Why is it necessary to plow the land on a new site. Plowing the land before winter. Why do you need to do? Plowing methods of land allotment

Plowing the land is one of the most important agricultural work. When preparing the site for planting in spring or after harvesting, the land must be dug up or plowed up. This process helps to fill the soil with oxygen, remove weeds, thanks to it, snow on arable land lasts longer. You can use a shovel to dig up a vegetable garden. But this is a rather laborious work, especially if you have to cultivate large areas of land. Currently, thanks to the development of technology, this task can be facilitated by using a walk-behind tractor.

The walk-behind tractor is a versatile device. With its help, the main agricultural work is carried out: they plow the land, plant root crops, weed seedlings, huddle potatoes, harvest, mow the grass.

1 Preparation for work

Before starting work, the walk-behind tractor must be prepared. To do this, connect to it, install lug wheels, check all nodes.

1.1 Lugs

It is possible to plow a vegetable garden only by using lugs. Because the load on the walk-behind tractor when plowing the land increases several times. By using lugs, this task can be made easier. This requires:

remove the hubs and transport wheels on the walk-behind tractor;
install on the drive axle hubs designed for lugs. Such hubs are longer, so the track width will increase and the walk-behind tractor will become more stable during plowing. Connect the hubs to the shaft with pins and fix with cotter pins;
install the lugs on the hubs. Note that the tread should taper forward.

The size of the lug wheels is important, because with a small diameter there will be no necessary clearance between the gearbox and the ground, and with narrow wheels the walk-behind tractor will "drive" along the furrow. The optimal size of lug wheels: diameter - 50-60 cm, rim width - up to 20 cm. The weight of a walk-behind tractor with wheels is desirable over 70 kg. With less weight, the walk-behind tractor will slip.

1.2 Plow

The main components for plowing the land are the plow and. They should be assembled into one mechanism. After that, install it on the walk-behind tractor. There are couplings of various modifications, but it is better to use a universal one, this will ensure reliable fixation of the plow to the towbar of the walk-behind tractor and will allow precise adjustment of the plow. When connecting the plow to the hitch, the fastening nuts should not be tightened immediately so that the plow can be adjusted. The hitch with the plow and the fastening shackle of the walk-behind tractor are connected with two pins.

First of all, the tiller should be installed on supports, the height of which depends on the desired plowing depth. Stands with a height of 15 cm are needed for a plowing depth of 15-18 cm, and for 20-23 cm - the height of the stand should be 20 cm. We put the stands on a flat surface, on them - a walk-behind tractor. In this case, the plow is installed so that it touches the ground with a field board along its entire length. Make sure the plow shank is perpendicular to the ground and parallel to the inner lug edge.
Next, you need to adjust the angle of inclination of the plow heel, or field board. The distance between the share (plow nose) and the plow heel should not be more than 3 cm (matchbox size). If the field board is not adjusted, the plowing will deteriorate, the plow will dig deep into the soil, which will lead to overheating and engine stop.
In order to adjust the equipment according to the track width, it should be noted how the nose (share) of the plow is located. The right share edge and the inside edge of the right wheel must be in line. The ground will be trimmed evenly and work will be easier.

After assembly and adjustment, you should check the correctness of the work done by making a test plowing. The distance between the ridges of the previous and next furrows should be no more than 10 cm. Also, there should be no bulk of soil from one furrow to another. To do this, the right wheel of the walk-behind tractor must move in the middle of the blade of the previous furrow. A correctly adjusted walk-behind tractor works without jerks, the plow does not dig deep into the ground with a share.

1.3 Preparatory activities

For experienced plowmen, the preparatory activities can be skipped. But for those who are plowing for the first time, an orientation cord should be stretched along the initial row of the site. When plowing, the plow usually leads to the right, and it is difficult to make the row even. In this case, a stretched cord will help as a guide. The second and next rows can be plowed without additional devices, since the wheel of the walk-behind tractor will move along the furrow.

2 Plowing a plot with a walk-behind tractor

There are two ways to plow your garden.

Plowing land. They begin to work from the center of the site. On the opposite side, the walk-behind tractor is turned around, the right wheel is put in the furrow and goes back. This produces a large comb. So they move on, plowing the whole garden. The advantages of this method are that if there is still a little snow in the garden, it falls into the furrows and does not melt longer, filling the ground with moisture.
Waddle plowing. Start moving from the right edge of the plot. At the end of the row, the apparatus is distilled to the other edge and plowed again. And so they continue the whole plowing, row by row. With this method, the plow turns the soil over and covers it with fertilizer.

2.1 Starting the walk-behind tractor

Before starting work, turn on the clutch, selecting "neutral" on the gearbox, start the engine, which should warm up. The second is considered the optimal speed for processing the soil of average quality.

During the plowing process, the number of revolutions can vary. It is adjusted when the plowing depth changes or when changing to a different soil type.

2.2 Plowing the site

How to plow properly? To perform the main work, install the equipment on the edge of the field. Place the steering wheel parallel to the ground.

Bury the walk-behind tractor a little into the ground by pressing down. Move straight, holding the handles. You should not press hard on the steering wheel, just like pushing a running walk-behind tractor. The main task is to hold the steering wheel correctly so that the device does not sink deep into the soil or, on the contrary, does not rise up. Having made the first furrow, check its depth from the bottom to the ridge, which should vary from 15 to 18 cm.

If the device stops moving, and the cutters are buried in the ground, then it should be taken by the handles and brought to a level position. Side deviations may occur, especially on cultivated furrows. On loose, cultivated land, make sure that the cutters do not sink deeply, but on solid soil they make several approaches, making the first processing at low speeds.

At the end of the row, turn around and continue plowing, or move from edge to center. At the end of the work, the mechanism is cleaned, the plow is detached from the walk-behind tractor and removed until the next time.

2.3 How to plow into the collapse with a Motor Sich walk-behind tractor? (video)

Depending on the size of the plot. They are divided into three types:

A motor-cultivator or a light walk-behind tractor. Weighs up to 50 kg. Power - 3-5 horsepower. Designed for cultivating land up to 6 acres using a cutter or cultivator.
Medium walk-behind tractor. Weight - up to 100 kg. Power - up to 12 horsepower. Plows a plot of up to 120 acres with the help of.
Heavy walk-behind tractor. Power - up to 30 horsepower. It can be used to process an area of up to 2 hectares. Works with a mounted plow.

The most important work of a gardener in spring or autumn is plowing a garden plot. Many people on the farm already have for these purposes, which greatly facilitates work. Newbies may have difficulty working with this technique. How to plow with a walk-behind tractor in order to carefully and correctly plow a vegetable garden. Answers to these questions will allow you to carry out the required work with high quality.

Every farmer knows that plowing with a walk-behind tractor or a mini-tractor greatly simplifies the process. The device operates on a small amount of fuel and is quite simple to operate and use. In free time from work in the garden, the device is left in any room, it does not take up much space.

Benefits of using a plow

Using power tools to plow the field greatly simplifies farming. According to statistics, the yield almost doubles if the field is processed using specialized devices.

The following advantages of using motor plows are distinguished:

saving time and getting the best results by applying a minimum of effort;
additional loosening of the soil and subsequent fertilization using one tool;
uniform cultivation of the land and, as a result, an improvement in structural quality and condition;
saturation of the soil with moisture and oxygen;
slowing down the growth of weeds by cultivating the land.

Plowing a vegetable garden with a walk-behind tractor: preparation of equipment

How to plow with a walk-behind tractor correctly? It is quite simple if all the preparatory procedures are followed.

For effective plowing of the field, you need to choose the right walk-behind tractor. The model and dimensions directly depend on the area of the land plot, as well as the required operations. There are three main subtypes of blocks:

small;
average;
large;

Some of the most functionally simple and lightweight devices have an engine power of up to 4.5 horsepower. Their weight does not exceed 40 kg, and they cost no more than $ 300. Due to their small dimensions, they are maneuverable and easily controlled. Due to the small grip of the cutter, hard-to-reach places are easily processed.

Medium walk-behind tractor goes beyond the category of devices for treating personal areas. The presence of a rear drive allows you to work on fields up to 0.5 hectares. Their weight is from 45 kg to 65 kg, the cost does not exceed $ 600. The main functions are carried out due to the operation of an engine with a capacity of up to 12 horsepower.

Many models allow you to work the fields at different speeds, adjustable by means of a gearbox. Work in the evening is carried out thanks to the built-in headlights. One of the drawbacks is the shallow cultivation depth of up to 11 cm. This is not enough for many crops, therefore the devices are classified as amateur and not classified as professional.

The largest type of blocks used to work on fields with an area of more than 0.5 hectares. Engine power - from 10 to 30 horsepower. In addition to the trailer, a potato digger is attached. Multicultivators do not work the land as fast as a connected plow or trailer. The advantages include adjusting the steering wheel according to the growth of the farmer, reversing, and adjusting the pneumatic wheel. The devices are quite weighty in comparison with conventional models, therefore, the farmer needs appropriate physical training and experience.

Before plowing wheels with a diameter of 50-60 cm and a width of 18-20 cm are hung. It is important to observe these parameters, if the wheels are too narrow, there is a possibility that the tool will wind from side to side. An insufficient diameter will create a small distance between the soil and the gearbox. Solid rims are more likely to collect dirt in the lug ribs.

You will need a partner to attach the equipment. It will help to raise the equipment and put it on stands, at the recommended height of 15-20 cm. The edge of the share must touch the ground. The plow tine is positioned vertically and the beam is positioned horizontally. The right edge is aligned with the inner edge of the right wheel. This provides an even undercut of the ground, easy roll-off and smooth running of the walk-behind tractor. Before carrying out operations, you should check the manufacturer's instructions.

Soil preparation

A cord is pulled along the ground, which serves as a guide for further movement. It is usually installed in the first row. These rules help inexperienced plowmen to maintain a reference point, as the plow leads to the side. On the second row, the cord is removed. As a rule, a person who has already been engaged in such types of work has no problems maintaining the required distances and makes all the rows even.

Work with a land plot

After preliminary preparation, plowing begins. For less unnecessary movement, the walk-behind tractor goes along the larger side. This allows fewer turns, which saves both the worker's energy and the time spent redefining the direction of the block. The handle swivels to the left for easy movement on unplowed ground. It is important to keep the block moving at a moderate pace to prevent the motor from heating up. In case of overheating, operation is suspended until the unit cools down. It is also not recommended to push the plow.

Each field is unique and has different soil hardness. The normal quality of the soil is looseness, in which the ground is easily pierced with a metal stick to a depth of 50 cm. Solid ground hinders the movement of the plowing machine and negatively affects the serviceability and further performance of the tool. In this case, the soil is moistened with ordinary water or special solutions, and the plot is traversed twice. The first is preparatory and the second is used for plowing to full depth. In some cases, you should consolidate the result and walk a third time.

Important clarifications

Plowing with a walk-behind tractor takes place vertically, when it begins to deviate, the farmer, with his own forces, redirects in the right direction and further monitors the correct movement of the tool. To facilitate this task, the nuts are loosened in the adjusting groove and retightened when finished.

Often, walk-behind tractors are used for hilling potatoes, for which they attach other attachments - a hiller. It cuts the ground to the same depth as a plow. There are two types: regular and disk. More convenient to use - disc-shaped, but it is significantly more expensive.

The walk-behind tractor is known as a handy harvesting tool. Instead of a hiller or plow, an object is hung, which is a mixture of weeding paws and a grate. His job is to lift the ground, pick up the roots and pour the soil back so that the harvested crop remains on the surface.

A modern gardener or summer resident simply cannot do without plowing the land. The soil needs proper care, and for this she thanks a generous harvest.

Plowing the land with a tractor

The use of modern mechanized tools allows you to carry out soil cultivation much faster and easier. Forks and shovels have been replaced by efficient, modern technology.

Plowing the land with a tractor is much faster, and in the midst of spring work, as a rule, every day counts, since the soil dries out quickly after the snow melts. During this period, it is very important not to miss the processing time. Early tillage with a tractor can lead to rather unfavorable consequences - after drying, the soil will be hard and stony. Delaying the processing time will lead to evaporation and blowing out of moisture, which will negatively affect the germination of crops, since there will be a lack of moisture.

Why plow the land?

Plowing the land with a tractor is loosening in order to improve its fertility. Autumn plowing before winter is performed to saturate the soil with oxygen, ensure freezing of weeds, and also destroy the underground passages of rodents. Previously, the peasants called it winter plowing, since the land was cultivated when the first frosts came, that is, when it was freezing, so to speak. On the surface, together with clods of earth, the larvae of various pests appear, which die from the cold, and the underground passages of rodents are destroyed. In addition, loose soil absorbs moisture much better, and this will have a positive effect on fertility next season. And in order for the result to be even better, it is recommended to apply fertilizers during plowing.

In summer or spring, the land is plowed with a milling cutter with a tractor to loosen the soil before planting. The depth of arable work usually depends on the crops that will be planted in the area. Root crops require deeper plowing, but for cereal plants it is not needed.

Correct plowing of the land with a tractor will help not only to loosen the soil, but also prevent erosion processes, salinization.

Benefits of mechanized land cultivation

The advantages of tillage with a tractor include:

the possibility of processing large areas of land in a short time;
a high degree of soil saturation with oxygen;
deep processing, allowing you to turn the soil layer;
significant increase in the productivity of the work performed;
reducing the labor intensity of plowing and human efforts;
the emergence of the possibility of combining the performance of several operations, for example, plowing the land with the introduction of fertilizers into it.

Flaws

Despite the many obvious advantages of using technology, it is advisable to use the tractor not in all areas, since after mechanized plowing, harrowing is necessary. In addition, the use of technology in areas infested with weeds leads to even greater clogging, because plowing is carried out in a moldboard method and weed seeds are spread throughout the area. That is why, before using the tractor on your site, it is necessary to take into account all the above factors.

Tractor plowing services

The cost of plowing the soil depends on the geometry and area of the site, as well as the type of equipment used, be it a walk-behind tractor or a tractor. By the way, the choice of equipment for performing arable work requires some experience - the use of too heavy agricultural equipment will only, so to speak, clog the ground, while too light may not cope with the task at hand.

The plow tractor is endowed with great power, so it can be used on large land plots. It is especially profitable to plow the land with a tractor (the price per one hundred square meters is on average 1,500 rubles) if it is on a virgin land plot, that is, soil that has not been dug for many years.

Types of land cultivation

The main cultivation of the soil includes various types of plowing (plow with a blade, plowless plow, flat cutters), cultivation, harrowing.

Plowing with a tractor provides loosening with simultaneous laying of plant residues and peat, humus). For this, different plows are used, differing in the shape of the blade. Loosening, turning of the arable layer of the earth, crumbling largely depends on the shape of the plow.

When using a moldboardless plow, the soil is plowed to a depth of 30 cm without wrapping the layer. Experts recommend such deep plowing every 3 or 4 years, especially in the driest areas. This will help prevent moisture loss.

To enrich the soil with organic fertilizers in between, it is cultivated with the help of which relieves the earth of weeds, loosens the top layer of the soil, and increases productivity.

There are advantages in cultural plowing with a skimmer plow. It makes it possible to carry out separate cultivation of the upper and lower soil layers, as a result of which almost all weeds are destroyed, since all plant residues, seeds and roots are embedded deep into the plowing area.

Why do you need to plow the land at all? Such a question is necessarily asked by inexperienced gardeners, who simply do not understand that plowing the land is a process that makes the land fertile and suitable for sowing various useful plants. As it is correct, the land is plowed once or twice a year. Once, if it happens in autumn, twice, if in spring and autumn. Autumn plowing is especially important.

How does autumn plowing help to get rid of weeds?

So, how does the process of plowing the land allow practically to light up those plants that, without our knowledge, germinate in the beds every spring. Everything is quite simple and primitive. The main thing is that the plowing of the land takes place at the right time and is carried out by competent specialists who know to what depth it is possible and necessary to plow the land in a particular area.

Plowing the land in the fall saves us from weeds, because due to frosts, which necessarily come in late autumn or early winter, the damaged roots of the weeds freeze through, which means that those weeds that are frozen will no longer be able to grow again in the spring and annoy you with their presence ...

Those who regularly plow the land on their site know that this, over time, helps to almost completely get rid of harmful plants. If, of course, you plow the land annually. Of course, plowing the land once or even twice a year is much easier than going out into the garden every day to an unequal battle with weeds, because the second takes much more time and effort.

When is it necessary to carry out autumn plowing of the land?

In what time frame will it be most competent to carry out the autumn plowing of the land so that it is most effective. It is clear that this depends primarily on the region, because the temperature and other weather conditions often depend on it. However, approximately the terms of plowing the land are such that it must be carried out at the very end of autumn, after harvesting, in the most southern regions, it can of course be carried out in December.

Why not rush to pruning and carry out it, for example, in September, even if for some reason you have already managed to harvest your entire crop? Because, as a rule, weeds can still grow in the few months that remain before frost. This means that all your work on plowing the land will go to dust.

November is the ideal month for plowing plots in most regions. It is already cold enough that the weeds do not have time to grow, and even more so their seeds do not have time to ripen, but at the same time the soil is still soft enough and it is not difficult to plow it. It is very important to have time to plow the land before the air temperature at night drops below five degrees.

Plowing the land manually and mechanically, which one to choose?

Many gardeners know that it is possible to plow the land with a plow, various special devices, and also simply with a shovel in the old fashioned way. Naturally, each of these methods has both a number of advantages and disadvantages. For example, when digging up the earth with a shovel, it is absolutely certain that the fertile layer will not receive any damage, but plowing can be superficial and ineffective, and, moreover, take a lot of time. This method works well for very small areas and is completely unsuitable for large pieces of land.

Plowing the land with walk-behind tractors is very effective if your plot is at least six acres. Of the absolute advantages of this method, you can specify the digging of the earth to a depth of about twenty-five centimeters, which will allow it to saturate it with high quality oxygen, clean it from the roots of weeds, and also dig up all the underground passages of rodents so that they cannot harm your plantings next season.

The myth is that plowing the land is completely unnecessary.

On the network, the opinion of novice gardeners that it is not at all necessary to plow the land is often found. She herself can cope with oxygen saturation and other issues. This is nothing more than a myth, because even our ancestors, who began to plow the land many millennia ago, understood that only this would lead to an increase in the yield of the land. If you leave the land alone, then this, perhaps, will only lead to an increase in weed yield.

To plow the land in a dream yourself on a tractor or plow, to see it plowed and sown is one of the successful signs. Especially if you dreamed about fertile soil. Dream Interpretations say that the dreamer is in an active search for business partners, marriage. The larger the plowed field, the more chances of success there will be. Detailed answers to what arable land is dreaming of can be found in famous interpreters.

A psychologist known for his predictions, he considers why he dreams of plowing the land in two ways. His dream book claims that the soil plowed with a plow, or on a tractor, means despair from the piled mountain of work. At the same time, he urges not to lose hope of gaining a well-deserved reward and profit for their work.

Interpretations of a dream about a plowed field from a famous psychologist:

to follow the plow yourself - to a large amount of work, difficulties;
working on a tractor - there is a reason to start your own business;
to see plowmen - to the implementation of creative projects;
sowing arable land in person - to a generous reward, achieving goals.

Feel free to start your own business

If you happened to plow the land, see the arable land on which birds walk, plant plants in a dream - know that there will be no better omen for the implementation of your own project. Dream Interpretations recommend starting to embody even the most daring ideas. Long-standing expectations will come true if you dreamed that all the sowing work fell on you.

Unexpected joy, great profit, a fruitful year - exactly what you dream of plowing and harrowing virgin soil. The foretellers are unanimous here: they urge to cast aside doubts and get close to large projects.

Take care of your personal life urgently

A cornfield plowed in a dream symbolizes fertility. If a girl dreamed about her, it’s time to think about the birth of a child. Women's dream books talk about the readiness of young people to get married and start procreation. Plowing the land, walking on it barefoot - to an established intimate life.

The famous psychologist Freud draws a clear parallel between the plowed area and the genitals. He explains in detail why he dreams of digging, plowing, planting. According to his forecasts, changes in intimate life will not be long in coming. And most importantly - they will all be only in a positive direction.

When to watch out

To plow the earth and fall under it in a dream is bad. A dream means the onset of a disease. If you dreamed that you were stuck, or you just can't get out of the plowing area, be attentive to your well-being, rest more often and be in the fresh air.

Dream books predict conflicts with children for those who saw barren virgin lands in a dream and could not plow the land for a long time.