time, a threat to life is created, high risk the occurrence of severe and acute occupational injuries. Work in extreme working conditions is not allowed except for the elimination of emergencies, repair work.

Working conditions... In accordance with "426-FZ", workplaces are assessed according to three main criteria: a hygienic assessment of existing working conditions and nature of work, an assessment of the injury safety of workplaces, as well as an assessment of the provision of workers with personal (collective) protective equipment, training, etc.

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By hygiene specialists, human working conditions are classified according to the severity and intensity of the labor process and according to the indicators of the harmfulness and danger of factors in the working environment.

the severity of physical labor,- these are mainly muscular efforts and energy costs: physical dynamic load, the mass of the lifted and moved load, stereotypical working movements, static load, working postures, body tilts, movement in space.

Labor process factors that characterize labor intensity, - this is an emotional and intellectual load, a load on a person's analyzers (auditory, visual, etc.), monotony of loads, a mode of operation.

Labor according to the severity of the labor process is divided into the following classes : easy(optimal working conditions for physical activity), moderate(permissible working conditions) and heavy three degrees (harmful working conditions).

The criteria for assigning labor to a particular class are: the amount of external mechanical work performed per shift; the mass of the cargo lifted and moved manually; the number of stereotyped work movements per shift; the value of the total effort applied per shift to hold the load; the convenience of the working position; the number of forced inclinations per shift and kilometers that a person is forced to pass when performing work.

Classification of working conditions by severity and tension:

Labor according to the degree of intensity of the labor process is divided into the following classes: optimal- 1st class, permissible- 2nd grade, tense- 3rd grade - work of three degrees.

The criteria for assigning labor to a particular class are:

o degree of intellectual load, depending on the content and nature of the work performed, the degree of its complexity;

: duration of focused attention, number of signals per hour of work, number of objects of simultaneous observation; load on vision, determined mainly by the size of the minimum objects of discrimination, the duration of work behind the screens of monitors;

, depending on the degree of responsibility and the significance of the error, the degree of risk to one's own life and the safety of other people;

o monotony of labor, determined by the duration of the execution of simple or repetitive operations;

o operating mode, characterized by the length of the working day and the shift in work.

Thus, physical work classified by gravity labor, mental- on tensions.

Labor requiring physical exertion, emotional, intellectual stress, responsibility is classified both by the severity and the intensity of labor.

These types of labor include the labor of drivers, typesetters of printing houses, computer users who enter large amounts of information into memory, etc. The work of people of these professions is characterized by stereotyped working movements involving the muscles of the fingers, hands, arms, or the shoulder girdle, by the constancy of the working posture, the tension of the analyzers (above all vision), the duration of concentrated observation, etc.

Occupational hygiene Is a field of medicine that studies human labor activity and the working environment from the point of view of their influence on the body, develops measures and hygienic standards aimed at improving working conditions and preventing occupational diseases. Occupational health tasks: determination of maximum permissible levels of harmful production factors, classification of working conditions, assessment of the severity and intensity of the labor process, rational organization work and rest regime, workplace, study of psychophysiological aspects of labor activity, etc.

When assessing the quality of the environment, it is necessary to study not only the influence of various parameters, but also their interaction and develop corresponding complex indicators (for example, an indicator of heat stress).

Hygiene methods include instrumental studies of environmental factors, physiological and clinical observations, as well as methods of sanitary examination and medical statistics.

The parameters of the working environment that affect the state of human health are the following factors:

physical factors: climatic parameters (temperature, humidity, air mobility), electromagnetic fields of various wavelengths (ultraviolet, visible, infrared - thermal, laser, microwave, radio frequency, low frequency), static, electric and magnetic fields, ionizing radiation, noise, vibration, ultrasound, irritating aerosols (dust), illumination (lack of natural lighting, insufficient illumination);

chemical factors: harmful substances, including biological ones (antibiotics, vitamins, hormones, enzymes);

biological factors: pathogenic microorganisms, producer microorganisms, preparations containing living cells and spores of microorganisms, protein preparations.

According to the factors of the working environment, working conditions are divided into four classes:

o 1st grade - optimal working conditions- conditions under which not only the health of workers is preserved, but also conditions for high performance are created. Optimal standards are set only for climatic parameters (temperature, humidity, air mobility);

o 2nd class - permissible working conditions- characterized by such levels of environmental factors that do not exceed the established hygienic standards for workplaces, while possible changes functional state organism pass during rest breaks or by the beginning of the next shift and do not adversely affect the health of workers and their offspring;

o 3rd grade - harmful working conditions - characterized by the presence of factors that exceed hygienic standards and affect the body of the worker and (or) his offspring.

Harmful working conditions according to the degree of exceeding the standards are subdivided into 4 degrees of harm:

The harmful working conditions include the conditions in which metallurgists, miners work in conditions of increased air pollution, noise, vibration, unsatisfactory microclimate parameters, thermal radiation; traffic controllers on highways with heavy traffic, who are during the entire shift in conditions of high gas pollution and increased noise.

o 4th grade - hazardous (extreme) working conditions- are characterized by such levels of harmful production factors, the impact of which during the work shift and even part of it poses a threat to life, a high risk of severe forms of acute occupational diseases.

Dangerous (extreme) working conditions include the work of firefighters, mine rescuers, liquidators of an accident at Chernobyl nuclear power plant... Hard and strenuous work has an adverse effect on human health. So far, a person cannot refuse such activities, but as technical progress develops, it is necessary to strive to reduce the severity and intensity of labor by mechanizing and automating heavy physical work, transferring control, management, decision-making and performing stereotypical technological operations and movements to automatic machines and electronic computers. Human labor activity must be carried out in acceptable working environment conditions. However, when doing some technological processes at present, it is technically impossible or economically extremely difficult to ensure that the norms for a number of factors of the working environment are not exceeded. Work in hazardous conditions should be carried out with the use of personal protective equipment and with a reduction in the time of exposure to harmful production factors (protection by time).

Work in hazardous (extreme) working conditions (4th class) is not allowed except for the elimination of accidents, emergency work to prevent emergencies. Work should be carried out using personal protective equipment and in strict observance of the regimes regulated for such work.

STATE SANITARY-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL
REGULATIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2.2. LABOR HYGIENE

Hygienic criteria for assessing working conditions by indicators
harmfulness and danger of factors of the working environment,
the severity and tension of the labor process

Hygienic Criteria for Evaluation of Labor Conditions by
Indexes of Harmfulness and Danger of Industrial
Environment and Working Process Difficulty and Intensity

Management

Date of introduction 1994-01-01

1. DEVELOPED by the Research Institute of Occupational Medicine of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and the Department of Occupational Health of the Moscow Medical Academy. THEM. Sechenov.

Leader: N.F. Izmerov.

Responsible executors: N.N. Molodkina, A.I. Korbakov.

Performers: O.G. Alekseeva, R.F. Afanasyeva, G.A. Bogdasaryan, V.V. Elizarova, L.T. Elovskaya, A.A. Kasparov, G.N. Lagutin, B.V. Matyukhin, Yu.V. Moikin, Yu.N. Paltsev, L.V. Pokhodzey, L.V. Prokopenko, G.A. Suvorov, L.A. Tarasova, V.V. Tkachev, I.P. Ulanova, A.I. Khalepo, E.F. Shardakova, G.B. Steinberg, E.G. Yampolskaya.

With the participation:

Ivanovsky Research Institute of Occupational Safety (S.V. Voronkova, E.I.Ilyina, T.I. Chastukhina), the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education (V.Ya. Golikov, E.N. A. Kaptsov, E. S. Freiman).

2. APPROVED AND PUT INTO ACTION by the First Deputy Chairman of the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia - Deputy Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation on July 12, 1994.

Valid for three years from the date of approval.

3. Introduced instead of the "Hygienic classification of labor (according to indicators of harmfulness and danger of factors of the working environment, the severity and intensity of the labor process)", approved by the Ministry of Health of the USSR on August 12, 1986 No. 4137-86.

1. Scope and general provisions

1.1. The hygiene criteria are intended for hygiene assessment existing conditions and nature of work, depending on harmful factors in the workplace in order to:

- prioritization of health improvement activities;

- creation of a data bank for existing conditions labor at the level of an enterprise, district, city, region, republic;

- determination of administrative and economic sanctions in connection with unfavorable working conditions;

- certification of workplaces.

1.2. The use of hygiene criteria for other purposes is possible in agreement with The State Committee sanitary and epidemiological surveillance of the Russian Federation.

1.3. Hygienic assessment criteria and classification of working conditions are based on the principle of differentiating working conditions according to the degree of deviation of the parameters of the working environment and the labor process from the current hygienic standards in accordance with the revealed influence of these deviations on the functional state and health of workers. Work with pathogens of infectious diseases, with substances for which inhalation or contact with the skin should be excluded (antineoplastic medicines, hormones-estrogens, narcotic analgesics) gives the right to classify working conditions as a certain hazard class for a potential hazard.

1.4. Work in conditions of exceeding hygienic standards is possible subject to the use of personal protective equipment and with a reduction in the time of exposure to harmful production factors - protection by time.

The determination of the permissible time of contact with harmful production factors for the work shift and / or the period of labor activity (limitation of the length of service) is carried out by the state sanitary and epidemiological supervision authorities upon the proposal of the administration in relation to professional groups specific enterprise. In the latter case, the working conditions can be classified as less harmful.

1.5. The validity period of this manual is set for three years from the date of its approval. The experience of applying hygienic criteria for assessing working conditions should be used in the preparation of a new edition of the document.

2. Basic concepts used in hygiene criteria

2.1. LABOR HYGIENE - a system of ensuring the health of workers in the process of labor activity, including legal, socio-economic, organizational and technical, sanitary and hygienic, treatment and prophylactic, rehabilitation and other measures.

2.2. WORKING CONDITIONS - a set of factors of the working environment and the labor process that affect the health and performance of a person in the labor process.

2.3. HARMFUL PRODUCTION FACTOR - a factor of the environment and the work process, which can cause occupational pathology, temporary or permanent decrease in working capacity, increase the frequency of somatic and infectious diseases, and lead to a violation of the health of the offspring.

Harmful production factors can be:

- physical factors: temperature, humidity and air mobility, non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation (ultraviolet, visible, infrared, laser, microwave, radio frequency, low frequency), static, electric and magnetic fields, ionizing radiation, industrial noise, vibration (local, general), ultrasound, aerosols of predominantly fibrogenic action (dust), illumination (lack of natural light, insufficient illumination, increased ultraviolet radiation);

- chemical factors, including some biological substances (antibiotics, vitamins, hormones, enzymes);

- biological factors: pathogenic microorganisms, producer microorganisms, preparations containing living cells and spores of microorganisms, protein preparations;

- factors of the labor process that characterize the severity of physical labor: physical dynamic load, mass of the lifted and moved load, stereotypical work movements, static load, working posture, body tilts, movement in space;

- factors of the labor process that characterize the intensity of labor: intellectual, sensory, emotional stress, monotony of stress, work schedule.

2.4. DANGEROUS PRODUCTION FACTOR - a factor of the environment and the work process that can cause an acute illness or a sudden sharp deterioration in health, death.

Depending on the quantitative characteristics and duration of action, certain harmful production factors can become dangerous.

2.5. HYGIENIC STANDARDS OF WORKING CONDITIONS - the levels of harmful production factors that, during daily (except weekends) work, but not more than 40 hours a week during the entire working experience, should not cause diseases or deviations in health, detected by modern research methods in the process of work or in the remote periods of life of the present and subsequent generations.

Compliance with hygienic standards of working conditions does not exclude health problems in hypersensitive individuals.

2.6. SAFE WORKING CONDITIONS - working conditions under which exposure to harmful and hazardous production factors is excluded or their levels do not exceed hygienic standards.

3. Classes of working conditions according to the degree of hazard and danger

Based on hygienic criteria and principles of classification of working conditions, the latter are divided into four classes.

1 class - OPTIMAL conditions work - such conditions under which not only the health of workers is preserved, but also the prerequisites for maintaining high level performance.

Optimal standards of production factors are established for microclimatic parameters and factors of the labor process. For other factors, the working conditions are conventionally considered optimal when the unfavorable factors do not exceed the levels accepted as safe for the population.

Class 2 - PERMISSIBLE working conditions are characterized by such levels of environmental factors and the labor process that do not exceed the established hygienic standards for workplaces, and possible changes in the functional state of the body are restored during regulated rest or by the beginning of the next shift and should not have an adverse effect in the near and the long-term period on the health of workers and their offspring.

The optimal and acceptable classes correspond to safe conditions labor.

Grade 3 - HARMFUL conditions labor, are characterized by the presence of harmful production factors that exceed hygienic standards and have an adverse effect on the body of the worker and / or his offspring.

Harmful working conditions according to the degree of excess of hygienic standards and the severity of changes in the body of workers are divided into 4 degrees of harm.

1 degree of the 3rd class (3.1) - working conditions characterized by such deviations from hygienic standards, which, as a rule, cause reversible functional changes and determine the risk of developing the disease.

Grade 2, grade 3 (3.2) - working conditions with such levels of production factors that can cause persistent functional disorders, leading in most cases to an increase in morbidity with temporary disability, an increase in the incidence of general morbidity, and the appearance of initial signs of occupational pathology.

3rd degree 3rd class (3.3) - working conditions characterized by such levels of harmful factors that lead to the development, as a rule, of occupational pathology in mild forms during the period of labor activity, the growth of chronic general somatic pathology, including increased levels of morbidity with temporary disability ...

Grade 4, grade 3 (3.4) - working conditions under which severe forms of occupational diseases can occur, there is a significant increase in chronic pathology and high levels of morbidity with temporary disability.

Class 4 - DANGEROUS (EXTREME) working conditions, characterized by such levels of production factors, the impact of which during the work shift (or part of it) poses a threat to life, a high risk of severe forms of acute occupational injuries.

Table 1

Classes of working conditions depending on the content of harmful substances in the air of the working area (exceeding the maximum permissible concentration, times)


Harmful substances*	Working conditions class
	Allowed my	Harmful - 3				Dangerous (extreme
		1 degree	2 degrees	3 degrees	4 degrees

____________ * - In accordance with the list "Maximum permissible concentrations of harmful substances in the air of the working area" and additions to it, GOST 12.1.005 "General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area", "List of substances, products, production processes and household factors that are carcinogenic to humans ".
Harmful substances other than those listed below
Substances with acute a different mechanism of action.						>10*
______________ * - Exceeding the specified level for substances with a highly directed mechanism of action can lead to acute fatal poisoning.
Allergens
Carcinogens
Aerosols of predominantly fibrogenic action
Antineoplastic drugs, hormones (estrogens) *
__________________ * - Substances, when working with which contact with the respiratory system and skin must be excluded when mandatory control air of the working area by approved methods (in accordance with the list "Maximum permissible concentrations of harmful substances in the air of the working area" and additions to it).
__________________
Narcotic analgesics *
__________________ * - Substances, when working with which contact with the respiratory system and skin must be excluded, with the obligatory control of the working area by approved methods (in accordance with the list "Maximum permissible concentrations of harmful substances in the air of the working area" and additions to it).
__________________ ** - Working with the specified substances during their production, as well as in oncological dispensaries and departments gives the right to classify working conditions in this class.
Metals, metal oxides

table 2

Classes of working conditions when working with a biological factor


Name		CLASS OF WORKING CONDITIONS
		Tolerance timid	Harmful - 3				Dangerous (extreme small)
			1 degree 3.1	2 degrees 3.2	3 degrees 3.3	4 degrees 3.4
Pathogenic micro organisms	Especially dangerous infections
	causative agents of other infectious diseases
_______________________ * - Work in specialized medical, veterinary institutions and divisions, specialized farms for sick animals gives the right to classify working conditions as a specified class.
Microorganisms-producers, preparations containing living cells and spores of microorganisms; (excess of MPC, times)
Protein preparations (exceeding the maximum permissible concentration, times)

Table 3

Classes of working conditions depending on the level of noise and vibration of workplaces


Factor	CLASS OF WORKING CONDITIONS
	Tolerance timid	Harmful - 3				Dangerous (extreme small)
		1 degree 3.1	2 degrees 3.2	3 degrees 3.3	4 degrees 3.4
Exceeding the remote control up to:
Noise (equivalent sound level, dBA)
_______________________ * - In accordance with the "Sanitary Standards of Permissible Noise Levels at Workplaces".
Local vibration (equivalent corrected level of vibration velocity, dB)
_______________________ * - In accordance with "Sanitary norms and rules when working with machines and equipment that create local vibration transmitted to the hands of workers."
Vibration total (equivalent corrected level of vibration velocity, dB)
_______________________ * - In accordance with the "Sanitary Standards for Vibration of Workplaces".
Infrasound (general sound pressure level, dB Lin)
_______________________ * - In accordance with the "Hygienic norms of infrasound at workplaces".

_______________________ * - In accordance with GOST 12.1.001 SSBT "Ultrasound. General requirements security ".
Contact ultrasound (vibration velocity, m / s; logarithmic level of vibration velocity, dB; intensity, W / cm)
_______________________ * - The combination of local vibration with a cooling microclimate and / or static stress increases the class of working conditions per unit.

Table 4

Classes of working conditions under the influence of electromagnetic radiation (exceeding the MPU, times)


FACTOR	CLASS OF WORKING CONDITIONS
	Tolerance timid	Harmful - 3				Dangerous (extreme small)
		1 degree 3.1	2 degrees 3.2	3 degrees 3.3	4 degrees 3.4
Constant magnetic field
Electrostatic field
Electric fields of industrial frequency (50 Hz)	Remote control (for the whole working day)
Power frequency magnetic fields (50 Hz)	Remote control (for the whole working day)
Electromagnetic radiation of radio frequency range:
0.01-3 MHz


300 MHz - 300 GHz
Laser radiation	Remote control (for chronic who is affected the problem)	> Remote control Remote control (for single exposure)
In accordance with the "Maximum permissible levels of exposure to permanent magnetic fields when working with magnetic devices and materials."
In accordance with GOST 12.1.045 SSBT "Electrostatic fields. Permissible levels at workplaces and requirements for control".
In accordance with the "Sanitary norms and rules for performing work in conditions of exposure to electric fields of industrial frequency (50 Hz)".
In accordance with the "Maximum permissible levels of magnetic fields with a frequency of 50 Hz".
In accordance with GOST 12.1.006 SSBT "Electromagnetic fields of radio frequencies. Permissible levels at workplaces and requirements for monitoring", "Remote control for exposure to electromagnetic fields in the frequency range of 10-60 kHz".
For a remote control with an exposure time equal to or less than 0.2 hours.
In accordance with the "Sanitary Norms and Rules for the Construction and Operation of Lasers".

Note: For persons working in shielded (with a decrease in the natural electromagnetic field of the Earth) and especially clean rooms, the class of working conditions is set in accordance with the levels of all available environmental factors and the labor process, increasing the degree of hazard by one step.

Table 5.1

Classes of working conditions in terms of microclimate indicators for industrial premises and open areas in the warm season


Index	CLASS OF WORKING CONDITIONS
	Optimal ny	Tolerance timid	Harmful - 3				Dangerous (extreme small)
			1 degree 3.1	2 degrees 3.2	3 degrees 3.3	4 degrees 3.4
Air temperature, ° С			For the WBGT index, see table. 5.1.1.
_______________________ * - "Sanitary norms of the microclimate of industrial premises".
Air speed, m / s
Air humidity, %
Thermal radiation, W / m

Table 5.1.1

Classes of working conditions according to the WBGT index for industrial premises and open areas during the warm season (° С)


		CLASS OF WORKING CONDITIONS
Category line of work *	General energy spending,	Opt- mal- ny	Tolerance timid	Harmful - 3				Dangerous (extreme small)
				1 degree 3.1	2 degrees 3.2	3 degrees 3.3	4 degrees 3.4	[email protected] If the payment procedure on the website of the payment system has not been completed, the money funds from your account will NOT be debited and we will not receive confirmation of payment. In this case, you can repeat the purchase of the document using the button on the right. An error has occurred The payment was not completed due to a technical error, cash from your account were not written off. Try to wait a few minutes and repeat the payment again.