45 mbps. Tariff "Forever" by Rostelecom: description. The situation at the moment

Good hour!

Almost all novice users, having connected to the Internet at a speed of 50-100 Mbit / s, begin to violently resent when they see a download speed that does not exceed several Mb / s in some torrent client (how many times have I heard: “The speed is lower than stated, in advertising ...”, “We were misled ...”, “The speed is low, the network is bad ...”, etc.) .

The thing is that many people confuse different units of measurement: Megabits and Megabytes. In this article I want to dwell on this issue in more detail and give small calculations, how many Megabytes are in Megabit ...

All internet providers (note: almost everything, 99.9%) when you connect to the network, indicate the speed in Mbps, for example, 100 Mbps. Naturally, by connecting to the network and starting to download a file, a person hopes to see such a speed. But there is one big "BUT" here ...

Let's take a program as common as uTorrent : when downloading files in it, the column "" shows the speed in Mb / s (i.e. MB / s, or as they say Megabyte).

That is, when connecting to the network, you saw the speed in Mbps (Megabits), and in all downloader programs you see the speed in MB / s (Megabyte)... This is where all the "salt" is ...

The speed of downloading files in torrent.

Why is network speed measured in bits

A very interesting question. In my opinion, there are several reasons here, I will try to outline them.

1) Convenience measuring network speed

Generally, the unit of measure of information is Bits. A byte is 8 Bits, with which you can encode any of the characters.

When you download something (i.e., data is transferred), then not only the file itself (not only these encoded characters) is transferred, but also service information ( part of which is less than a byte, i.e. it is advisable to measure it in bits).

That is why, it is more logical and more expedient to measure the network speed in Mbps.

2) Marketing move

The higher the number that is promised to people, the more the number will “bite” on advertising and connect to the network. Imagine that if someone starts writing 12 MB / s instead of 100 Mbit / s, they will obviously lose the advertising campaign to another provider.

How to convert Mbps to Mbps, how many megabytes in Megabytes

If you do not go into theoretical calculations (and I think most of them are not interested), then the translation can be presented in the following format:

1 byte = 8 bits;
1 kB = 1024 bytes = 1024 * 8 bits;
1 MB = 1024 kB = 1024 * 8 kBit;
1 GB = 1024 MB = 1024 * 8 MB.

Conclusion: that is, if you are promised a speed of 48 Mbps after connecting to the network, divide this figure by 8 - you get 6 Mbps (This is the maximum download speed you can achieve, in theory *).

In practice, add what else will be transferred service information, loading the provider's line (you are not alone connected to it :)), loading your PC, etc. Thus, if the download speed in the same uTorrent you will have in the region of 5 MB / s, then this is a good indicator for the promised 48 Mbit / s.

Why the download speed is 1-2 MB / s when I am connected to 100 Mbit / s, because according to calculations it should be 10-12 * MB / s

This is a very common question! Almost every second person asks it, and it is not always easy to answer it. I will list the main reasons below:

: if you sat down at the most popular time (when the maximum number of users on the line), then it is not surprising that the speed will be lower. Most often, this is the time in the evening when everyone comes home from work / school;

Server speed (i.e. the PC from which you download the file): may be lower than yours. Those. if the server has a speed of 50 Mb / s, then you cannot download from it faster than 5 Mb / s;

Perhaps other programs on your computer are downloading something else (this is not always clearly visible, for example, your Windows OS may be updated);

"Weak" equipment (router for example). If the router is "weak", then it simply cannot provide high speed, moreover, the Internet connection itself may not be stable, often break.

In general, I have an article on my blog dedicated to the slow download speed, I recommend it for review.:

NOTE! I also recommend an article on increasing Internet speed (by tweaking Windows):

How to find out your internet connection speed

To begin with, when you connect to the Internet, the icon on the taskbar becomes active (example of an icon:).

If you click on this icon with the left mouse button, a list of connections will pop up. Select the one you want, then right-click on it and go to the "Status" of this connection (screenshot below).

How to see the Internet speed using Windows 7 as an example

How to check your connection speed

It should be noted that the declared speed of the Internet connection is far from always equal to the real one. These are two different concepts :). There are dozens of tests on the Internet to measure your speed. I will give below just a couple ...

Note! Before testing speed, close all applications that work with the network, otherwise the results will not be objective.

Test number 1

Try downloading a popular file using a torrent client (eg uTorrent). As a rule, a few minutes after the start of the download, you reach the maximum data transfer speed.

Test number 2

There is such a popular service on the network as http://www.speedtest.net/ (in general there are many of them, but this one is one of the leaders. I recommend it!).

To check your internet speed, just go to the site and click Begin. In a minute or two, you will see your results: ping (Ping), download speed (Download), and upload speed (Upload).

The best ways and services to determine the speed of the Internet:

That's all for me, all high speed and low ping. Good luck!

Today, the Internet is needed in every home no less than water or electricity. And in every city there are tons of companies or small firms that can provide people with access to the Internet.

The user can choose any package for using the Internet from a maximum of 100 Mbit / s to a low speed for example 512 kb / s. How do you choose the right speed and the right internet provider for yourself?

Of course, you need to choose the speed of the Internet based on what you do on the network and how much you are willing to pay per month for Internet access. From my own experience, I want to say that the speed of 15 Mbit / s is quite suitable for me as a person who works on the network. Working on the Internet, I have 2 browsers turned on, and each has 20-30 tabs open, while problems arise more from the computer side (to work with a large number of tabs, you need a lot of RAM and a powerful processor) than from the Internet speed. The only moment when you have to wait a little is the moment of the first launch of the browser, when all the tabs are loaded at the same time, but usually this takes no more than a minute.

1. What do the Internet speed values mean?

Many users confuse the Internet speed values thinking that 15Mb / s is 15 megabytes per second. In fact, 15Mb / s is 15 megabits per second, which is 8 times less than megabytes, and at the output we will get about 2 megabytes of download speed for files and pages. If you usually download movies for viewing in the size of 1500 MB, then at a speed of 15 Mbps the movie will be downloaded for 12-13 minutes.

We are watching a lot or a little of your internet speed

The speed is 512 kbps 512/8 = 64 kbps (this speed is not enough for watching online video);
The speed is 4 Mbit / s 4/8 = 0.5 MB / s or 512 kB / s (this speed is enough to watch online video in quality up to 480p);
The speed is 6 Mbit / s 6/8 = 0.75 MB / s (this speed is enough to watch online videos in quality up to 720p);
The speed is 16 Mbit / s 16/8 = 2 MB / s (this speed is enough to watch online video in quality up to 2K);
The speed is 30 Mbit / s 30/8 = 3.75 MB / s (this speed is enough to watch online video in quality up to 4K);
The speed is 60 Mbit / s 60/8 = 7.5 MB / s (this speed is enough to watch online videos in any quality);
The speed is 70 Mbit / s 60/8 = 8.75 MB / s (this speed is enough to watch online videos in any quality);
The speed is 100 Mbit / s 100/8 = 12.5 MB / s (this speed is enough to watch online videos in any quality).

Many people connecting to the Internet worry about the possibility of watching online video, let's see what kind of traffic is needed for films with different quality.

2. Internet speed required to watch online videos

And here you will find out a lot or a little of your speed for watching online videos with different quality formats.

Broadcast type	Video bitrate	Audio bitrate (stereo)	Traffic Mb / s (megabytes per second)
Ultra HD 4K	25-40 Mbps	384 kbps	from 2.6
1440p (2K)	10 Mbps	384 kbps	1,2935
1080p	8000 kbps	384 kbps	1,0435
720p	5000 kbps	384 kbps	0,6685
480p	2500 kbps	128 kbps	0,3285
360p	1000 kbps	128 kbps	0,141

We see that all the most popular formats are reproduced without problems at an Internet speed of 15 Mbps. But to watch video in 2160p (4K) format, you need at least 50-60 Mbps. but there is one BUT. I do not think that many servers will be able to distribute video of this quality while maintaining such a speed, so having connected the Internet at 100 Mbps, you can never watch online video in 4K.

3. Internet speed for online games

By connecting home Internet, every gamer wants to be 100% sure that his Internet speed will be sufficient to play his favorite game. But as it turns out, online games are not at all demanding on the speed of the Internet. Consider the speed required by popular online games:

DOTA 2 - 512 kbps
World of Warcraft - 512 kbps
GTA online - 512 kbps
World of Tanks (WoT) - 256-512 kbps.
Panzar - 512 kbps
Counter Strike - 256-512 kbps

Important! The quality of your game online is no longer dependent on the speed of the Internet, but on the quality of the channel itself. For example, if you (or your provider) get the Internet via satellite, then whatever package you use, the ping in the game will be much higher than that of a wired channel with a lower speed.

4. Why do you need the Internet more than 30 Mbps.

In exceptional cases, I might recommend using a faster connection of 50 Mbps or more. Not many will be able to provide such speed in full, the Internet to Home company is not the first year in this market and quite instills confidence, the more important is the stability of communication, and I want to believe that they are at their best here. A high speed Internet connection may be necessary when working with large amounts of data (downloading and uploading them from the network). Perhaps you are a fan of watching movies in excellent quality, or you download large-volume games every day, or upload large-volume video or work files to the Internet. To check the connection speed, you can use various online services, and to optimize the work, you need to do it.

By the way, the speed of 3 Mbps and below usually makes working on the network a little unpleasant, not all sites with online video work well, and downloading files is generally not happy.

Anyway, there is plenty to choose from on the Internet services market today. Sometimes, in addition to global providers, the Internet is offered by small-town firms, and often the level of their service is also at a height. The cost of services in such firms is, of course, much lower than that of large companies, but as a rule the coverage of such firms is quite insignificant, usually within a region or two.

Ethernet technology

Promotion "For impressions"

Number of channels: 127

Prefix - 30 rubles / month

ACTION "For friends" the subscriber can connect to himself TV, video surveillance, mobile communications and a new digital educational service Lyceum for 199 rubles. (price for each of the services) Package: home Internet 100 Mbit / s for any purpose and interactive TV with a large selection of TV channels, films and series from world and Russian film studios (package "For own" 127 channels (incl. 23 in HD) + multiscreen up to 5 devices simultaneously (smartphones, tablets, computers, Smart TVs) The subscriber must have a Tele2 or Rostelecom mobile connection.

Promotion "For impressions"

Number of channels: 127

Prefix - 30 rubles / month

ACTION "For friends"
ONT router rental without Wi-Fi 20 rubles / month

GPON technology

Promotion "For impressions"

Number of channels: 127

Prefix - 30 rubles / month

ACTION "For friends" the subscriber can connect to himself TV, video surveillance, mobile communications and a new digital educational service Lyceum for 199 rubles. (price for each of the services) Package: home Internet 100 Mbit / s for any purpose and interactive TV with a large selection of TV channels, films and series from world and Russian film studios (package "For own" 127 channels (incl. 23 in HD) + multiscreen up to 5 devices simultaneously (smartphones, tablets, computer, Smart TVs)
ONT router rental without Wi-Fi 20 rubles / month
Promotion on set-top boxes 2nd TV set-top box - rent 10 rubles / month, 3rd TV set-top box - rent 10 rubles / month.

"For impressions everywhere"

Number of channels: 160

Prefix - Free

Package tariff.

"Mobile program" "For unlimited" to a single personal account, an advance payment of 890 rubles is required within 3 days after connecting to the Rostelecom SIM card number!

"View Control".

ONT router rental without Wi-Fi and one TV set-top box is included in the tariff.

"For the family"

Wi-Fi 250 rubles / month

Number of channels: 160

Prefix - 30 rubles / month

Package tariff.

The tariff provides the opportunity to receive a discount within the framework of the promotion "Mobile program"(100% discount on the subscription fee for mobile communications, accrued in the 2nd and subsequent calendar months from the moment of connection, is provided indefinitely, subject to the conditions of the program) for the Special tariff plan of the Mobile communications service "For the family"(600 min, 20 GB, 50 SMS, it is possible to connect several SIM cards to one package at no extra charge). Connected in the CONVERGENT format: to a single personal account, an advance payment of 500 rubles is required within 3 days after connecting to the Rostelecom SIM card number (this amount can be used for various services and mobile communication options)! The bill for the Internet, TV and equipment (1170 rubles) is issued the next month after the month of connection.

, SafeKids (for 1 device) and service "View Control". Present: "Your Optimal" "Your Starter".

Promotion "Multiroom as a gift", promotional period 6 calendar months from the date of activation of the service, including the month of activation. Starting from the 7th month, the service is charged according to the current price list.
+ GIFT: 1 year of free watching TV online (101 TV channels), via the WINK application, up to 5 devices simultaneously (smartphones, tablets, computer, Smart TVs)

"For home"

Wi-Fi Free

Number of channels: 160

Prefix - Free

Package tariff.

The tariff includes Home phone(rate "Local unlimited", unlimited local telephone connections).

The tariff provides the opportunity to receive a discount within the framework of the promotion "Mobile program"(100% discount on the subscription fee for mobile communications, accrued in the 2nd and subsequent calendar months from the moment of connection, is provided indefinitely, subject to the conditions of the program) for the Special tariff plan of the Mobile communications service "For unlimited"(500 min, unlimited internet, 50 SMS). Connected in the CONVERGENT format: to a single personal account, an advance payment of 1150 rubles is required within 3 days after connecting to the Rostelecom SIM card number!

The tariff also includes the service "View Control".

GIFT: 1 year of free watching TV online (101 TV channels), via the WINK application, up to 5 devices simultaneously (smartphones, tablets, computer, Smart TVs)
"For a family" (600 min, 20 GB, 50 SMS, it is possible to connect several SIM cards to one package, 2 of them at no extra charge). Connected in the CONVERGENT format: to a single personal account, an advance payment of 500 rubles is required within 3 days after connecting to the Rostelecom SIM card number (this amount can be used for various services and mobile communication options)! The bill for the Internet, TV and equipment (1570 rubles) is issued the next month after the month of connection.

The tariff includes a video camera (installment plan 300 rubles / month for 24 months) and service "Video monitoring" with archive storage for 7 days.

The tariff also includes a subscription. Kaspersky Internet Security (for 2 devices), SafeKids (for 1 device) and service "View Control". Present: the first 2 months (including the month of connection) a TV package is provided "Your Advanced" and subscription "Your films", from the 3rd month transfer to the TV package "Your Optimal", and the subscription "Your films" turns off.

Ethernet is a technology for organizing local computer networks. The Ethernet standard defines wired connections and electrical signals at the physical layer of a network. Ethernet emerged in the mid-nineties and has become the most widespread LAN technology, replacing data transmission technologies such as Arcnet, FDDI and Token ring. Ethernet-based networks are of three types:

Technology	Standard	Description	Cable type	Used pairs	Baud rate
Ethernet	IEEE 802.3i	10Base-T	UTP Cat.3-5	2	10 Mbps
Fast Ethernet	IEEE 802.3u		UTP Cat.5 / STP Type1A		100 Mbps
Gigabit Ethernet	IEEE 802.3ab	1000Base-T	UTP Cat.5	4	1000 Mbps

To crimp a network cable, standard RJ-45 connectors are used, which, depending on the type of "twisted pair", are shielded and unshielded, as well as connectors for single-core or multicore "twisted pairs". Structurally, it is possible to distinguish composite detachable, made with inserts and monolithic. The inserts are guides for conductors and simplify cable threading, but from the point of view of reliability, they are inferior to monolithic options. The numbering of the contacts of the RJ-45 connector is shown in the figure below.

The cable is crimped using the following technology:

First, the outer insulation of the cable is stripped; you can use either special pliers or carefully remove the insulation with ordinary scissors. The required level of stripping of the cable is 1.2-1.5 cm. If the twisted pair is screened, then the grounding is not cut off, but is kept within 180 degrees in the direction of the cable. After stripping, it is necessary to separate the conductors of the `` twisted pair '' in one plane and align them in length. After this preparation, the cores are loaded into the connector and pressed. After making a power cord, you need to ring it with a tester or test it on equipment.
When organizing a network over a 100 Mbit / s channel, 2 twisted pair pairs are used and conductors 1, 2, 3 and 6 are used. When organizing a gigabit network, 4 pairs are used; all 8 cores are twisted pair.
There are two types of cables on an Ethernet network. The first type is used for direct connections (hub-switch, computer-hub) and crossover, which is used in local computer networks to directly connect two computers, without a hub. The type of cable for connecting different ports can be selected from the table below:

Hub port	What connects	Which port	Cable
Regular port	Hub / Switch	Usual	Cross
Regular port	Hub / Switch	Uplink	Straight
Regular port	LAN card		Straight
Uplink port	Hub / Switch	Usual	Straight
Uplink port	Hub / Switch	Uplink	Cross
Uplink port	LAN card		Cross

And finally, a few tips: when stripping a twisted pair and unweaving it, you do not need to go deeper. The working area should not exceed 15 mm. When laying twisted-pair cables, follow the rules for organizing low-current cable systems and remember that there are concepts such as crosstalk, bends and working length of the network. Failure to comply with the standards can lead to a decrease in signal quality, interference and destruction of the cable.

Crimping 10/100 / 1000Mbit straight network cable.

Crimping the computer-computer cable (crossover) 10 / 100Mbit.

Crimping the computer-to-computer cable (crossover) 1000Mbit.

Over the past eight years, mobile operators have been working hard to push the boundaries of 4G technology and "pull" from it the highest internet speed possible. With the introduction of the LTE Advanced standard, the improvement of smartphones and the expansion of frequency ranges, the average speed in 4G networks in developed countries first exceeded 20 Mbit per second, then 30 Mbit per second, and in the last two years, the 40-megabit line has been left behind.

However, it seems that the limit of 4G capabilities has nevertheless been reached: State of LTE reports, which are regularly compiled by the analytical company OpenSignal, show that in the leading countries in terms of the average download speed in LTE networks, the indicator has stalled in the region of 45 Mbps, and the cherished goal is at 50 Mb / s and remains unconquered. However, with the transition to the latest LTE Advanced modifications, operators will sooner or later take this height, we are convinced of OpenSignal.

In the meantime, experts note that the attention of participants in the mobile technology industry has switched from increasing the speed to increasing the availability of the LTE signal. If a few months ago, in the November report of OpenSignal it was reported that LTE communication is available to users in 90 percent of cases only in two countries of the world - in South Korea and Japan, then in the February edition, which includes data on the availability of LTE signal and average download speed in LTE networks in 88 countries of the world, including Russia, experts have already listed five such states. Norway, Hong Kong and the United States were added to the two previously mentioned, while the Netherlands and Hungary lacked only tenths of a percent to also enter this list.

LTE availability has improved not only in the top ten of the OpenSignal rankings, but also beyond. Earlier, experts counted two dozen countries in which mobile users could use 4G communication in more than 80 percent of cases, and in the new study there are already 30 of them. Thailand, Belgium, Latvia, Finland, Canada, Uruguay have joined the "80% +" club , Denmark and Croatia. In addition, of the 88 countries analyzed, 67% had LTE availability above 70%. By the way, Russia lacked less than 5 percent to enter this list: according to the latest data from OpenSignal, the result of our country was 65.08%. For comparison, in the June and November reports, the indicators of the Russian Federation were equal to 59.08 and 55.86 percent, respectively.

Among the countries in which the level of LTE availability ranges from 50 to 60 percent are the Dominican Republic, Belarus and Ireland. The least fortunate mobile users are from Ecuador, Egypt, Sri Lanka, El Salvador and Algeria, who manage to use 4G connectivity less than 50 percent of the time.

The ranking of countries by average speed of 4G mobile Internet is still topped by Singapore, but there have been some shifts in the top ten. For example, Holland moved up to the second place, pushing back South Korea, with a download speed in LTE networks of 42.12 Mb / s, and the sixth line instead of Luxembourg was taken by Belgium with 36.13 Mb / s.

South Korea has consistently followed the leader so far, but OpenSignal data suggests that the country's average LTE speed has dropped from 45.85 Mb / s to 40.44 Mb / s over the past few months. Experts interpreted the trend as the first signs of a shortage of LTE-Advanced networks in South Korea.

In addition, the top 10 includes Norway (41.20 Mb / s), Hungary (39.18 Mb / s), Australia (36.08 Mb / s), New Zealand (33.52 Mb / s), Bulgaria (33.34 Mb / s) and Denmark (33.09 Mb / s).

It is worth noting that on February 28, 2018, the Russian operator MegaFon announced the award for the fastest mobile Internet from Ookla, the world leader in Internet testing and analysis.

According to the results of measurements of the speed of Internet access by Russian users through the popular Speedtest application from Ookla for the second-third quarters of 2017, MegaFon showed the highest speeds in the country among all mobile operators. The average download speed in Moscow was 40.34 Mb / s, in St. Petersburg - 26.77 Mb / s, in Russia - 25.04 Mb / s. In a study across Russia, Ookla analyzed data from over 7,900,000 speed tests across all operators' networks from 1,200,000 LTE-enabled devices. (you can use a picture from the press release)

Although most of the countries reviewed by OpenSignal have average LTE speeds above 16.9 Mbps, many of these countries are small in size and population. Meanwhile, several densely populated countries with large mobile user bases are at the bottom of the rankings, dropping the global score. In particular, download speeds of less than 10 Mbps are recorded in Thailand, the Philippines, Indonesia, Algeria and India. The worst result is in the homeland of chess and tea - about 6 Mb / s.

45 mbps. Tariff "Forever" by Rostelecom: description. The situation at the moment

1. What do the Internet speed values ​​mean?

We are watching a lot or a little of your internet speed

2. Internet speed required to watch online videos

3. Internet speed for online games

4. Why do you need the Internet more than 30 Mbps.

1. What do the Internet speed values mean?