Neurology. Download books, textbooks, manuals on neurology and diseases of the nervous system. Neurology manual. Teaching aid for practical exercises in neurology The whole truth about the brain popular neurology fb2
Year of issue: 2008
Genre: Neurology
Format: PDF
Quality: OCR
Description: The history of the book "The Whole Truth About the Brain" began in 1998. In June, when I was chairing a meeting of neurologists and psychiatrists in Baden-Baden, Dr. Bertram Schattauer from the publishing house approached me and offered to take over the direction of the neurology section. At first I hesitated (even more work!), But when I heard that we are talking about one of the most popular journals in the field of neurology and psychiatry (with a circulation of approximately 32 thousand copies), I agreed. When I asked if I could publish my articles, Dr. Bertram smiled and replied: "As much as you like!"
If only he knew that I took him at his word! This is how I began my work, and my little rubric “Spirit and the Brain” found a response in the hearts of readers. For four years now I have been receiving postcards, faxes, e-mails, grateful calls from readers and pleasant messages when meeting with colleagues. The work was not so easy, most often, due to the workload of the main activity, the opportunity to perform it appeared only at night, on weekends, on vacation. The stories were based on my direct observation or came to mind when reading specialized magazines. Often conversations with friends or in the family circle served as a pretext for another story, and often I told one of them in the clinic, when after the morning conference I still had five minutes of free time. After that, however, I waited for the reaction of my colleagues. If I saw their interested, smiling, worried faces and fire in their eyes, then I published these stories in my column.
These essays were published in three volumes and had unexpected popularity (the first two volumes were even reprinted). And then the thought occurred to me: why not publish a book with commentary available to the general public? The publisher liked this idea, and the result of my work is in front of you.
I have grouped the stories into chapters and added to some where I have outlined the problem raised in this chapter. The book should pique the interest of readers and grab their attention. So, this is not so much about spiritual food as about a kind of spiritual "snack."
During the years of my activity as the editor of the "Neurology" column, communication with my colleagues-neuropathologists and employees of the publishing house brought me great joy. I would like to thank the professors, Drs. Dieter Sojk and Wulf Bertram, as well as the charming collaborators Frau Fiebiger, Frau Friedel and Dr. Frau Schurg. They supported me very much. A good relationship between the boss and the staff is just as important as the understanding between the captain and his crew. In the team, everyone depends on each other - this is my conviction.
What to read about the structure, work of the brain and its capabilities. Can you trust the brain? How consciousness and the brain interact, and how its work can be viewed in the context of neurology. Important works in this area in the recommended book selection.
1. Chris Frith "The Brain and Soul. How Nervous Activity Shapes Our Inner World." - M .: Corpus, Astrel, 2012
This is one of the rare books in Russian, which professionally and easily tells about how the mental world works. The world of our sensations, experiences and ideas. The author of the book, the famous English neurobiologist and neuropsychologist, examining the details of the anatomical structure of the human brain, talks about how mental images and ideas about the real physical world arise, develop and live. In his story, the author uses information gleaned from the most recent publications on how the activity of various surface and deep brain structures changes with a particular behavioral action. It turns out that the constructs and landscapes of these inner worlds of a person do not have to be copies of external realities. On the contrary, these are in full measure the fruits of creativity of the owner of the brain - creativity that is not divorced from reality, but only fills in the gaps in its cognition. Our inner world, according to the author of the book, is almost richer than the outer world, since it supplements it with options for possible realizations and spiritual searches.
2. Vileyanur Ramachandran "The birth of the mind. The mysteries of our consciousness." - M .: Olymp-business, 2006
The author devotes only two or three lines to a description of some kind of illness or injury of this or that patient, and then the reader is sent along with the author to a leisurely study of the structure of the brain and the origins of the mind. Here, in one patient with a missing right limb, as soon as the doctor touched his cheek on the left, the thumb of the hand that was missing was immediately combed. As soon as the doctor touched the cheek just below the previous place, he would like to scratch forefinger all the same missing hand. Ramachadran, as if wondering at himself, investigates the causes of this phenomenon, and the reader unexpectedly notices that now he knows not only about the phenomenon, not only about its causes, but also about the very structure of the brain, and also about how all this “mechanics " working.
How do we perceive the world around us and where do errors come from in this process? Are there any universal criteria for artistic taste, or does it all depend on cultural differences and national characteristics of people? Why do some people feel a certain color when they sound a particular tone? How can numbers appear colored when printed on paper with the same ink? And why has such a confusion of modalities of sensations, synesthesia, been preserved in human evolution? What are these mirror neurons, beloved by the author, which are activated in the brain not only with some own action, but also with a similar action of another person? Finally, a completely philosophical question: does a person voluntarily, for example, bend his finger when he deliberately wants to do it. It turns out that a second before the person decides to bend the finger, the brain has already calculated everything and independently made the decision to bend the finger. This means that we are secretly commanded by our brain, and not our own consciousness! So imperceptibly, Vileyanur Ramachandran not only tells us about the structure and functioning of the brain, about the mysteries of the mind, but also leads us to the conclusion that his favorite subject, neuroscience, is a treasure trove of philosophy.
3. Manfred Spitzer "The whole truth about the brain. Popular neurology." - M .: AST, Astrel, Harvest, 2008
The discerning reader, after reading a dozen pages, may call this book not very interesting. However, a certain patience must be shown here. Indeed, the book lacks that density of information flow, that aura of mystery in the descriptions of the brain and its activity, there are not even refined theories that usually attract attention to a popular science work. But there is a leisurely presentation of all sorts of different stories about cases of medical practice, which have seen in his lifetime the psychiatrist and neuropathologist, the wonderful doctor Manfred Spitzer. In the book, the author pays relatively little attention to the actual medical aspects of a particular case, but fully reveals its deep meaning and significance from the point of view of the construction of the brain, content mental processes and mistakes in everyday interpretations of brain activity. We can say that Manfred's book is a collection of all kinds of stories that, in one way or another, shed light on the mechanisms of the brain and mind. These are either direct observations of the author of the book, or the fruits of random reflections, conversations with friends. "The Whole Truth About the Brain" is a very balanced story, thought out from all sides, about various aspects of human brain activity, which, on the one hand, it would seem, are absolutely clear from school, but on the other hand, if you think about it, turn out to be completely mysterious. revealing the secret life of the brain. Somewhere after reading the first third of the book, it becomes obvious that the unhurried pace of the author's presentation of his stories corresponds to the speed natural perception of this topic and is the only one acceptable to the thoughtful reader. It becomes apparent that babies begin to adapt to the external environment while still in the womb; that chocolate, of course, has a positive effect on brain activity, that healthy sex itself controls the level of the sex hormone testosterone, and not vice versa. By the end of the book, the reader is surprised to discover that he has become the owner not only of a mass of new knowledge about the brain, but has learned to independently evaluate and interpret any new information or own observations about how the human brain works in the context of one's own experiences and when viewed from the outside.
4. Norman Doidge "The plasticity of the brain. Amazing facts about how thoughts can change the structure and function of our brain." - M .: EKSMO, 2009
The author of the book is an unusual person. Not only is he a M.D., psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and professor at Columbia University in New York and the University of Toronto Department of Psychiatry, he is also a talented essayist, poet, and an excellent promoter of brain science. His book "The Plasticity of the Brain" is a rare example of a combination of scientific rigor in presenting the most incredible hypotheses, medical scrupulousness in describing clinical cases and dramatic presentation of material. And all this for the sake of popularizing the brilliant idea that the brain is able to change its own structure and functioning through the thoughts and actions of a person. Norman Doidge considers it a revolution to understand the brain as a substrate for our behavior and intelligence, constantly changing depending on the cognitive needs of the body. "This revolution, due to the neuroplasticity of the brain," writes Norman Doidge, "cannot but affect our understanding of how love, sex, sadness, relationships, learning, addictions, culture, technology and psychotherapy are changing our brains." ... Indeed, a new understanding of the brain, the structure and content of which is constantly being rebuilt to suit the current needs of the intellect, cannot but affect not only biological and medical research areas, but also the humanities, social and natural sciences, which to one degree or another deal with human nature. ... Bright, accessible, always with intrigue, Norman Doidge talks about both outstanding scientists who prove the plasticity of the brain, and about patients whose lives have changed much for the better due to the fact that their injured brain itself improved so much that its healthy parts began to work perfectly in a new way, compensating for the failed brain mechanisms. Norman Doidge's book has an undoubted charge of optimism, it gives the belief that the mind and will of a person can not only improve the brain of a healthy person, but also make him overcome any ailment.
5. Sandra Amodt, Sam Wong "Secrets of our brain, or Why smart people do stupid things." "- M .: EKSMO, 2009
Sandra Amodt and Sam Wong are well known for their work in the study of the mechanisms of the human brain in health and disease. Perhaps that is why their popular science book on how the brain works contains a minimum of excursions into textbooks of anatomy and physiology, but is full of fascinating information and facts from the life of the brain that explain our behavior, our abilities and the causes of some brain diseases. The book is a kind of invitation to explore your own brain. It is called in the original version "Welcome to your brain." In fact, the reader will not be deceived. In six large sections, he learns whether you can trust your brain, how sensations are formed and how deceiving they are, why not everyone becomes geeks and whether there is a chance to remain in full mind until old age, why emotions are needed and whether they have anything to do with states of happiness. what is more important and more important: heredity or upbringing - and, finally, how rational we are, reasonable and how much our consciousness is subject to the action of pharmacological and psychological influences? Sandra Amodt and Sam Wong talk about all this and many other things in an accessible and entertaining way, and most importantly, with the knowledge of professionals and the enthusiasm of the guides leading their first tourist group. The book by Sandra Amodt and Sam Wong is also useful in that it justifies the stupidity of even the smartest people by the fact that it is due to the appropriate construction and content of their brains.
About the author: Alexander Kaplan, Doctor of Biological Sciences, psychophysiologist, professor of the Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Head of the Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neurointerfaces at the Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov.
Educational institution
"Gomel state medical university"
Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery
TEACHING AND METHODOLOGICAL GUIDE
TO PRACTICAL EXERCISES IN NEUROLOGY
AND NEUROSURGERY FOR STUDENTS OF THE IV COURSE OF MEDICAL FACULTY AND THE FACULTY OF TRAINING SPECIALISTS FOR FOREIGN COUNTRIES AND THE V COURSE OF MEDICAL-DIAGNOSTIC FACULTY OF HIGHER MEDICAL
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Gomel, 2014
UDC 616.8 + 616.8-089 (072) (076.5)
V. Ya. Latysheva, V. I. Kurman, N. V. Galinovskaya, M. V. Olizarovich,
N. N. Usova, E. V. Serebrova, Yu. V. Tabankova
Reviewers:
doctor medical sciences, assistant professor,
Head of the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery
EE "Grodno State Medical University"
S. D. Kulesh
Candidate of Medical Sciences, Leading Researcher
Republican Scientific and Practical Center
radiation medicine and human ecology
A. N. Tsukanov
Teaching aid for practical training in neurology
U91 and neurosurgery for IV year students of the medical faculty and the faculty for training specialists for foreign countries and the V year of the medical diagnostic faculty of higher medical educational institutions/ V. Ya. Latysheva [and others]. –– Gomel: educational institution “Gomel State Medical University”, 2014. –– 160 p.
ISBN
The training manual was compiled in accordance with the standard program in neurology and neurosurgery for students of higher medical educational institutions, approved, Minsk, 02.11.2011, Registration No. TD-L.263 / type.
Approved and recommended for publication by the Central Educational Scientific and Methodological Council of the educational institution "Gomel State Medical University", protocol no.
UDC 616.8 + 616.8-089 (072) (076.5)
BBK 56.1ya73
ISBN © Educational Institution
"Gomel State
Medical University ", 2014
| List of symbols.……………………………………….. | 4 |
| Topic 1. The motor system and the syndromes of its defeat ……. ……… | 5 |
| Topic 2. Sensitivity and its disorders. Cerebellum.……………….. | 15 |
| Topic 3. Cranial nerves (I – VI pairs). Research methods and lesion syndromes ……………………………………………………… | |
| Topic 4. Cranial nerves (VII-XII pairs). Brain stem. Alternating syndromes ………………………………………………………… ... | |
| Topic 5. Cerebral hemispheres and higher cerebral functions. Blood supply to the brain and spinal cord ……… ... ……………… .. | |
| Topic 6. The meninges of the brain. Liquor. Meningeal syndrome, intracranial hypertension syndrome. Instrumental research methods in the diagnosis of diseases of the nervous system .. ... .. | |
| Topic 7. Infectious and infectious-allergic diseases of the nervous system. Autoimmune lesions of the nervous system .... ... .. | |
| Topic 9. Vascular diseases of the nervous system. Stroke and chronic cerebral ischemia ………… ... ……………… .. ……………………. | |
| Topic 10. Neurosurgical treatment of vascular diseases of the nervous system ……………………………… .. ………………………….… .. | |
| Topic 11. Hereditary diseases of the nervous and neuromuscular systems ……… ... ……………………………………………………………… | |
| Topic 12. Degenerative diseases of the nervous and neuromuscular systems ……… ... …………………………………………………………… | |
| Topic 13. Diseases of the peripheral nervous system .. …………… | 127 |
| Topic 14. Epilepsy and convulsive states. Classification, clinic, diagnosis, treatment, emergency care for status epilepticus. Headaches. Migraine………………………………… | 139 |
| Topic 15. Traumatic brain injury. Spinal cord injury. Traumatic injuries of peripheral nerves ... ... ... .......................... | |
| Bibliography………………………………………………..…... | 158 |
legend list
| AVM | - arteriovenous malformation |
| HELL | - arterial pressure |
| AHEP | - anticholinesterase drugs |
| HIV | - AIDS virus |
| DNA | - Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| ZCHA | - posterior cranial fossa |
| Mechanical ventilation | - artificial ventilation of the lungs |
| CT scan | - CT scan |
| KFK | - creatine phosphokinase |
| MRI | - Magnetic resonance imaging |
| NMSN | - hereditary motor-sensory polyneuropathies |
| NSAIDs | - non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| NTF | - dysfunction of the pelvic organs |
| ONMK | - acute disorders of cerebral circulation |
| PNS | - peripheral nervous system |
| PCR | - polymerase chain reaction |
| ROA | - reflexes of oral automatism |
| RNA | - ribonucleic acid |
| AIDS | - acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
| Ultrasound | - ultrasound procedure |
| CNS | - central nervous system |
| TBI | - head injury |
| ECG | - electrocardiography |
| ENMG | - electroneuromyography |
| EchoES | - echoencephaloscopy |
| EEG | - electroencephalography |
| n. (nerve) | - Nervus |
| nucl. (core) | - Nucleus |
TOPIC 1. MOTOR SYSTEM AND ITS LOSS SYNDROMES
1. Introduction (relevance of the topic)
Most diseases of the nervous system are accompanied by damage to structures responsible for voluntary and involuntary movements, which are formed with the participation of the pyramidal, extrapyramidal systems and cerebellum. Moreover, the most serious diseases, such as strokes, traumas of the nervous system, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are usually accompanied by disorders of motor functions, leading to the disability of patients. The defeat of the extrapyramidal system (basal nuclei) causes the development of hypertensive-hypokinetic (akinetic-rigid) and hypotonic-hyperkinetic syndromes.
Knowledge of the symptomatology that develops with the defeat of the structures responsible for the motor act is one of the fundamental foundations of the topical diagnosis of diseases of the nervous system.
Without understanding the anatomy and physiology of motion control systems, treatment of movement disorders is impossible.
2. Purpose:
mastering by students of topical diagnostics of lesions of the pyramidal and extrapyramidal systems, which are responsible for the motor act, methods of studying the human motor sphere.
The student should know:
anatomical and physiological features of the organization of the human motor sphere, the structure of the pyramidal system;
a method for studying the function of the motor sphere (studying the volume of active and passive movements, determining muscle strength and tone, studying deep and superficial reflexes, studying pathological reflexes);
classification of reflexes;
principles of topical diagnosis of lesions of various parts of the pyramidal system;
research methodology of the extrapyramidal system. Parkinson's syndrome and types of hyperkinesis.
determine the volume of active and passive movements;
explore the muscle strength of the limbs;
explore muscle tone;
explore deep and superficial reflexes;
determine pathological reflexes;
to determine the symptoms characterizing the extrapyramidal system in normal conditions and in case of violations of its function.
the technique of a special survey and examination of patients with lesions of the pyramidal and extrapyramidal systems.
The motor sphere is the interaction of the system of voluntary movements, the extrapyramidal system and the system of coordination of movements.
The structure of the cortical-muscular pathways of the system of voluntary movements.
Reflexes, classification (superficial, deep), levels of closure, options for changes.
Central paralysis symptoms. Symptoms of peripheral paralysis.
Terminology of voluntary movement disorders: paresis, plegia, mono-, hemi-, tetra- and paraparesis.
Syndromes of motor disorders with damage to the hemispheres, brain stem, spinal cord, roots and plexuses, peripheral nerves.
Syndromes of damage to the extrapyramidal system (basal nuclei, red nucleus, substantia nigra and other formations).
The role of electrodiagnostics in determining central and peripheral paralysis.
Transcript
1 A.S. Petrukhin CHILDREN'S NEUROLOGY TEXTBOOK IN TWO VOLUMES Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Sechenov "as a textbook for students of institutions of higher vocational education, studying in the specialty "Pediatrics" in the discipline "Nervous diseases" Registration number reviews 7 of February 25, 2009 FGU "Federal Institute for the Development of Education" 2012
2 A.S. Petrukhin CHILDREN'S NEUROLOGY TEXTBOOK TOM
3 UDC (075.8) BBK 57.33ya y73-1 P31 Authors: Professor, chief freelance pediatric specialist neurologist of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia A.S. Petrukhin; M.Yu. Bobilov. P31 Petrukhin, Andrey Sergeevich. Pediatric neurology: textbook: in 2 volumes / A.S. Petrukhin. M.: GEOTAR-Media, T p. : ill. ISBN (general) ISBN (vol. 1) The textbook is fully consistent with the curriculum for teaching the discipline "Nervous diseases" for students of pediatric faculties medical universities... For ease of use, the textbook is divided into two volumes. The first volume contains an introduction to neurology, basic information on fundamental neurology, and topical diagnosis of diseases of the nervous system in children. The textbook is intended for students of pediatric faculties of medical universities, it can be useful for students of other faculties, as well as pediatricians, neurologists and doctors general practice... UDC (075.8) ББК 57.33я я73-1 The rights to this publication belong to Publishing Group "GEOTAR-Media" LLC. Reproduction and distribution in any form of a part or a whole publication cannot be carried out without the written permission of LLC Publishing Group "GEOTAR-Media". ISBN (gen.) ISBN (vol. 1) Petrukhin A.S., 2012 Publishing Group "GEOTAR-Media" LLC, 2012 "GEOTAR-Media" Publishing Group LLC, design, 2012
4 GENERAL NEUROLOGY Chapter 1. NEUROANATOMY 1.1. Brain The brain is a formation consisting of two cerebral hemispheres of the right and left, which are connected by a massive white commissure (corpus callosum), formed by large bundles of myelinated associative fibers, and two hemispheres of small cerebellar sizes. In newborns, the brain mass averages 340 g, doubles by 6 months and triples by 3 years (600 and 1018 g, respectively). By the age of 7-8, the brain mass becomes equal to that of an adult and does not increase anymore (normally, individual fluctuations in brain mass can be significant). The total surface area of the cerebral cortex (cloak) is 2500 cm 2, with 2/3 of the surface located in the depth of the furrows, and 1/3 on the visible surface of the hemispheres. Depending on the anatomical and physiological features of the structure, there are: the forebrain (two hemispheres of the cerebrum, subcortical basal ganglia); diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, metathalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus); midbrain; hindbrain (brain stem, cerebellum). The largest part of the brain is the cerebral hemisphere. In each hemisphere, there are frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital lobes and an islet (Fig. 1.1). The lateral surface of the hemispheres is dotted with numerous grooves, the main of which are the lateral (Sylvian) groove, separating the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe, the central (Roland) groove, separating the frontal lobe from the parietal, and the parieto-occipital, which runs along the inner surface of the hemisphere and separates the parietal lobe of the occipital. In front
5 16 CHAPTER 1. Neuroanatomy a c b Fig. Cerebral hemispheres: а upper lateral surface of the right hemisphere: frontal lobe (precentral gyrus, precentral groove, superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, central groove, lateral groove), parietal lobe (postcentral gyrus, postcentral sulcus, intra-parietal sulcus, supra-marginal gyrus, angular gyrus), occipital lobe, temporal lobe (superior temporal gyrus, superior temporal sulcus, middle temporal gyrus, middle temporal sulcus, inferior temporal gyrus; b medial surface of a pair of the right center hemisphere: lobule, precuneus, parieto-occipital groove, wedge, lingual gyrus, lateral occipitotemporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, hook, vault, corpus callosum, superior frontal gyrus, cingulate gyrus; in the lower surface of the large brain: longitudinal fissure of the large brain, orbital grooves , olfactory nerve, optic chiasm, medium ny temporal sulcus, hook, inferior temporal gyrus, mastoid, base of the cerebral peduncle, lateral occipitotemporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, collateral sulcus, cingulate gyrus, lingual gyrus, olfactory sulcus, straight gyrus
6 PART I. General neurology 17 from the central sulcus is the anterior central gyrus, in which the motor analyzer is the highest center for the regulation of movements. It is formed by pyramidal cells (Betz cells), giving rise to the corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts (pyramidal pathway). Through it, signals for the regulation of voluntary movements are sent to the nuclei of the cranial nerves and the cells of the anterior horns of the spinal cord. The frontal lobe is separated from the parietal central sulcus, from the temporal lateral sulcus. On the outer surface of the frontal lobe, four gyri are distinguished: vertical (precentral) and three horizontal (upper, middle and lower). The vertical gyrus is enclosed between the central and precentral grooves. The superior frontal gyrus is located above the superior frontal groove, the middle between the superior and inferior frontal grooves, and the inferior one between the inferior frontal and lateral grooves. On the lower (basal) surface of the frontal lobes, the straight and orbital gyri are distinguished, which are formed by the olfactory and orbital grooves. The straight gyrus lies between the inner edge of the hemisphere and the olfactory groove. In the depths of the olfactory furrow lie the olfactory bulb and the olfactory tract. The function of the frontal lobes is associated with the organization of the program of voluntary movements, motor mechanisms of speech, regulation of complex forms of behavior, thinking processes. The parietal lobe is separated from the frontal central sulcus, from the temporal lateral sulcus, from the occipital imaginary line from the upper edge of the parieto-occipital sulcus to the lower edge of the hemisphere. In the parietal lobe on the outer surface, there is a vertical postcentral gyrus and two horizontal lobules, the superior parietal and inferior parietal. The postcentral gyrus is bounded by the central and postcentral grooves; the upper parietal lobe is located upward from the horizontal intra-parietal sulcus, and the lower one downward from the intra-parietal sulcus. The part of the lower parietal lobule, located above the posterior part of the lateral sulcus, is called the supramarginal gyrus, and the part surrounding the ascending process of the superior temporal sulcus, the angular (angular) gyrus. The function of the parietal lobe is mainly associated with the perception and analysis of sensitive stimuli, spatial orientation, regulation of purposeful movements.
Lecture 1 BRAIN Terminal brain The brain is located in the cavity of the cerebral section of the skull. Weight 1394 g (), 1245 g () prosencephalon final and intermediate m. Mesencephalon rhombencephalon
FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE LARGE HEMISPHERE CORE 1 General organization of the brain 2 Structural-functional model of the integrative work of the brain (Luria A.R.) 3 The telencephalon is formed by two hemispheres, which
Topic: Central nervous system. Spinal cord and brain. Peripheral nervous system. Option 1 1. The brain stem is: 1) the bridge, the medulla oblongata 2) the medulla oblongata 3) the midbrain, the bridge
NERVOUS SYSTEM. ORGANS OF SENSES. 1. Neuron: definition, parts, morphological classification, structure, topography, 2. The structure of a simple and complex reflex arc 3. Development of the central nervous system
NEUROLOGY CONDUCTIVE WAYS OF THE BRAIN Types of pathways Pathways are bundles of nerve fibers containing functionally homogeneous areas of gray matter in the central nervous system, occupying in the white matter of the brain and
Lecture 13 LOCALIZATION OF FUNCTIONS IN THE CORTEX 1. General Provisions 2. The nuclei of the first signaling system 3. The nuclei of the second signaling system 1 The nerve cells of the cerebral cortex are specialized
1. Fund of assessment tools for intermediate certification of students in the discipline (module): General information 1. Department of SPiSP 2. Direction of training 44.03.03 Special (defectological)
List of questions for the final control Central nervous system. 1. Development of the central nervous system in embryogenesis. The main stages of the formation of the nervous system in phylogeny. 2. Development of the head
1. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DISCIPLINE FOR FGOS VPO In accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education in the direction of preparation 030300 Psychology (qualification
Chapter II. Neuro-humoral regulation of physiological functions Home: 10 Topic: Brain Tasks: To study the structure and functions of the brain Pimenov A.V. Hindbrain The brain is usually divided into
To the beginning Menu Program Literature Return to the previous document 1 CONTENTS List of abbreviations 8 TEACHING ABOUT THE NERVOUS SYSTEM NEUROLOGY 9 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 17 Spinal cord 18 External structure
Questions of the theoretical part FINAL LESSON ON NEUROLOGY (CNS) 1. Phylo- and ontogenesis of the nervous system. 2. Departments of the nervous system and their significance. 3. Neuron is a structural and functional unit of the nervous system.
1 1. Definition and general overview of the pathways; 2. Associative pathways; 3. Commissural (adhesive) pathways; 4. Projection pathways: a. ascending projection paths; b. downstream
S.S. Mikhailov, A.V. Chukbar, A.G. Tsybulkin HUMAN ANATOMY Edited by Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Professor L.L. Kolesnikova TEXTBOOK IN TWO VOLUMES VOLUME FIFTH EDITION, REVISED AND SUPPLEMENTED Ministry
Omsk 013 1. Goals and objectives of the discipline. The purpose of this academic discipline is the acquaintance of students with the basics of the morphology of the central nervous system as a substrate of human mental functions .. Requirements
Topic: NERVOUS SYSTEM (6 hours). General overview of the nervous system. The structure and function of the nervous system. Topographic and functional classification. Neuron basic structural and functional
Monitoring tests on the topic Private physiology of the nervous system 1. In which horns of the spinal cord are the bodies of alpha-motor neurons located? a) In the back b) In the lateral c) In the front 2. In the spinal cord, they are closed
Developer Professor of the Department Gurov D. Yu. P. 1 of 13 Version 1 I. METHODOLOGICAL INSTRUCTIONS 1. Requirements for students: The course "Anatomy of the Central nervous system" is professionally significant for a future psychologist, based on
LIST OF EXAMINATION QUESTIONS Neuroanatomy as a science 1. The history of the development of views and teachings about the morphological and functional organization of the central nervous system (R. Descartes, F. Gall, V. Betz, etc.).
KAZAN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF FUNDAMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY Department of morphology and general pathology M.A. TITOVA, M.S. A. A. KALIGIN GUMER'S CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. TESTS PROBLEM
MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS GRODNO STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF NORMAL ANATOMY HUMAN ANATOMY Guidelines to practical exercises for
KAZAN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF FUNDAMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY Department of morphology and general pathology M.A. TITOVA, M.S. A. A. KALIGIN GUMER'S CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. TESTS Educational-methodical
LIST OF PRACTICAL SKILLS FOR THE EXAM ON THE DISCIPLINE “HUMAN ANATOMY. ANATOMY OF THE HEAD AND NECK »FOR SPECIALTY 31.05.03 - DENTISTRY Show and name in Latin 1. I cervical vertebra. 2. II cervical
Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Northern State Medical University" of the Ministry of Health
NON-STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION "SAMARA HUMANITARIAN ACADEMY" Branch in Togliatti ANATOMY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TRAINING METHODOLOGICAL COMPLEX
MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN SAMARKAND MEDICAL INSTITUTE ABSTRACT TOPIC: SPINAL CORD Completed by: Vohidov U. SAMARKAND-2016 SPINAL CORD The importance of the nervous system Nervous system
The connection of the brain and movements. Any movement is not possible without the participation of the brain. Rice. Centers of the brain, side view and inside. 1 Frontal lobe of the brain; 2 Parietal lobe; 3 Central furrow; 4 Lateral furrow; five
Pathways Sensitive pathways Conscious proprioceptive sensitivity Conscious position of the body and its parts in space Sense of stereognosis recognition of an object by touch Violations
VIEW ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM The nervous system (systema nervosum) provides the connection of all parts of the body into a single whole; external environment The human nervous system is conditional
Fund of assessment tools for intermediate certification of students in the discipline (module): General information 1. Department of Natural Sciences 2. Direction of training 06.03.01 Biology, profile General
Stages of the formation of semantic reading skills Message to the Ministry of Education of Biology teachers 01.11.2017 Prepared by G.D. Maximova The goal of semantic reading is to understand the content of the text as accurately and fully as possible, to catch everything
Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus EE "Polesskiy State University"L.V. TKACHUK ANATOMY Lecture course Part III For students of the Faculty of Organization healthy way life Pinsk 2015
ORGANS OF SENSES. RECEPTORS. PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION CODING. SENSOR RECEPTORS Sensory receptors are specific cells tuned to perceive various stimuli from external and internal environment
"Anatomy of the human nervous system" Questions and answers from the test on the Anatomy of the human nervous system from the site oltest.ru. Total amount questions: 146 Test on the subject "Anatomy of the human nervous system."
SPINAL CORD. STRUCTURE The spinal cord lies in the spinal canal is a long cord (its length in an adult is about 45 cm), somewhat flattened from front to back. At the top, it turns into an oblong
EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ON ANATOMY OF THE HEAD AND NECK FOR SPECIALTY 31.05.03 - DENTISTRY 1. The structure of the I and II cervical vertebrae. Occipito-vertebral region. 2. Connections of the Atlantean with the skull and with the axial
MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS BELARUSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF NORMAL ANATOMY HUMAN ANATOMY Methodical recommendations for practical exercises 3 semester
Autonomous non-profit educational organization higher professional education "INSTITUTE OF ECONOMY AND MANAGEMENT IN MEDICINE AND SOCIAL SPHERE" FUND OF ASSESSMENT FUNDS FOR EDUCATIONAL DISCIPLINE
Functional organization cerebral cortex 1. Sensory cortex of the large brain 2. Associative cortex of the large brain 3. Motor cortex of the large brain Depending on the functions of the region
Lecture 2 BRAIN Intermediate, middle, posterior, medulla oblongata Brain divisions terminal intermediate median posterior: (i) bridge, (ii) medulla oblongata Brain stem phylogenetically
Test tasks in the discipline "Human Anatomy and Physiology" for students of the specialty "Nursing", "Obstetrics" on the topic: "Anatomical and physiological aspects of self-regulation of body functions"
OSTEOLOGY Vertebral body Vertebral arch Upper vertebral notch Lower vertebral notch Vertebral foramen Spinous process Transverse process Upper articular process Lower articular process
ANATOMY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 1 Goals and objectives of the discipline: The goal of the discipline is to give students theoretical knowledge about the structure of the human central nervous system and its development, as well as general ideas
State budgetary educational institution of secondary vocational education "Kinel-Cherkasy Medical College" Specialty 34.02.01. Nursing (full-time education) _ Working
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION NIGHT OF HPE "MOSCOW SOCIAL AND HUMANITARIAN INSTITUTE" "Defectology. Speech therapy "Lectures on the discipline" Neuropathology "TOPIC 4. The structure of the brain
SECTION Nervous system Duration of study of the section 45 hours of practical training The purpose of studying the content of the section is to consider the features of the structure and functioning of the nervous system, and is directed
NOU HPE "INTERNATIONAL INNOVATIVE UNIVERSITY" WORKING PROGRAM OF THE DISCIPLINE "ANATOMY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM" Direction of training: 030300.62 "Psychology" Training profile: general Qualification
FEDERAL STATE BUDGETARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION "NOVOSIBIRSK STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY" Faculty of Humanitarian Education APPROVED
The nervous system is a very complex and unique system of the body in its structure and functions. Its purpose is to establish and regulate the relationship of organs and systems in the body, to bind
Nervous system Functions of the nervous system. A particularly important role in the life of the human body is played by the nervous system, a combination of various structures of the nervous tissue. The functions of the nervous system are:
Anatomical and physiological features of the nervous system. Development of the nervous system in ontogenesis. Functions of the nervous system Fast and accurate transmission of information about the state of the external and internal environment of the body.
Atlas of the human nervous system structure and disorders 4th edition, revised and enlarged Edited by V.M. Astapova Yu.V. Mikadze Approved by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation as
Krisevich TO Senior Lecturer, Department of General Biology and Botany REGULATORY SYSTEMS OF THE ORGANISM NERVOUS SYSTEM (PART 3) The structure and functions of the brain. Significance of the cerebral cortex. Head
I.I. KAGAN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM VENOUS SYSTEM CLINICAL ANATOMY AND DISORDERS OF VENOUS CIRCULATION 2016 Chapter 2 Intracerebral veins and pathways of venous outflow from the structures of the brain 2.1. VIENNA
PRIVATE CNS PHYSIOLOGY Lecture 6 THE ROLE OF DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS OF THE CNS IN MOTION REGULATION. SPINAL CORD PHYSIOLOGY 5 levels of human motor function regulation: 1. spinal cord; 2.the medulla oblongata and varolium
Stock Neurology Qualification Tests pdf >>> Stock Neurology Qualification Tests pdf Stock Neurology Qualification Tests pdf Body schema disorder is noted in lesions: 89. Reticular
VORONEZH STATE UNIVERSITY Faculty of Biology and Soil Science Department of Human and Animal Physiology ANATOMY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Methodical materials for full-time students of the Faculty of Philosophy
Methodical instructions for practical exercises and independent work students in the discipline "Anatomy and Physiology of the Central Nervous System" Topics of practical classes and recommendations for preparation:
TOPIC "Analyzers" 1. The initial link of the olfactory analyzer is 1) nerves and nerve pathways 2) receptors located in the language 3) neurons of the cerebral cortex 4) sensitive
CONTENTS CHAPTER 16. Hypothalamus, neuroendocrine system and autonomic nervous system ... 15 I. Hypothalamus ... 17 Hypothalamic nuclei ... 17 Afferent pathways ... 18 Efferent pathways ... 20 Functional stability ...
CONDUCTING WAYS Department of Morphology and General Pathology IPMiB KFU Neuroanatomy Lecture of Associate Professor Titova M.A., 2018 This is how the pathways of the brain look in three-dimensional fiber tractography.
Clinical epileptology: leadership / M. Ya. Kissin. - M. GEOTAR-Media, 2011 .-- 256 p .: ill. - (Series "Library of a specialist doctor").
The guide presents epidemiological and clinical data on ictal and interictal mental disorders in patients with epilepsy, differentiates and systematizes various paroxysmal and permanent psychopathological manifestations. Antiepileptic drugs were analyzed with recommendations for choosing the optimal treatment tactics.
Diseases of the Nervous System: A Guide for Physicians in 2 Volumes, ed. Yakhno
The second volume presents the modern ideas about degenerative, metabolic, congenital and toxic lesions of the nervous system. Sleep disorders, headaches, facial pains, epilepsy, fainting, pain in the neck, back and extremities, geriatric aspects of neurological disorders and lesions of the nervous system in somatic diseases are described. New methods of diagnostics, treatment and prevention are presented, general principles neuroreanimatology and neurorehabilitation.
The fastest boat in the world!
The history of the Off-White brand
Habakkuk: how the British tried to build an aircraft carrier from ice Why the project was curtailed