This instruction on labor protection has been developed specifically for the administrative and managerial staff, specialists, engineering and technical personnel, engineering and technical workers and junior service personnel.

1. GENERAL LABOR PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS

1.1. This instruction has been developed for the administrative and managerial staff, specialists, engineering and technical personnel, engineering and technical workers and junior service personnel (hereinafter referred to as the employee of the enterprise).
1.2. An employee of the enterprise is allowed to independent work after passing:
- introductory briefing on labor protection;
- primary briefing at the workplace, conducted by the head of a structural unit, service or site, a work supervisor or a foreman;
- training in safe working methods within 1-2 days (or shifts);
- teaching elementary rules of electrical safety, checking knowledge of electrical safety.
1.3. Check of knowledge of this manual for employees of the enterprise is carried out once a year.
1.4. An employee of an enterprise is obliged to fulfill his job duties, work on the instructions of your manager, observe labor discipline, timely and accurately fulfill the orders of the management, labor protection and safety requirements, take good care of the property of the enterprise.
1.5. An employee of an enterprise operating electrical equipment while performing job responsibilities should:
- know the basic safety precautions, observe organizational and technical measures when performing work (knowledge of this manual; use of personal respiratory protection equipment (RPE); serviceability of the power supply line - kinks, bare areas, crumple points; use of tools with insulated handles , checking the connection of grounding and neutralization);
- to have an elementary acquaintance with the operated electrical installation (operating instructions, the place of connection of the electrical installation in the switchgear, and so on);
- have a clear idea of ​​the danger of electric current and the danger of approaching live parts (dangerous voltage, dangerous current);
- have practical skills in providing first aid to victims of electric shock.
1.6. Any industrial accident should be reported immediately by the victim or bystander to the appropriate supervisor. The leader must organize first aid to the victim, his delivery to medical institution, inform the health and safety engineer and keep, for investigation, the workplace environment and the condition of the equipment as they were at the time of the accident, if this does not threaten the health and life of the surrounding workers and does not lead to an accident.
1.7. For violation of the requirements of this instruction relating to the work performed by him, the employee is liable in accordance with the current labor and administrative legislation.
1.8. The employee is obliged to know and follow the internal labor regulations of the institution, labor protection instructions, fire safety rules
1.9. Smoking at workplaces is prohibited, and is allowed only in specially marked and equipped smoking areas.
1.10. The employee must comply with fire safety rules, cluttering and littering of premises, walkways, driveways is not allowed.

2. LABOR PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS BEFORE STARTING WORK

2.1. Before starting work with electrical equipment, an employee must:
- inspect electrical equipment;
- check the completeness and reliability of the fastening of the parts;
- check by external inspection the serviceability of the cable (cord);
- check the clarity of the switch;
- use only standard devices.
2.2. If defects are found in electrical equipment, the employee is obliged to report this to his manager and not to operate the faulty electrical equipment.
2.3. Turn on the electrical equipment by inserting a serviceable plug into a serviceable socket for household appliances.
2.4. The employee, while working with electrical equipment, is obliged to maintain order at the workplace.
2.5. When working with electrical equipment, it is prohibited:
- leave the switched on electrical equipment unattended (if it is not provided by the instruction manual);
- transfer electrical equipment to persons who are not entitled to work with it;
- hitting electrical equipment;
- remove protective equipment;
- pull the lead wire to disconnect;
- keep your finger on the switch when carrying electrical equipment;
- pull, twist and bend the supply cable;
- put foreign objects on the cable (cord);
- allow the cable (cord) to touch hot or warm objects.
2.6. The employee is obliged to perform only the work with the electrical equipment for which the electrical equipment is intended.
2.7. If, during work, a malfunction of the electrical equipment is found or the person working with it feels at least a weak effect of the current, work must be stopped immediately and the faulty electrical equipment must be handed over for inspection or repair.
2.8. Disconnection of electrical equipment must be done:
- during a break in work;
- at the end of the workflow.
2.9. The employee must turn off the electrical equipment by removing the serviceable plug from the serviceable socket.
2.10. The worker must ensure that switching on the equipment does not endanger anyone.

3. REQUIREMENTS FOR LABOR PROTECTION DURING WORK

3.1. Perform only the work that has been assigned to him and in which he has been instructed, while avoiding haste, taking into account safe techniques and working methods.
3.2. It must be kept in order and cleanliness throughout the working day workplace.
3.3. Keep all ventilation devices in the room open.
3.4. During operation it is FORBIDDEN:
- to allow the workplace to be littered with paper in order to prevent the accumulation of organic dust;
- include strongly cooled (brought from the street in winter) electrical equipment;
- to independently open and repair electrical equipment;
- clutter the escape routes with furniture, equipment and other items.
3.5. Perform only the work for which you have been trained, instructed in labor protection and to which the employee responsible for the safe performance of work is admitted.
3.6. Do not allow untrained and unauthorized persons to work.
3.7. Use serviceable equipment, tools, devices necessary for safe work; use them only for the work for which they are intended.
3.8. Observe the rules of movement in the premises and on the territory of the organization, use only the established passages.
3.9. Do not use random objects (boxes, barrels, etc.), equipment for sitting.

4. REQUIREMENTS FOR LABOR PROTECTION IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

4.1. In the event of a breakdown of equipment, a threatening accident at the workplace or in the workshop: stop its operation, as well as the supply of electricity, gas, water, raw materials, product, etc to it; turn off pressure equipment when the safety valve is triggered, water soars and leaks; report on the measures taken to the immediate supervisor (the person responsible for the safe operation of the equipment) and act in accordance with the instructions received.
4.2. In an emergency, notify the people around about the danger, report to the immediate supervisor about the incident and act in accordance with the emergency response plan.
4.3. In the event of a fire, it is necessary to call the fire brigade by phone 101 and urgently take measures to extinguish and evacuate people. Report the incident to the manager.
4.4. In case of electric shock, it is necessary to immediately turn off the electrical equipment, release the victim from the action of the electric current, provide first aid, report the incident to the immediate supervisor.
4.5. In case of an accident, release the victim from the action of the traumatic factor, provide him with first aid, if necessary, call an ambulance by phone 103. Inform the manager about the incident. If possible, preserve the environment if it does not lead to an accident or injury to others.

5. LABOR PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS AT THE END OF WORK

5.1. Tidy up the workplace, remove tools, wire scraps and other debris.
5.2. Inform your immediate supervisor about all comments, malfunctions of equipment and equipment identified in the course of work.
5.3. Remove overalls, inspect, tidy up and put in a locker.
5.4. Report all shortcomings and malfunctions found during work to the manager.

This labor protection instruction has been developed specifically for employees serving elevators.

1. GENERAL LABOR PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS

1.1. The servicing of bucket elevators is allowed for employees over 18 years of age who have no contraindications for health reasons, who have undergone instructions on labor protection, internship at the workplace, training in safe working practices and testing of knowledge on labor protection.
1.2. Training of workers in labor protection is carried out in the form of: introductory briefing, initial briefing at the workplace, re-briefing, unscheduled briefing, targeted briefing and special training in the scope of the training program for the profession, including labor protection issues and requirements technical conditions equipment manufacturer for its safe operation.
1.3. The employees serving the bucket elevators should know:
- device, principle of operation, operating modes, elevator control rules and the procedure for its maintenance;
- action on a person of hazardous and harmful production factors that may arise during work, and protective measures against their impact;
- requirements for labor protection, electrical safety, industrial sanitation, fire and industrial safety during the operation of the bucket elevator;
- fire warning signals, locations of fire-fighting equipment and primary fire-extinguishing means;
- a storage place for a first aid kit for first aid.
1.4. The employees serving the bucket elevators must:
- use in the process of work equipment and mechanisms for their intended purpose, in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturers;
- comply with the Internal Labor Regulations and the established regime of work and rest;
- keep the bucket elevator, equipment, tools, fixtures, inventory and personal protective equipment in good condition and clean;
- apply safe work practices;
- be able to use primary fire extinguishing means;
- comply with the requirements of prohibiting, warning, indicative and prescriptive safety signs and inscriptions, as well as signals given by drivers of vehicles and drivers of other lifting machines and mechanisms;
- be able to provide first aid to victims.
1.5. The employees serving the bucket elevators are prohibited from:
- work near rotating parts of the equipment that are not protected by protective nets or covers;
- remove protective nets and covers until the rotating parts of the equipment come to a complete stop;
- step on electrical wires and cables;
- make independently adjustment and repair of out-of-order equipment;
- touch the fittings general lighting, to broken electrical wires, clamps (terminals) and other easily accessible current-carrying parts of the equipment;
- admit to the territory of the production site, to the production and household premises unauthorized persons, as well as drunken workers;
- be at work in a state of alcoholic, drug or other toxic intoxication.
1.6. The employees serving the bucket elevators are obliged to observe the work and rest regime in accordance with the Internal Labor Regulations.
1.7. During work, the workers serving the bucket elevators may be exposed to the following main hazardous and harmful production factors:
- moving elements of vehicles, equipment and cargoes, materials transported by them;
- rotating elements of drive, tension, loading, unloading units, etc .;
- electric shock;
- increased dust and gas content in the air of the working area and production premises;
- insufficient illumination.
1.8. Employees serving bucket elevators must be provided with personal protective equipment in accordance with model norms.
1.9. Employees serving the bucket elevators must comply with the following fire safety requirements:
- smoke only in designated places;
- do not approach flammable materials, containers with flammable liquids and freshly painted equipment with an open flame;
- store lubricants in oil cans, cleaning materials - in metal boxes or buckets with lids in specially designated places. Clean and used (oiled, contaminated) cleaning material should be kept separate;
- do not obstruct the workplace, walkways and access to fire-fighting equipment and primary funds fire extinguishing;
- do not use electric stoves, electric kettles and other electric heating devices that do not have thermal protection devices, without stands made of non-combustible heat-insulating materials, excluding the danger of a fire, and non-standard (home-made) electric heating devices;
- in order to avoid electric shock and electric shock, workers should not touch open electrical wiring and cables;
- the workplace must be provided with an insulating mat and dielectric gloves;
- do not allow unauthorized persons to enter the workplace.
1.10. Before eating, you should wash your hands with warm water and soap or cleansing pastes that are approved for use in the prescribed manner. It is allowed to eat in a specially designated room. Eating and storage food products in the workplace are prohibited.
1.11. The workers serving the bucket elevators must know the device, the principle of operation and the operating rules of the bucket elevators they serve, the automatic blocking schemes for equipment, the procedure for stopping and starting the bucket elevator, the meaning of sound and light alarms used in this production.
1.12. The workers' workplace should keep the necessary stock of materials, spare parts and tools for minor repairs, lubricants and cleaning materials placed in closed metal boxes, as well as equipment for cleaning the workplace.
1.13. In case of injury, illness or deterioration in health, the employee must stop work, notify his immediate supervisor (foreman) about the accident (illness, deterioration in health) and seek help from the nearest medical institution.
1.14. In case of injury by another employee, it is necessary to stop work, take measures to provide first aid to the injured person and immediately notify the master or superior manager of the accident.

2. LABOR PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS BEFORE STARTING WORK

2.1. Before starting work, the employees serving the bucket elevators must put on proper overalls and safety footwear, fasten and refuel so that there are no hanging ends.
2.2. Before starting the elevator, check:
- the condition of the conveyor;
- serviceability of sound and light alarms;
- serviceability of signaling sensors, interlocks;
- availability and efficiency of fire protection of the bucket elevator (for fire hazardous working conditions);
- reliability of the bucket elevator emergency stop devices;
- the correct tension of the chains;
- the presence and serviceability of the rollers;
- availability of protective grounding of electrical equipment, armor of elevator cables;
- availability and reliability of guards for drive, tension and end drums.
2.3. Before starting the bucket elevator, make sure that no work is being done on the track. It is not allowed to start up the bucket elevators if the passages are cluttered and cluttered.
2.4. The employees servicing the bucket elevators must take measures to eliminate the detected deficiencies, and if it is impossible to do this, inform the shift master and not turn on the bucket elevators until all malfunctions are eliminated.
2.5. In the event of a shift transfer without stopping the equipment, the employees serving the bucket elevators must inform the shift receiving about all the faults in the operation of the serviced bucket elevators, make an entry in the shift acceptance log.

3. REQUIREMENTS FOR LABOR PROTECTION DURING WORK

3.1. The employees serving the bucket elevators are required to work in the established overalls and footwear, as well as to use other personal protective equipment: respirator, ear muffs, protective helmet.
3.2. The employees serving the bucket elevators are obliged to:
- be attentive and comply with the requirements of the established sound and light signals;
- move along the established passages and walkways;
- monitor the serviceability of the guards of the drive gears and roller bearings;
- monitor the good condition of the transfer points, tension drums, feeder gearboxes, automatic devices, for the correct unloading of materials into receiving units;
- keep the elevator service area and workplace clean, without cluttering them with foreign objects.
3.3. Before starting the equipment, the dispatcher gives warning light and sound signals.
3.4. Before starting to load the equipment, it is necessary to check the operation of the elevator at idle speed.
3.5. It is allowed to carry out work on tensioning and direction of chains only with the electric motor turned off and the fuses removed, and warning posters “Do not turn on! People work! " Disconnecting from the mains must be done with dielectric gloves, standing on an insulating mat.
3.6. During work, it is prohibited:
- rearrange or replace supporting and guide rollers;
- guide the movement of the chains, as well as manually correct the bead seal;
- leave without the permission of the shift foreman from his workplace.
3.7. To prevent emergencies, it is necessary to prevent the chains from coming off the drums, blockage of the bucket elevator, clogging of the unloading funnels and chutes, breakage and slipping of the chains.
3.8. During the operation of the bucket elevator, it is not allowed:
- elimination of skewing of chains using a metal rod, pipe, stick, etc., regulation of the position of drums and roller supports;
- storage of flammable liquids, lubricants and cleaning materials near the elevator launchers;
- use of lubricants for gearboxes of drives that are not recommended by the manufacturer;
- operation with faulty speed relays, protection relays against slipping of circuits, relays of circuit derailment, signaling devices and emergency stop devices for the bucket elevator, with the formed blockages of the transported material;
- elimination of chain slippage using a bedding between the chain and the drum of rosin, bitumen, sand, transported and other material. Elimination of chain slippage must be carried out when the bucket elevator is stopped by tensioning the chains in the manner provided for in the bucket elevator design;
- lubrication of bearings and other rubbing parts on the go;
- admission of unauthorized persons to control.
3.9. During the operation of the bucket elevator, it is necessary to systematically control:
- correct loading of chains with transported material;
- smoothness of movement and condition of the chains;
- position and operation of brushes and scrapers.
3.10. The noria must be stopped immediately:
- when the chains slip on the drive drums;
- when there is a smell of burning, smoke, flame;
- when the chain tension is weakened in excess of the permissible;
- when the chains run down onto roller supports or drums until the stationary parts of the bucket elevator and other objects touch;
- in case of malfunction of protections, interlocks, means of emergency stop of the bucket elevator;
- in the absence or malfunction of the guarding devices;
- in case of faulty bolted connections, upon detection of loose bolts;
- in case of abnormal knocking and increased noise level in the drive gearbox;
- when the transported material is clogged with the transfer unit;
- in the absence of two or more rollers on adjacent supports;
- in case of damage to the chains and their butt joints, creating the danger of an accident;
- in case of violation of the lining of the drive and pressure drums;
- when the drums are jammed.
3.11. The elevator should be stopped (when normal work) only after the cargo has completely departed from it.
3.12. After the elevator has finished working, you must:
- disconnect from the power supply;
- clean chains, drums, loading and receiving devices from adhering material;
- make an entry in the elevator inspection and repair log about the detected malfunctions and measures for their elimination.
3.13. In the event of a sudden power outage, the motor starters and elevator control levers are immediately moved to the “Stop” position.

4. REQUIREMENTS FOR LABOR PROTECTION IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

4.1. During the operation of the bucket elevators, the following main emergencies may occur:
- chains coming off the drums;
- open circuits;
- heap of bucket elevator;
- clogging of the unloading funnels and chutes;
- ignition of electrical equipment, short circuit of electrical wiring.
4.2. In the event of an emergency, it is necessary to stop the bucket elevator, hang up a sign "Do not turn on!" and inform the shift foreman about the incident.
4.3. In case of blockage and slipping of the elevator chains, it is necessary to clean the belt, drums, rollers from material in the place of the blockage.
4.4. Participation in the work on the restoration of chains, the elimination of blockages of the bucket elevator is carried out at the direction of the shift master, while measures must be taken to exclude erroneous or spontaneous activation of the bucket elevator drive.
4.5. In the event of a short circuit in the electrical wiring, its ignition, the ignition of electrical equipment, the employee must immediately turn off the power supply, inform the dispatcher and start eliminating the fire using dry powder fire extinguishers.

5. LABOR PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS AT THE END OF WORK

5.1. At the end of the shift, the employees serving the bucket elevators must:
- remove spillage from under the drive, tail drums and tensioning stations;
- tidy up the workplace, put the tool in a specially designated place.
5.2. The defects and malfunctions revealed during the inspection of the bucket elevator must be eliminated, and if this cannot be done on our own, report to the shift foreman and make an entry in the shift acceptance log.
5.3. After finishing work, you need to take a shower or wash your face and hands with warm water and soap.
5.4. Overalls, safety footwear and other personal protective equipment should be kept by elevator workers in the dressing room separately from everyday clothes.

Labor protection instruction is regulatory document establishing safety requirements when performing work in production facilities, on the territory of the enterprise, on construction

sites and in other places where employees perform their assigned work.

Instructions for workers are developed by the heads of workshops (sections with a shopless structure), departments, laboratories and other relevant divisions of the enterprise and are approved by the head of the enterprise after preliminary consultations with the relevant elected trade union body and labor protection service, and, if necessary, with other interested services. and officials at the discretion of the labor protection service.

The study of instructions for workers is provided by the head of the enterprise.

Control over the implementation of instructions for employees is assigned to the heads of enterprises and their structural divisions (services), heads of workshops (sections), as well as to foremen.

An employee who has committed a violation of labor protection instructions may be subject to disciplinary liability. If the violation of labor protection rules is associated with causing property damage to the enterprise, the employee bears and financial responsibility in the manner prescribed by law.

Obligations of the employee to comply with the rules and regulations of labor protection

The labor protection law stipulates that the employee must:

• comply with labor protection requirements;
• to use the means of individual and collective protection correctly;
• undergo training in safe methods and techniques for performing work, instructing on labor protection, internship at the workplace and testing knowledge of labor protection requirements;
• immediately notify your immediate or superior manager about any situation that threatens the life and health of people, about every accident that occurs at work, or about the deterioration of your health, including the manifestation of signs of an acute occupational disease (poisoning);
• pass mandatory preliminary (upon admission to work) and periodic (during labor activity) medical examinations(surveys).

Development and approval of labor protection instructions for employees

Labor protection instructions for an employee are developed based on his position, profession or type of work performed.

Instruction on labor protection for an employee is developed on the basis of an intersectoral or sectoral standard instruction on labor protection (and in its absence, intersectoral or sectoral labor protection rules), safety requirements set out in the operational and repair documentation of equipment manufacturers, as well as in technological documentation organization, taking into account the specific conditions of production. These requirements are stated in relation to the position, profession of the employee or the type of work performed.

The employer ensures the development and approval of labor protection instructions for employees, taking into account the written opinion of an elected trade union or other authorized by employees organ. The collective agreement, agreement may provide for the adoption of instructions on labor protection in agreement with the representative body of workers.

For new and reconstructed factories that are being put into operation, it is allowed to develop temporary instructions on labor protection for employees.

Temporary occupational health and safety instructions for workers ensure safe handling technological processes(work) and safe operation of the equipment. They are developed for the period before the acceptance of the specified production facilities in operation.

The employer organizes the inspection and revision of labor protection instructions for employees. The revision of the instructions should be carried out at least once every 5 years.

Labor protection instructions for employees may be revised ahead of schedule:

a) when revising cross-sectoral and sectoral rules and model instructions on labor protection;

b) changes in the working conditions of employees;

c) introduction new technology and technology;

d) based on the analysis of materials from the investigation of accidents, industrial accidents and occupational diseases;

e) at the request of representatives of labor bodies of the subjects Russian Federation or federal labor inspectorates.

If during the period of validity of the instruction on labor protection for the employee, his working conditions have not changed, then its validity is extended for the next period.

The operating safety instructions in the division for employees of the structural division of the organization, as well as a list of these instructions, are kept by the head of this division.

The location of labor protection instructions for employees is recommended to be determined by the head of a structural unit of the organization, taking into account the availability and ease of familiarization with them.

Labor protection instructions for workers can be handed out to them for study during the initial briefing, or posted at workplaces or areas, or stored in another place accessible to workers.

The labor protection instruction consists of the following sections:

1. General labor protection requirements.
2. Labor protection requirements before starting work.
3. Labor protection requirements during work.
4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations.
5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work.

In chapter "General requirements for labor protection" it is recommended to reflect:

- instructions on the need to comply with the internal regulations;

- requirements for the implementation of work and rest regimes;

- a list of hazardous and harmful production factors that can affect the employee in the process of work;

- a list of overalls, footwear and other personal protective equipment issued to employees in accordance with the established rules and regulations;

- the procedure for notifying the administration about cases of injury to an employee and malfunction of equipment, devices and tools;

- the rules of personal hygiene that the employee must know and follow when performing work.

To section "Labor protection requirements before starting work" it is recommended to include:

- the procedure for preparing the workplace, personal protective equipment;

- the procedure for checking the serviceability of equipment, devices and tools, fences, alarms, interlocks and other devices, protective grounding, ventilation, local lighting, etc.;

- the procedure for checking the raw materials (blanks, semi-finished products);

- the procedure for receiving and transferring a shift in the case of a continuous technological process and equipment operation.

In chapter "Labor protection requirements during work" it is recommended to provide:

- methods and techniques for the safe performance of work, the use of equipment, vehicles, lifting mechanisms, devices and tools;

- requirements for safe handling of raw materials (raw materials, blanks, semi-finished products);

- instructions for the safe maintenance of the workplace;

- actions aimed at preventing emergency situations;

- requirements for the use of personal protective equipment for workers.

In chapter "Labor protection requirements in emergency situations" it is recommended to state:

- a list of the main possible emergencies and their causes;

- actions of employees in the event of accidents and emergencies;

- actions to provide first aid to victims of injury, poisoning and other health damage.

In chapter "Labor protection requirements upon completion of work" it is recommended to reflect:

- the procedure for disconnecting, stopping, disassembling, cleaning and lubricating equipment, devices, machines, mechanisms and apparatus;

- the procedure for cleaning waste received during production activities;

- requirements for compliance with personal hygiene;

- the procedure for notifying the work manager about the shortcomings affecting labor safety discovered during work.

"U T V E R Z D A Y"

General director

________________/__________

"__" _______ 20__

INSTRUCTION LABOR PROTECTION FOR ALL EMPLOYEES

1. GENERAL LABOR PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS

1.1. Upon admission to work and during work with an employee, briefings on labor safety are carried out: introductory, primary at the workplace, repeated, unscheduled and target. After registration for work, the primary instruction at the workplace is carried out by the direct supervisor.

1.2. Unscheduled instruction is carried out by:

With the introduction of new or revised rules, instructions, as well as changes to them;

When changing the technological process, replacing or modernizing equipment, fixtures and tools, raw materials, materials and other factors affecting labor safety;

If the employee violates labor safety requirements;

At the request of the supervisory authorities;

In case of breaks in work for more than 60 calendar days.

1.3. Target instruction is carried out when performing one-time work that is not related to direct responsibilities in the specialty; liquidation of the consequences of accidents, natural disasters and catastrophes; the production of work for which a work permit, permit and other documents are issued.

1.4. On-the-job briefing ends with a knowledge test. The employee confirms the receipt of a safety briefing with his signature in the corresponding document on the passage of the briefing.

1.5. The employee, if necessary, undergoes medical examinations (preliminary and periodic), laboratory and functional tests, and makes preventive vaccinations.

1.6. The employee is obliged to comply with the internal labor regulations and shift schedules in force at the enterprise, which provide for: start and end time of work (shift), breaks for rest and meals, the procedure for granting rest days, alternation of shifts and other issues of using working time.

1.7. Dangerous and harmful production factors affecting the employee.

Physical factors:

Moving machines and mechanisms, moving parts of machines and mechanisms, movable containers, collapsing stacks of stored goods. Factor action - possible injury to the employee;

Increased dustiness of the air in the working area. Factor actions - getting into the lungs, mucous membranes, skin, dust of plant and animal origin, synthetic detergents etc. can cause allergic diseases of the organs of vision and respiration, skin, etc.;

Increased surface temperature of equipment, products. The action of the factor - contact with a hot (over 45 ° C) surface can cause burns to unprotected areas of the body;

Reduced temperature of surfaces of equipment, goods. Factor actions - can cause vascular diseases, especially fingers;

Increased air temperature in the working area. The action of the factor - contributes to the disruption of metabolic processes in the body;

Reduced air temperature in the working area. Factor action - contributes to the occurrence of various acute and chronic colds;

Increased noise level in the workplace. Factor action - helps to reduce hearing acuity, impairment functional state cardiovascular and nervous systems;

High air humidity. The action of the factor - the heat exchange of the human body with the environment is hindered;

Decreased air humidity. The action of the factor - causes an unpleasant sensation of dryness of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, makes breathing difficult;

Increased air mobility. The action of the factor - causes a loss of heat in the body and can be the cause of colds;

Reduced air mobility. The effect of the factor is an increased content of dust, toxic emissions and odors of chemicals, etc. in the air. causes increased fatigue of workers, dizziness, allergic and other diseases;

Increased voltage value in the electrical network, the short circuit of which can pass through the human body. Factor action - non-observance of electrical safety rules can cause local damage to the human body by electric current (burns, mechanical damage, etc.) or electric shock;

Increased levels of static electricity. Effect of the factor - discharges of accumulated static electricity can lead to injury to the employee due to reflex movement near unenclosed moving parts of equipment, illness nervous system and others, cause the ignition of flammable substances, fires and explosions;

Increased level of electromagnetic radiation. The action of the factor - the energy of the HF, UHF, UHF ranges can cause disturbances in the cardiovascular, endocrine systems, changes in the nervous system and other diseases;

Lack or lack of natural light. Factor action - can lead to light starvation of the human body;

Insufficient illumination of the working area. The action of the factor - there is visual fatigue, pain in the eyes, general lethargy, which lead to a decrease in attention and an increase in injury;

Reduced contrast. Factor action - can lead to overstrain of the visual analyzers;

Direct and reflected glitter. The effect of the factor is that open lamps in the field of view (direct brightness) lead to rapid fatigue of vision. Reflected glitter created by work surfaces with a high specular reflectance towards the worker's eye causes dazzle and leads to increased visual fatigue, headaches, painful eyes, etc .;

Sharp edges, burrs and roughness on the surfaces of inventory, equipment, tools, goods and containers. Factor action - possible injuries, minor injuries to hands and other unprotected parts of the body.

Psychological factors:

Physical overload (work "standing", lifting and carrying weights). Factor action - possible diseases of the musculoskeletal system, prolapse internal organs, vascular and other diseases;

Neuropsychic overload. Overvoltage analyzers. The action of the factor - fatigue occurs, leading to a decrease in attention;

Monotony of labor. Factor action - leads to increased fatigue, decreased attention, and, as a result, to the possibility of injury to the employee;

Emotional overload. Factor action - possible diseases of the cardiovascular system.

1.8. At work with harmful conditions labor, as well as work performed in particularly temperature conditions or associated with pollution, the employee is issued free of charge according to the established norms, special clothing, special shoes, and other personal protective equipment.

1.9. During work, you must be attentive and careful not to be distracted.

1.10. In winter conditions at low temperatures, outdoor work should be carried out withbreak for heating. Air temperature at which outdoor workmust be stopped or maintained intermittently, established by the administration.

1.11. In case of an accident, stop work immediately, notify the administration andapply for medical help... If the environment does not threaten life and healthsurrounding workers does not lead to an accident, then it must be saved until

investigation as it was at the time of the incident.

1.12. In case of an accident with another employee, you should provide him with the first first aidhelp, notify the administration and send to a medical facility.

1.13. Resting and smoking are allowed only in specially designated areas.

1.14. It is necessary to follow the rules of personal hygiene: wash your hands with soap and water after using the toilet, touching contaminated objects and after finishing work.

1.15. If it is impossible to perform the work without violating the requirements of the instructions,stop work and notify the administration.

1.16. If necessary, perform work that is not related to direct responsibilities forspecialty, you need to receive targeted instruction from the immediate supervisor of the work.

1.17. It is necessary to come to work in clean clothes and shoes, leave the topclothes, headwear and personal items in the dressing room (specially designated area).Constantly monitor the cleanliness of the body, hands, hair.

1.18. Do not eat in the workplace.

1.19. The employee is obliged:

- use overalls for their intended purpose, do not store personal toilet items, cigarettes and other foreign objects in their pockets;

Take off overalls when leaving the enterprise;

If there are signs of a cold or intestinal dysfunction, as well as suppuration, cuts, burns, inform your immediate supervisor and contact a medical facility for treatment.

1.20. Violation of the requirements of the instruction on labor protection is a violation of labor

discipline.

1.21. IT IS FORBIDDEN to be at the workplace in a state of alcoholic, drug or other toxic intoxication

1.22. Obligations of the employee in the field of labor protection:

Comply with labor protection requirements;

Correctly use personal and collective protective equipment;

Undergo training in safe methods and techniques for performing work, instructing on labor protection, internship at the workplace and testing knowledge of labor protection requirements;

Immediately notify your immediate or superior manager about any situation that threatens the life and health of people, about every accident that occurs at work, or about a deterioration in your health;

Pass mandatory preliminary (upon admission to work) and periodic(during employment) medical examinations (examinations).

1.23. When using by public transport comply with the rules for passengers:

Passengers are required to:

When traveling in a vehicle equipped with seat belts, wear them;

Embark and disembark from the sidewalk or shoulder and only after the vehicle has come to a complete stop.

If boarding and disembarking is not possible from the sidewalk or shoulder, it can be carried out from the side of the carriageway, provided that it is safe and does not interfere with other road users.

Passengers are prohibited from:

Distract the driver from driving while driving;

When traveling on truck stand with an onboard platform, sit on the sides or on a load above the sides;

Open the doors of the vehicle while it is in motion.

1.24. Observe the rules when crossing on foot Road traffic for pedestrians:

Pedestrians must move on sidewalks or footpaths, and if they are absent, on the side of the road. Pedestrians carrying or carrying bulky items may move along the edge of the carriageway if their movement on sidewalks or shoulders interferes with other pedestrians.

In the absence of sidewalks, footpaths or shoulders, as well as in case of impossibility to move along them, pedestrians can move along the cycle path or walk in one row along the edge of the carriageway (on roads with a dividing strip along the outer edge of the carriageway).

When driving along the edge of the carriageway, pedestrians must go towards the traffic of vehicles.

When driving along the sides or the edge of the carriageway at night or in conditions of insufficient visibility, pedestrians are advised to carry objects with reflective elements and ensure the visibility of these objects by vehicle drivers.

Pedestrians must cross the carriageway along pedestrian crossings, including underground and overhead crossings, and in their absence, at intersections along the sidewalk or shoulder line.

If there is no crossing or intersection in the visibility zone, it is allowed to cross the road at right angles to the edge of the carriageway in areas without a dividing strip and fences where it is clearly visible in both directions.

In places where traffic is regulated, pedestrians must be guided by the signals of the traffic controller or pedestrian traffic light, and in the absence of such signals - from the traffic light.

At unregulated pedestrian crossings, pedestrians may enter the carriageway after assessing the distance to approaching vehicles, their speed and making sure that the crossing will be safe for them. When crossing the carriageway outside the pedestrian crossing, pedestrians, in addition, should not interfere with the movement of vehicles and leave from behind a standing vehicle or other obstacle limiting visibility, without making sure that there are no approaching vehicles.

Having entered the carriageway, pedestrians should not linger or stop if this is not related to ensuring traffic safety. Pedestrians who did not have time to complete the crossing must stop at the line dividing traffic flows in opposite directions. You can continue the transition only after making sure of the safety of further movement and taking into account the traffic signal (traffic controller).

When approaching vehicles with a blue flashing light and a special sound signal, pedestrians must refrain from crossing the carriageway, and those on it must give way to this vehicles and immediately clear the carriageway.

1.25. When using the elevator, it is prohibited, if it stops, forcibly opening the doors and trying to get out of the elevator.

1.26. When using an escalator, it is prohibited:

Run up and down the escalator, sit on the steps, put loads on the handrails.

1.27. Every employee has the right to:

Refusal to perform work in the event of a danger to his life and health due to violation of labor protection requirements, with the exception of cases provided for federal laws, until such a hazard is eliminated;

Request for inspection of labor conditions and labor protection at his workplace by authoritiesstate supervision and control over compliance with labor protection requirements or public control bodies over compliance with labor protection requirements;

Appeal to the state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and authorities local government, to the employer, as well as to trade unions on labor protection issues;

Personal participation or through their representatives in the consideration of issues related to security safe environment labor at his workplace; and in the investigation of an industrial accident or occupational disease that has occurred to him;

Professional retraining at the expense of the employer in the event of the liquidation of the workplace due to violation of labor protection requirements;

Receiving reliable information from the employer on the conditions and labor protection at the workplace, on the existing risk of damage to health, as well as on measures to protect against exposure to harmful and hazardous production factors.

1.28. For violation of the requirements of this instruction, the perpetrators are liable in accordance with the current legislation and the Internal Labor Regulations.

1.29. Before starting work, it is necessary to receive fire-prevention instructions, and to pass the fire-technical minimum in rooms and at work with an increased fire hazard.

1.30. It is necessary to use serviceable switches, sockets, plugs, sockets and other electrical fittings. Do not leave switched on equipment and electrical appliances unattended, turn off electric lighting (except for emergency) at the end of work.

1.31. When using flammable and flammable substances in work, remove them to a place that is safe in terms of fire, do not leave a used cleaning cloth.material in the room at the end of the work.

2. LABOR PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS BEFORE STARTING WORK.

2.1. Wear special clothing (if available), if necessary, use personal protective equipment.

2.2. It is not allowed to pin clothes with pins, needles, keep breakable and sharp objects in pockets.

2.3. Check the equipment of the workplace with the necessary tools for work.

2.4. When performing new types of work, changing working conditions, etc. receive instruction on labor protection and appropriate serviceable personal protective equipment.

2.5. When repairing equipment operating from the electrical network, a poster should be at the workplace: “Do not turn on. People work. "

2.6. Prepare the workplace for safe work:

Provide free passageways;

Check the stability of the production table, rack, etc .;

Securely install mobile (portable) equipment and inventory (on a stand, desktop);

Conveniently and steadily arrange supplies of consumables in accordance with the frequency of use and consumption;

Check by external examination the sufficiency of illumination of the working area, the working surface, the absence of blinding light, the condition of the floors;

Check by external inspection that there are no hanging and bare ends of the wiring, the presence and reliability of grounding connections (no breaks, strength of contacts). Do not start work in the absence or unreliability of grounding (grounding);

Check the presence of fences of heated surfaces and the reliability of their fastening;

Check the absence of foreign objects inside and around the equipment used, the presence of safety devices, regulation and automation;

Check the serviceability of the equipment, devices and tools used:

a) the working surface of the production table should be flat, without potholes, cracks, tightly fitting to the base of the table, with careful soldering of the seams of metal sheets;

b) the surface of the container, handles of shovels, brushes, etc. must be clean, smooth, without chips, cracks and burrs.

2.7. Switch on (switch off) equipment, devices, apparatus operating from the electrical network with dry hands.

2.8. The employee must comply with the requirements of industrial sanitation (timely turn on and off local lighting, air shower, ventilation, regulate heating, etc.).

3. LABOR PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS DURING WORK.

3.1. Use serviceable devices, tools, special clothing and other personal protective equipment necessary for safe work.

3.2. It is forbidden to start work if the working conditions at the workplace do not meet the labor protection requirements.

3.3. Use tools, devices, materials, personal protective equipment only for the work for which they are intended.

3.4. Perform only the work for which you have been trained, instructed on labor protection and to which the immediate supervisor (the person responsible for the safe conduct of work) is admitted.

3.5. Observe the rules of movement indoors and on the territory, use the established passages.

3.6. Keep the workplace clean, remove debris from the floor in a timely manner.

3.7. Be attentive to the performance of your direct responsibilities, not to be distracted or distracted by others.

3.8. Ensure sufficient illumination of the workplace, serviceability and cleanliness of lamps. Remember that installation and cleaning of lamps, replacement of burned out light bulbs and repairs electrical networks must be performed by electrical personnel.

3.9. The employee is not allowed to:

Clutter up the workplace, aisles and driveways to it with empty containers, inventory, etc., have excess stocks of goods, materials, etc.;

Use random items for sitting (boxes, barrels, boxes, etc.);

Touch open and unenclosed live parts of the equipment, the contacts of the electric breaker, as well as bare and poorly insulated wires;

Leave electrical appliances, portable power tools, etc. on. when there is a power outage or a break in work.

3.10. It is necessary to lift and move weights manually in compliance with the established norms:

For women:

a) lifting and moving weights when alternating with other work (up to 2 times per hour) - no more than 10 kg

b) lifting and moving weights constantly during work shift- up to 7 kg

c) the amount of dynamic work performed during each hour of the work shift should not exceed: from the working surface - 1750 kgm; from the floor - 875 kgm

Notes:

The mass of the cargo being lifted and moved includes the mass of tare and packaging.

When moving loads on trolleys or in containers, the applied force should not exceed 10 kg.

For men:

a) constantly during a work shift with a mass of no more than 30 kg (for a loader - no more than 50 kg);

b) the value of the mass of the cargo moved or lifted per shift (in all works except for unloading and loading) when lifting from the working surface should not exceed 12 tons, from the floor or a level significantly below the working surface - 5 tons.

Hello friends! I invite you to read an interesting note by our colleague and part-time active subscriber Artyom Vlasenko. It will be, as you may have guessed from the title, about OSH instructions in the context of legal requirements and best practices. Artyom's note was highly appreciated in our official group VK, appreciate it too. Before publishing on the site, I added something about the approval of instructions, otherwise all the information from Artyom.

Let's deal with the basics of labor protection, namely, with instructions for labor protection, an experienced specialist will naturally ask himself the question, but what is there to understand? Everything is elementary! A beginner will naturally be interested and will try to find answers to many questions on this topic that have tormented him more than once. But even experienced professionals, perhaps, will find something useful for themselves, but for beginners it will be a must-read.

So, let's start with the basics, what are labor protection instructions? This is a local regulatory legal act of the employer containing labor protection requirements.

Now let's turn to the legislation, what does it tell us with regards to labor protection instructions? In this matter, the legislation does not really tell us very much. Labor Code Of the Russian Federation, within the framework of Article 212, obliges the employer: to develop and approve the rules and instructions on labor protection, taking into account the opinion of the trade union of the organization or an authorized employee for labor protection in the organization. To familiarize employees with labor protection requirements. This is where all the mandatory requirements regarding labor protection instructions, unfortunately or fortunately, end.

Let's summarize the requirements:

1. Instructions on labor protection in the organization should be.

2. Labor protection instructions are approved by the employer.

3. Instructions on labor protection are agreed with the trade union or with an authorized worker for labor protection.

4. The employee must be familiar with the instruction on labor protection.

Little specifics, isn't it? After all, a number of questions immediately arise, and who should develop instructions for labor protection in the organization? What if there is no union or authorized worker? How many and what instructions should there be in the organization?

Everything in order. Who exactly should develop OSH instructions? The employer must answer this question, it is his will and competence. It turns out that the employer himself determines who will develop the OSH instructions, and many employers think of nothing better than to puzzle the OSH specialist with this question, which from a certain point of view is a completely logical decision, but still incorrect. Labor protection instructions, as a rule, are developed by type of work or by profession, on the basis of this, how a labor protection specialist can formulate and present in the form of labor protection instructions specific requirements for the profession, especially regarding the operation of complex technical devices, and all work usually comes down to rewriting intersectoral OSH rules into instructions. Now let's look at more correct option... The labor protection instruction should be developed jointly with the labor protection specialist, as well as with the responsible managers and employees, but the developer of the instruction, who will put his signature, must be the manager or specialist who has competence in the area for which the instruction was developed. Development work should be carried out collegially, an occupational safety specialist in this regard should serve as an assistant for others, correct errors, evaluate legal requirements for the process and profession.

Now let's answer the question, what and how many instructions should be in the organization. Here again, the employer is given freedom of choice, but as a rule, instructions are developed according to the profession or type of work, which simplifies and systematizes this process, but still contains a number of disadvantages, since the number of professions can be limited to a dozen, but the types of work can be hundreds, and the question arises, what, to draw up an instruction on labor protection during operation, for example, an electric kettle? Of course not, here you need to approach the issue with common sense, in an expert way to collectively determine the most dangerous types of work in the organization, as well as professions for which it is necessary to develop instructions on labor protection, this list can be fixed by an order on the organization.

What about the agreement of the trade union? If he is not in the organization or there is no authorized labor protection worker in the organization? Since the creation of a trade union and the appointment of an authorized employee is a right of employees, and not an obligation of the employer, the organization may not have them on a legal basis. In such cases, it is advisable to make a note in the instruction that at the time of approval of this instruction, the trade union has not been created, and an authorized labor protection worker in the organization has not been selected.

How should OSH instructions be approved? The answer to this question is, if not in all labor protection rules, then in relatively new and still not cooled down after the publication of rules with approximately the following wording: on the basis of the Rules, the employer develops instructions on labor protection, which are approved by the local regulation employer, taking into account the opinion of the relevant trade union body or other representative body authorized by employees (if any). A local normative act is an order on the approval and introduction of labor protection instructions.

How to get acquainted with the instruction on labor protection? In this issue, there is again freedom of choice, since this process is not concretized, but it is generally accepted practice that a sheet of familiarization with labor protection instructions is used, this allows us to confirm the familiarization of a specific employee, at a specific point in time, with a certain instruction on labor protection, which will help us , let's say, within the framework of an accident investigation, to confirm that the employee saw the instruction, read it and studied the requirements, which he confirmed with his signature on the sheet.

For how long is the instruction being developed and when to make changes to it? The generally accepted period is traditionally considered to be 5 years from the date of approval of the instruction, but this is just a recommendation. The labor protection instruction can be in effect from the moment of its approval by the employer until its official cancellation by the same employer at any time, the time frame has not been established by legislation, but with the introduction of new equipment, new technological processes, as well as new legislation, changes in the instruction on protection labor must be made.

How to make changes to the instructions? In this matter, we again have freedom of choice: you can issue new edition instructions and reapproved by the employer, you can make changes to the text of the existing one and formalize this by an order for the organization, but then the employer's obligation arises again to familiarize themselves with the labor protection requirements, since they have been changed, which means to draw up the familiarization sheet again.

We have dealt with the main questions. Now it's worth turning to good organizational practice. In most cases, OSH professionals use Guidelines on the development of instructions on labor protection approved by the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation on May 13, 2004. Many labor protection specialists mistakenly believe that the requirements of this document are mandatory and strictly follow the requirements of this document. The above recommendations are a fairly good guide for developing instructions, but still for most they contain redundant information, turning OSH instructions into a document with more than a dozen pages, which leads to inefficiency, since employees simply cannot assimilate such a volume of information. which is for the most part repeated in every instruction, and does not carry any practical benefit. In this regard, the specialist should clearly understand why and what information should be set out in the labor protection instructions and not overload this document with unnecessary requirements.

What data and information should be used in the development of labor protection instructions?

When developing instructions, the following information should be considered and used:

• Cross-sectoral, sectoral, standard and other rules for labor protection.
• Typical instructions for labor protection.
• Equipment manufacturer's instructions.
• State standards (GOSTs).
• Sanitary rules and regulations.
• Measures taken following the results of investigations of accidents at work.
• Risk assessment results.
• Results of investigation of accidents, incidents, cases of first aid (microtrauma) *.
• Information from passports * and documentation for chemicals used in the technological process.
• Standards for issuing PPE and instructions for the use of PPE.
• * GOST 30333-2007 Safety data sheet for chemical products. General requirements.
• * GOST R 54934-2012 / OHSAS 18001: 2007 Occupational safety and health management systems. Requirements. p. 3.9.

A visualized model of the information used in the development of labor protection instructions

It is considered good practice to use words that have the meaning of a direct prohibition of certain actions, as well as an explanation of why such a prohibition is established.

Let's give an example.

Incorrect wording of the prohibition:

It is not allowed to mount or dismantle scaffolding and scaffolding at a height of open places with a wind force of 10 m / s or more, as well as with heavy snowfall, rain, thunderstorm or ice.

Correct option:

It is forbidden to install or dismantle scaffolding and scaffolding at a height in open places with a wind force of 10 m / s or more, as well as in heavy snowfall, rain, thunderstorm or ice, this can lead to the destruction of structures and injuries to workers.

It is also considered good practice to use visualization and highlight important information, as well as combine with safety signs. Consider this example:

Such blocks, combined with safety signs, as well as highlighting with appropriate colors, draws the employee's attention to the most important and significant safety rules.

One of the good practices that have come down to us since the times of the USSR is short extracts from labor protection instructions, such extracts are usually placed at the equipment, and they set out the basic safety rules when handling equipment.

An example of an extract from the instruction on labor protection with visualized blocks

There are also modern solutions that have come to us with the advent and proliferation of mobile devices such as tablets and smartphones. Many companies use corporate technology issued to employees, with the help of which they diagnose equipment, and can also fill out checklists. With the help of these devices, you can get instant access to electronic versions of various OSH instructions and other local regulations of the employer. It is also considered one of the good practices to place QR (Quick Response) codes, for example, on equipment, with a link to labor protection instructions, and an employee, at any time using a mobile device, can get instant access to information and refresh their knowledge.

Example of placing a QR code on equipment

The use of such practices will significantly improve the quality of labor protection instructions, and will also allow employees to receive prompt information about safe operation equipment.

That's all.

If you liked the note, then do not skimp on the rating stars, they rightfully belong to Artem Vlasenko. Feedback in the comments is also very welcome.

To be continued …