Stationary gas station device. Types and characteristics of gas stations. Dispenser check valve

Petrol stations are intended for refueling vehicles with fuel *. The filling station additionally carries out: "

Sale of oils, greases, spare parts and various accessories for cars;

Reception from owners of individual transport of used oils;

Maintenance and car wash.

The classification of gas stations according to various criteria is shown in Fig. 1.1.

Stationary stations are located in cities, towns and highways. Subdivided into stations:

With an underground location of tanks and their separation from fuel dispensers (fuel dispensers);

With an underground location of tanks and a fuel dispenser above the fuel storage unit, as a single factory product;

Refueling points located on the territory of enterprises and intended for refueling their own vehicles.

Stationary standard filling stations are divided into 200, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 car refueling per day according to their capacity, according to their capacity they are divided by the number of refueling during peak hours - 57, 100, 135 and 170 cars per hour.

During the construction of gas stations, they are used standard projects with serially produced technological systems for receiving, storing and dispensing fuel, agreed with the Main Directorate of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. It is allowed to use non-serial technological systems. The technical and operational documentation of such projects is coordinated with the territorial divisions of the State Fire Service.

Hinged group: filling islands; informational column lights; facing set of the colonnade and hinged part; a light frieze in the Customer's branded decolorization; volumetric light sign "Customer"; lighting fixtures; transitional dome between the building and the hinged group.

The filling islands are made of polished or ground of stainless steel and are used as foundations for fuel dispensers, column supports, steles and service stations to protect them from damage by vehicles.

■ a gas station building, consisting of one prefabricated module or production and service blocks. The production block includes: a central entrance; operator work area; electrical panel; pantry; service
ny exit; locksmith's room; administrator's room; service bathroom; bathroom for visitors; security room. The service block is intended for service.

Engineering systems: air conditioning; thermal curtain of the central vestibule; television surveillance.

Large filling stations have heating, lighting and ventilation systems; metering units for electricity and water consumption; sewerage and plumbing equipment, security and fire alarms; lighting control unit; fuel dispenser protection unit; speakerphone.

The amount of fuel stored at the filling station is determined based on the average refueling rate of one car (50 liters), and the number of fuel dispensers - based on the maintenance of 15 cars per hour.

To protect against fire, static electricity and stray currents, tanks are grounded and equipped with fire fuses.

Fuel is drained into underground tanks through special filters.

The pipelines are laid with a slope of 0.005 towards the tank and connected to each other using couplings or welding.

The walls and floors of the building are constructed of fire-resistant materials. Heating - water or steam low pressure... It is allowed to heat the building with closed-type fire-safe electrical devices.

The equipment of the station should provide filling of cars with a closed jet, without losses, with guaranteed purity of fuel. Dispensers are installed according to standard installation drawings. The columns are plumbed on concrete foundations and securely bolted.

Container stations (KAZS) are located on highways, tourist routes, motor vehicles, industrial and agricultural enterprises, paid parking lots, garage cooperatives, as well as in places where vehicles are concentrated. They are:

With a ground location of the tanks and the placement of the fuel dispenser in the fuel storage container, made as a single factory product, or on the same frame with the tank; ...

With ground-based storage tanks and separation of fuel dispensers and fuel storage tanks.

Two types of stations by capacity:

A - with a total storage capacity of more than 20 m 3;

B - with a total storage capacity of no more than 20 m 3.

The total capacity of tanks should not exceed 40 m 3 in settlements and 60 m 3 outside settlements.

The unit capacity of tanks (chambers of a multi-chamber tank with double partitions) in settlements should not exceed 10 m 3, and outside settlements - 20 m 3.

The capacity of the tanks of the modular station may be increased by no more than 2 times.

Typical container filling stations.

"KONEHITSAUS" (Finland).

The container contains from one to four tanks, depending on the type of fuel. The total capacity of the tanks is from 10 to 25 m 3. The frame of the container is made of pipes. The walls and roof are made of steel profile sheet with plastic coating, which provides protection against corrosion. The roof is gable or flat. On the front side of the container there is a door for passage when checking the technical condition of the tanks and measuring the fuel level.

Fuel tanks are made of sheet steel and are thermally insulated. For the convenience of stripping, they are equipped with special ladders inside. A fuel dispenser with a dispensing hose and a tap is connected to each tank. The speakers are installed on the base of the container under a canopy. .. ...

Transportation of the container to the place of installation is carried out using a trailer.

The company also produces automatic filling stations with tanks made according to the SFS-2733 standard, with a capacity of 50 m 3 (two chambers for 20 and 30 m 3). The station is equipped with two fuel dispensers of the SU-8500 ST type, mounted on the same frame with the fuel storage tank. The fuel dispensers are controlled by a microprocessor located in the control rack. The release of petroleum products is made according to cards.

In the receiving compartment there are drain pipes with couplings and a drain pump with a filter and an electric motor.

KAZS-2M (Russia).

Comprises:

Control container for the operator with fuel dispenser control panels, electrical cabinet, resting place and bathroom;

Fuel storage container with two tanks of 8.6 m 3. The container contains four fuel dispensers, a pumping device, trusses with suspended dispensers. Gas station control is remote.

Technical specifications :

Maximum throughput - 500 vehicles / day;

The total capacity of the tanks is 17.2 m 3;

Number of filling stations - 4;

Control container heating - electric;

Control container weight - 6450 kg;

Storage container weight - 6550 kg;

Gas station area with entrances - 390 m 2.

MAZ S (Russia).

Consists of one, two or three modular filling stations with an additional block-tank and a container-type operator room. Transported by motor vehicles.

It can be located on sites with difficult hydrogeological conditions (rocky soils, high groundwater levels, etc.).

The tanks are filled with a tank truck pump. Breathing device - SMDK-50 valve.

Tank capacity: modular block-point 14 m 3, block-tank 15 m 3. Weight:

block-point modular 4190 kg, block-tank 2670 kg; control room 2900 kg. Paritet-K (Russia).

Consists of two blocks of full factory readiness: a fuel storage container and a receiving well. In the technological compartment of the fuel storage container, equipment for pumping fuel and emergency emptying of the tank is installed.

Any fuel dispensers approved for operation in Russia and having a certificate of conformity can be used.

For pumping fuel, centrifugal pumps with an electric drive are used, designed for operation in an explosive area.

The tightness of double-walled tanks is controlled automatically by the working liquid level in the space between the walls. To prevent the formation of voids in the inter-wall space when the ambient temperature changes, an expansion tank equipped with a liquid level sensor is installed. The air space of the tank communicates with the atmosphere through a fire safety device.

For access to the fittings installed on the neck of the tank, the fuel storage container is equipped with a ladder and a platform with a ventilated deck that provides safe work staff.

The receiving well is connected to the pumping equipment of the fuel storage container using a double-walled pipeline. Mobile stations (PAZS).

Are mobile technological system mounted on a vehicle chassis, trailer or semi-trailer. Made as a single factory product and designed for retail fuel.

Filling stations are placed in places of concentration of vehicles, motor boats and boats, agricultural machinery in the field, on tourist routes, in the territory of stationary gas stations during the period of cleaning and repairing tanks.

Special equipment:

Tank with a filler neck;

Cabinet with counting and distributing devices;

Side drawers;

Benzoelectric unit.

The tank in most cases has an elliptical shape. An intake pipe is installed in the tank and a union with a flange is welded on top for attaching the filler neck with a hatch. There are handrails on the tank for the access of the tanker driver to the neck.

The filler neck of the tank is designed for fuel filling and production installation works inside the tank. The diameter of the manhole (652 mm) allows a person, if necessary, to freely enter the tank. Fittings for the installation of a breathing valve and a fuel level indicator are welded to the hatch body.

Counting and dispensing devices are located in a frame-type cabinet behind the tank, or on the left side along the way. In the transport position, the dispensing hoses with taps are attached to the side walls of the cabinet. The cabinet has electric lighting.

The side boxes, installed on brackets along the tank, accommodate tools, fire-fighting equipment, etc.

The fuel is delivered by a pump driven by an electric motor.

The source of electrical energy is a benzoelectric unit (Fig. 1.3). The equipment can also operate from an external power source.

Typical mobile gas stations

Model 56142

Designed for transportation, short-term storage and refueling of equipment with fuel with a density of no more than 800 kg / m 3. Designed for operation in road and climatic conditions, the base chassis of the car MA3-5337.

Technical specifications:

Basic chassis MA3-5337.

■ wheel arrangement 4x2.

Tank capacity - 11,000 liters.

Gross weight - 17650 kg.

Dispensing equipment capacity - 500 l / min.

Model 46121

It is intended for transportation and refueling of light oil products with a density not exceeding 800 kg / m 3 and is designed for operation at an air temperature from -40 to +50 ° С.

Technical specifications:

Basic chassis ZIL-4331 (diesel).

Wheel formula 4x2.

Tank capacity - 6500 liters.

Gross weight - 10700 kg.

Dispensing equipment productivity - 50 l / min.

1.2. Accommodation requirements

In relation to residential, industrial and public buildings, the gas station is located on the side of the prevailing wind direction. Placement on overpasses, under them and on watercrafts is not allowed. A general view of a stationary filling station is shown in Fig. 1.4.

The layout should exclude the possibility of accidental fuel spillage on the territory and beyond. At the entrance and exit from the territory, it is necessary to have gently sloping elevated sections with a height of at least 0.2 m or drainage trays that remove atmospheric precipitation contaminated with oil products into treatment facilities. The layout should include:

Convenient access and parking of vehicles at the pump during refueling;

Wide view of the entire territory from the operator's premises;

Rice. 1.4. General view of a stationary gas station.

Allocation of zones for green spaces;

Sanitary and hygienic conditions for plant workers;

Coordination with the general architectural composition of the microdistrict.

The location is indicated by road sign"Gas station". Gas filling stations should be installed on concreted areas, concrete slabs, in exceptional cases - on asphalt areas, providing collection of fuel in case of fuel leakage.

The minimum distances from the gas station to external objects and between its buildings and structures are taken in accordance with NPB 111-98.

The distance from the edge of the site for the AC to the ground-located technological equipment, structures of sheds and technological shafts of underground tanks should be at least 2 m. For technological shafts of underground tanks filled with non-combustible material, this distance is not standardized.

The fence must be breathable. Landscaping of the territory with shrubs and trees that emit flakes, fibrous substances or pubescent seeds during flowering is not allowed. Near the plantings of agricultural crops, through which the spread of flame (cereals, cotton, etc.) is possible, a ground cover is provided that does not spread the flame or a plowed strip of land with a width of at least 5 m.

Signs are installed about the location of a fire reservoir, water intake wells or a fire hydrant, marker signs in the presence of awnings, posters with the duties of a driver when refueling a car. - =

The area should be illuminated in accordance with existing regulations, especially where fuel is refueled and discharged. Equipped with telephone and loudspeaker communication, and measuring instruments in accordance with the "Table of equipment of the filling station with measuring instruments".

Plates are installed indicating the name of the operator on duty, working hours and the location of the nearest gas station. Each column must be marked with its serial number and the brand of the sold petroleum product.

The gas station should be located on a specially designated area agreed with the administrative authorities and the state fire control, be level and ensure the possibility of free access for vehicles for refueling in compliance with fire safety rules. The corresponding security markings are installed.

PAZS is registered with the traffic police. Stencils "Mobile gas station", "Flammable" and a sign of cargo classification are applied. On the inside of the cabinet door there is a plate indicating the brands of petroleum products sold and the technological scheme of the filling equipment. Equipment set:

Special equipment and tools;

Single set of spare parts;

Batch sample II category with a capacity of 10 liters;

Two fire extinguishers;

First aid kit;

Means for collection and elimination of spilled fuel spills.

On the territory of stationary stations it is allowed to use PAZS

only in cases of repair or cleaning of tanks.

Gas station documentation:

License for the right to operate;

Passport with the technological and electrical diagram of the station and a mark on the annual check for compliance with the real object.

The passport indicates:

Gas station number and its exact address;

Name of the plant owner and operating organization;

The size of the used land plot and the expiration date of its lease;

Additional car service services (car wash, parking lot, number of vehicle maintenance and repair posts, cafes, shops, etc.); - .. -

Reconstruction data;

Information about the used technological equipment (fuel dispensers, tanks, electrical equipment, ventilation and heating systems, treatment facilities).

When describing the fuel dispensing equipment, the number of fuel dispensers and their brand, the year of commissioning, the type of fuel sold, the number of fuel dispensing hoses (pistols) are indicated.

When describing tanks, it is indicated:

Total amount;

Number of operated (ground and buried);

Year of manufacture and date of commissioning;

Rated capacity and type of fuel;

■ total capacity of the tank farm;

Technical measures carried out for each tank (date of cleaning, leak testing, flaw detection).

The technological scheme is a scale-free scheme of the pipeline network with equipment and shut-off and control valves that ensure the implementation of all technological operations with fuel.

The electrical diagram in the passport must indicate the consumers of electricity (electric motors, lamps, heating devices, etc.), equipment (starters, switches, etc.), power lines (cables, wires, brands and their cross-sectional areas, ways of laying).

Forms and technical descriptions of fuel and oil dispensers. ■ - -

Sections of the forms must be constantly filled in during the operation of the equipment. Particular attention is paid to the mark of the ruler about the error, which is certified by the imprint of the State verification mark and the signature.

Passports and technical data sheets for tanks.

The sections of the passports contain notes on cleaning, testing for leaks, checking the high-altitude stencil, and conducting flaw detection. The base height or elevation pattern of the tanks is checked annually in summer and after renovation. The result is documented in an act (protocol).

Calibration tables for tanks.

The reservoirs are checked every 5 years. Tables are considered valid if they are approved by the Gosstandart authorities and signed by the State Certifier.

Rules for the technical operation of gas stations;

Safety and fire safety instructions;

Instructions for the operation of sewage treatment plants;

Instructions for the collection of waste oil products;

Replacement report containing information on the presence of fuel in the tanks at the beginning and end of the shift, the readings of the total meters, the flow of oil products, the level of bottom water in the tanks, the error of the dispenser, determined using the second-grade measuring devices.

Equipment repair log with information on carrying out Maintenance and repair of technological equipment and structures, meter readings before and after repair of the fuel dispenser, marks

on the removal of the seals of the State Certifier.

Maintenance and preventive maintenance schedule technological equipment and structures;

Calibration schedule of measuring instruments approved by the Gosstandart body;

electricity consumption log; register of applications for the import of petroleum products; logbook of equipment, inventory and property; job descriptions of employees; timesheet of equipment with measuring instruments; certificates of verification of measuring instruments; book (magazine) of reception and delivery of duty; book of complaints and suggestions;

A plan for the elimination of possible accidents, agreed with the fire service and the elimination committee emergencies at the administration of the district. The plan should be developed taking into account the specific conditions of activity, provide for prompt actions of personnel to prevent accidents and eliminate emergencies, and in case of their occurrence - to localize, to minimize the severity of consequences during fuel spills, fires and explosions;

Certificates of conformity for equipment and products of foreign manufacture;

Orders for the appointment of persons responsible for safe operation, labor protection, fire safety, operation of electrical installations and for opening the seals of the State Certifier;

Journal of accounting and maintenance of electrical protection equipment;

Lightning protection devices operation log.

In addition, the PAZ station must additionally have:

Job description of the tanker driver;

Form for the fuel dispensing unit;

Technical description fuel dispensing unit;

Passport and protocol for the calibration of the PAZS tank;

Passports and operating instructions for the vehicle chassis, trailer, fuel-electric unit, fuel and oil dispensing unit.

1.3. Automotive vehicles for the transportation of fuel

Automotive means of transportation are classified according to the following criteria:

base chassis type;

Type of oil product;

The patency of vehicles;

The type of carrier of the base chassis.

Base chassis type is model dependent trucks, trailers and semi-trailers.

The type of oil product is usually determined by the density, which is indicated in the passport for the tank. When transporting heavier oil products, axial loads increase, which reduces the service life of the base chassis. Underfilling of tanks when filling with a heavier oil product reduces the efficiency of their use.

By purpose, vehicles are divided into transport and refueling. Transport vehicles are intended for transportation only. Along with transportation, filling stations dispense fuels through special dispensing systems into fuel tanks of vehicles.

The parameters of tank cars are regulated by the parameters of the base chassis: carrying capacity, total permissible weight, overall dimensions, cross-country ability, etc.

According to the load on the axles of the base chassis, the tanks are divided into two groups: A - for operation on roads with capital surfaces (cement-concrete, asphalt-concrete, etc.); B - for operation on public roads.

"Table 1.1

Cross-country vehicles:

Plain;

Increased.

According to the type of the supporting element of the base chassis of the vehicle, tanks of frame and frameless structures are distinguished. The overwhelming majority of tanks are rigidly mounted on the frame of the vehicle's base chassis. To increase the payload, frameless tanks were created, which has a number of significant advantages: it allows you to change the length and base of the product; lower the center of gravity; reduce metal consumption. V recent times frameless design is used in the development of tank trailers and tank semi-trailers of large capacity.

Tank trucks are classified into three classes in terms of carrying capacity:

Small carrying capacity with full load up to 2.5 tons. They are used for transportation of fuel over short distances and delivery in small batches.

Medium-duty with payloads from 2.5 to 5 tons for mass transport and dispensing in large quantities.

Large carrying capacity with a payload of over 5 tons for the transportation of fuel to remote areas and the implementation of intercity transportation.

Symbols of the main classification features:

Base chassis type: car - A, trailer - P, semitrailer - PP;

Tank type: transport - C, refueling - TZ;

Nominal capacity in m 3;

Base chassis brand.

Examples of legend:

transport tank with a capacity of 8000 l, mounted on the chassis of the MA3-5334 - AP-8-5334:

refueling tank with a capacity of 3800 l, mounted on the chassis of a ZIL-130 vehicle - AT3-3.8-130:

transport tank with a capacity of 5600 liters, mounted on the basis of wheel travel units of the GKB-817 trailer - PP-5.6-817.

Tank cars consist of three main parts (Fig. 1.5): power plant, chassis and special equipment. The trailer and semitrailer-tank consist of elements of the supporting system and special equipment. The base chassis of trailers, semi-trailers or the tank itself with wheel travel elements are used as elements of the supporting system.

The power plant is the source of mechanical energy needed to move the tank car and drive the pump.

The chassis is a set of mechanisms that ensure the movement and control of the tank car, and elements of the supporting system, which serve to accommodate special equipment.

The special equipment of the tank car includes devices and systems that ensure the preservation of the quality of transported fuels and reduce the time and labor costs for performing loading and unloading operations:

Complete tank;

Tank filler cap, assy;

Hydraulic system with pump and process piping fittings;

A set of auxiliary equipment (instrumentation, sleeves, hoses, boxes, pencil cases);

$ th L o

Rice. 1.5. Tank car АЦ-8,7-5320. 1 - fire extinguisher; 2 - pressure head and suction hose; 3 - drainage system; 4 - rack and pinion level indicator; 5 - special electrical equipment; 6 - tank; 7 - chassis; 8 - pencil case; 9 - chain; 10 - stairs; 11 - mudguard; 12 - communications; 13 - shield; 14 - grounding device; 15 - plate.

A set of spare parts, tools and accessories (spare parts);

Fire fighting equipment set.

"In this article I will consider certain aspects of
selection, configuration, installation,
operation and features
container mobile or mini gas station "
Kolesnikov M.V.

What is a container or mobile gas station

In 2012, filling stations were removed from the control of Rostekhnadzor, which fundamentally changed the possibility of operating all types of filling stations.

At the moment, the principle of the design and operation of container gas stations is regulated only by the Ministry of Emergency Situations, but with one caveat, if the gas station is not located on the territory of a hazardous production facility(here Rostekhnadzor is additionally connected). Only the Ministry of Emergency Situations classifies different kinds stations in their main documents NPB 111-98 and in the set of rules "Car filling stations. Fire safety requirements" dated July 1, 2014

At the moment, there are many products on the market that have different names, but in fact the functions performed are the same. These include: container filling stations, mobile filling stations, fuel modules, refueling modules, etc. The Ministry of Emergency Situations subdivides and unites them as container filling stations (CFS), namely: "A container filling station is a filling station, the technological system of which is designed for refueling vehicles only with liquid motor fuel and is characterized by a ground-based arrangement of tanks and the placement of a fuel dispenser in a container for storing fuel. as a single factory product ". And I want to decipher this classification: a container filling station does not have to look like something in a container and at the same time be called a container filling station, the main thing is that it must be a single factory product. A container filling station is an open ground tank with a built-in technological compartment for a fuel dispenser, which together means a tank for storing fuel, and a tank sewn into a container, called a "fuel module" - all these are container filling stations. It doesn't matter how they are designed and named. It is important that they are as a single product.

Any design that meets these parameters and has all the necessary certificates for a single factory product must and will be classified by fire inspectors as a container filling station and nothing else. Only the customer should choose, according to the factors of further operation, how the filling station should look: sewn into a "container" or remain with an open tank (the norms do not regulate this). Calling such a petrol station "Mini petrol station" is not entirely correct, because among the specialists in this industry, "Mini petrol station" is called an ordinary traditional petrol station with one petrol island and a compact shed. It would be more correct to formulate small stations "Mini container petrol stations", and leave the name "Mini petrol stations" for traditional compact petrol stations.

Design features

Single wall or double wall tank

In accordance with the rules of the Ministry of Emergency Situations approved in the Russian Federation, the possibility of operating a gas station with a single-wall tank is very limited. Such a gas station can be operated only outside the settlement, the unit capacity should not exceed 10 m 3. Under the gas station, it is necessary to build a pallet that can accommodate the volume of possible spillage of all fuel of the gas station, which in itself will be quite expensive and reduces the possibility of mobile transfer of the gas station to another place, since it will be necessary to build a new pallet. There is no alternative to a double-walled tank for a quiet and comfortable operation of a gas filling station.

Equipment

The filling station must have its own pump for receiving fuel from the gasoline tanker with automatic shutdown when the tank is filled (it is prohibited to pump fuel into the gasoline filling station with the pump of the gasoline tanker). A system for monitoring the inter-wall space of the tank with a warning about depressurization is required. Technological compartments must be fenced off from the tank with a non-combustible (metal) partition of the first type.

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Fuel dispensers for gas stations - definition, purpose, device, operation.

Definition of the concept of a fuel dispenser.

Three-fuel fuel dispenser "Euroline"

The device of fuel dispensers.

Brief description of some units of the hydraulic circuit.

Monoblock pump Bennett (JBL 80)

The pump monoblock is the main distinctive unit of the suction-type fuel dispensers. It performs the function of a pump, supplying fuel from the tank to the dispenser, simultaneously filtering the fuel into and removing the existing air from it. It has the following characteristics, and .

Bennett Volume Meter (J100)

Dispenser check valve.

On almost all modifications of dispensers, an air indicator is located at the fuel outlet from the dispenser, which is a cavity with a window made of glass through which you can see the flow of fuel that comes out of the dispenser and monitor the presence of air in it.

Air indicator SG1 ”, made of aluminum alloy. Sight glass DN25, EN 13617-1.

Manufacturer ELAFLEX HIBY Tanktechnik GmbH & Co., Germany

Certus Dispenser Air Indicator

Dispensing hoses (fuel dispensing hoses)

Fuel dispensing hose of the Certus fuel dispenser

There are mechanical and fuel dispensing valves. Fuel dispensing valves have a body, are equipped with a control lever and have a shut-off valve.

To open the taps manually, you need to click on the special. lever arm. In direct dependence on the magnitude of the impact on the lever, the opening of the fuel valve is adjusted.

Gas dispensing (gas, LPG columns) columns.

In recent years, a large number of vehicles have been converted to use liquefied petroleum gas (LPG, liquefied gas). Today, more and more such cars appear, since gas costs for drivers much cheaper than gasoline or diesel fuel. Gas filling stations (AGFS) have become a necessary element of the infrastructure for transport. Many gas station owners seek to diversify the capabilities of their businesses and install gas dispensers on them. This device is designed to dispense gaseous fuel to the consumer (driver) from the tanks, while its volume and cost are calculated. From, they differ in a significant number of differences and features. What are the features of modern gas dispensers? Firstly, this is the type of fuel used, ordinary petrol stations are equipped only for liquid fuel (gasoline and diesel), and gas station(or CNG filling station - an automobile gas filling compressor station) has in its arsenal equipment for refueling with liquefied gas or methane. A gas dispenser and a compressor station connected to a tank with gaseous fuel are the main element of a gas station (CNG filling station), which requires periodic, certain rules.

Oil depots

Including facilities for receiving, storing and dispensing fuels and lubricants.

Petrol stations (gas stations)

Filling stations (gas stations) are used for refueling vehicles with fuel. In addition, there is:

sale of oils, greases, spare parts and various related products;
acceptance of used oils;
maintenance and car wash.

A typical gas station includes various design elements and engineering systems:

surveillance system;

heating system;

water metering unit;

sewerage;

fire alarm;

electrical equipment for fuel dispensers;

speakerphone system, etc.

For fire safety purposes, all tanks, fuel lines, equipment at gas stations must be grounded to protect against static electricity and stray currents, and are also equipped with fire fuses.

All petrol station buildings must comply with the first fire resistance group. Water heating is used. It is allowed to use closed-type fireproof electric heaters for heating a building.
must refuel cars without losing fuel, with a guaranteed degree of fuel filtration. Fuel dispensers for filling stations are installed in accordance with the installation diagrams on concrete foundations at the level and are securely fastened with bolted connections.

Reception of fuel in the tank is carried out through special filters. At the gas station, a reporting system must exist, be implemented. The fuel lines are laid with a slope of 0.005 towards the tank and connected by means of threaded connections or welding.

- one of the types of gas stations, which are mainly used on tourist routes, in large transport, industrial and agricultural enterprises. It is possible to conditionally divide gas station data into several types:

with the placement of a fuel dispenser in a container for storing fuel;
with placement separately from fuel storage tanks.

There is a division of container stations according to their capacity, which should not exceed 40 m3 within a settlement and 60 m3 outside a settlement. The capacity of a separate one within the boundaries of a settlement should not exceed 10 m3, and outside the boundaries of a settlement - 20 m3. The capacity of a modular filling station can be increased, but not more than 2 times. Other to the gas station for placement must also be observed

According to the type of installation, gas stations can be divided into stationary and. Delivery of fuels and lubricants to the gas station is made. Delivery of fuel by other means is strictly prohibited.

There are 38,000 liters of fuel below me.
This may well be enough to circumnavigate the ground 15 times in our family car.
However, here the content diverges in a day ...
But first things first.

1. I got a job as a gas station worker.
It turned out to be difficult. I had to go through several briefings alone.
Employees are given monthly classes on fire, chemical and industrial safety. Offsets and unscheduled inspections are the basis for the quiet functioning of a gas station and the life of a neighborhood nearby ..

2. Received overalls.
All non-flammable materials. To shoes - increased requirements, it will not be able to give a spark and does not deteriorate from gasoline.
The jackets, by the way, are warm, they are good in them.

3. And here is the place of today's work - the champion of the company in terms of the number of clients in Vladimir per day.
By the way, how about the prices in the regions?

4. My mentor and guide is Valery Mikhailovich, manager (read, head) of the gas station.
Strict, from the military. Can talk for hours about safety and recall unusual situations at work.

5. Gasoline is a flammable thing.
Therefore, fire safety is perhaps the most important thing.
There are several underground water reservoirs near the gas station in case of emergency.

6. Everywhere - fire extinguishers.
From small to large volume industrial.

7. Why do you think there is a hole in the floor?
The fuel truck stops here to drain fuel into the fuel storage. If an unforeseen situation occurs and part of the fuel spills onto the surface, it will go under the grate, where it will be cleaned afterwards.

8. Fuel storage.
Huge reservoirs are stored underground.
Up to 125 tons of fuel can be stored here at the same time ...

9. Here is such a personal reservoir for me at home ..
By the way, they are all double-walled. The space between the shells is filled with antifreeze, which prevents condensation when still warm gasoline is poured here in the cold.

10. Open to see.
There is practically no smell. Everything is isolated.
The flow, pressure and indicators are electronically controlled.

11. For control checks, incl. supervisory authorities, there is a long 4-meter rod - a ruler, which is used to measure the volume of stored fuel.

12. And here the hose from the fuel truck is brought directly here.
By the way, you can't pour too much into the tank - the siren will sound by 93% of the filling, and the supply will turn off at 95%.

13. While inspecting everything, a fuel truck drove up.
It seems like nothing complicated - I leaked it and that's it. But no.

14. Each filling station stores fuel samples for the last 3 days.
This stock is in case of any claims.
Such samples are taken from each arriving gasoline tanker at the filling station and there is a passport for a consignment of fuel.
The certificate for the gasoline itself is also stored here, and you can safely ask to see it.

15. While the driver is waiting, petrol station workers climb the overpass to check.

16. According to the available documents, the seals on each tank tank and on the drain holes are checked.
Seals are installed at the tank farm, where fuel is poured.

17. Opened. To the eyeballs ..
See the bar? Fuel will be poured directly under it so that it does not splash in the tank.

18. Now we take samples.
The base of the tank is lubricated with a special gel marker, which shows the water content in the fuel.
If there is water, the gel turns red like a girl in front of a gentleman.

19. The metal flask sinks to the very bottom.
The gel remained green.

20. Then the gasoline is poured into a transparent container.

21. Evaluated here appearance, the presence of possible impurities.

22. The hydrometer checks the actual density of the fuel with the one indicated in the documents.
Everything is good here.

23. Well, then the samples are poured into bottles, where they are sealed and stored for the next three days.

24. Actually, only after that there is a drain.
Yes, the process is slow.
I was distrustful of the whole procedure, hoping that usually they just drain and that's it.
However, the requirements and controls are tough. Everything is recorded, incl. video cameras. The responsibility of employees is very serious, up to and including layoffs.
So now I have no doubts.

25. While the gasoline is being drained, let's go inside.
I'll tell you a secret - I refuel at this particular gas station, because I live nearby. Honestly.
All the workers are already familiar.
There are always two operators at the checkout. 12 hours shift.
In total, there are 3 operators on duty here, a technical worker or a "pistol" and a security guard on the night shift.

26. Working with people is not easy.
Many are in a hurry, and there are simply inadequate comrades. And with everyone it should be cultured and courteous.
I felt it myself, when a man approached me with claims, saying why am I taking his hand off ...
And, unfortunately, there are abnormal situations.
Pistol not pulled out on departure - stable once a month ..
Minor accidents, forgotten keys in a locked car, drunk drivers and boors - a harsh reality ...

27. But order processing is not difficult at all.
At workplaces, touch monitors with their own software.
There is nothing incomprehensible. I sold gasoline to five.
I handed over the money to the cashier.

28. There is no opportunity to underfill or cheat. A person cannot interfere in the process.
Each column is sealed by the state supervision authorities and is periodically verified by them. Automation everywhere.
If you have any suspicions about underfilling or claims to quality - even to fuel or to the work of the operator - do not hesitate, call the hotline immediately. For each appeal, a sickly check is carried out here.

29. By the way, even the delivery of coffee is fully automatic.
You can't pour it for yourself for free - all information about orders is also centralized.

30. A few words about coffee.
The recreation area is the right thing.

31. And local donuts are my weakness ...

32. Special greetings to all those who did not have breakfast!
I was assured that the food is only fresh. The company has established storage / consumption rates, according to which everything uneaten is written off. It makes no sense to feed people with old stuff, tk. fresh food is delivered regularly.
But substandard, secretly, is transferred to the local nursery of stray animals.

33. The girls are all modest, I didn't distract them for a long time.
They still have to work and work. By the way, it is forbidden to sit down, eat, and sleep during work.
Hard. But in general, the work pays well, plus the company invests well in social Security workers - workers and excursions around Russia, and the camps for the kids are free, and of course insurance.

34. And then there will be no pictures, because I did a little tidying up the cars.
My own experience is great, so there were no problems.
The smell is pleasant, the mood is good.
And when you smile, there is always a chance to get a smile in return from the driver.

Always glad to learn something new.
Working at a gas station is not easy and very responsible. At the same time, everything is really transparent and you shouldn't worry about the contents of your tank.
The main thing is to know where to refuel))

Thank you for this opportunity to experience everything on yourself, OOO LUKOIL-Volganefteprodukt.

Petrol stations are intended for refueling vehicles with fuel *. The filling station additionally carries out: "

Sale of oils, greases, spare parts and various accessories for cars;

Reception from owners of individual transport of used oils;

Maintenance and car wash.

The classification of gas stations according to various criteria is shown in Fig. 1.1.

Stationary stations are located in cities, towns and highways. Subdivided into stations:

With an underground location of tanks and their separation from fuel dispensers (fuel dispensers);

With an underground location of tanks and a fuel dispenser above the fuel storage unit, as a single factory product;

Refueling points located on the territory of enterprises and intended for refueling their own vehicles.

During the construction of gas stations, standard designs are used with serially produced technological systems for receiving, storing and dispensing fuel, agreed with the Main Directorate of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. It is allowed to use non-serial technological systems. The technical and operational documentation of such projects is coordinated with the territorial divisions of the State Fire Service.

Filling islands are made of polished or polished stainless steel and are used as fuel dispenser bases, column supports, steles and service stations to protect them from damage by vehicles.

Engineering systems: air conditioning; thermal curtain of the central vestibule; television surveillance.

To protect against fire, static electricity and stray currents, tanks are grounded and equipped with fire fuses.

Fuel is drained into underground tanks through special filters.

The pipelines are laid with a slope of 0.005 towards the tank and connected to each other using couplings or welding.

The walls and floors of the building are constructed of fire-resistant materials. Heating - water or steam low pressure. It is allowed to heat the building with closed-type fire-safe electrical devices.

With a ground location of the tanks and the placement of the fuel dispenser in the fuel storage container, made as a single factory product, or on the same frame with the tank; ...

With ground-based storage tanks and separation of fuel dispensers and fuel storage tanks.

Two types of stations by capacity:

A - with a total storage capacity of more than 20 m 3;

B - with a total storage capacity of no more than 20 m 3.

The total capacity of tanks should not exceed 40 m 3 in settlements and 60 m 3 - outside settlements.

The unit capacity of tanks (chambers of a multi-chamber tank with double partitions) in settlements should not exceed 10 m 3, and outside settlements - 20 m 3.

The capacity of the tanks of the modular station may be increased by no more than 2 times.

Typical container filling stations.

"KONEHITSAUS" (Finland).

Transportation of the container to the place of installation is carried out using a trailer.

In the receiving compartment there are drain pipes with couplings and a drain pump with a filter and an electric motor.

KAZS-2M (Russia).

Comprises:

Control container for the operator with fuel dispenser control panels, electrical cabinet, resting place and bathroom;

Fuel storage container with two tanks of 8.6 m 3. The container contains four fuel dispensers, a pumping device, trusses with suspended dispensers. Gas station control is remote.

Technical specifications:

Maximum throughput - 500 vehicles / day;

The total capacity of the tanks is 17.2 m 3;

Number of filling stations - 4;

Control container heating - electric;

Control container weight - 6450 kg;

Storage container weight - 6550 kg;

Gas station area with entrances - 390 m 2.

MAZ S (Russia).

Consists of one, two or three modular filling stations with an additional block-tank and a container-type operator room. Transported by motor vehicles.

It can be located on sites with difficult hydrogeological conditions (rocky soils, high groundwater levels, etc.).

The tanks are filled with a tank truck pump. Breathing device - SMDK-50 valve.

Tank capacity: modular block-point 14 m 3, block-tank 15 m 3. Weight:

block-point modular 4190 kg, block-tank 2670 kg; control room 2900 kg. Paritet-K (Russia).

Any fuel dispensers approved for operation in Russia and having a certificate of conformity can be used.

For pumping fuel, centrifugal pumps with an electric drive are used, designed for operation in an explosive area.

For access to the fittings installed on the neck of the tank, the fuel storage container is equipped with a ladder and a platform with a ventilated deck, which ensures the safe work of personnel.

The receiving well is connected to the pumping equipment of the fuel storage container using a double-walled pipeline. Mobile stations (PAZS).

They are a mobile technological system installed on a car chassis, trailer or semi-trailer. Manufactured as a single factory product and intended for retail trade in fuel.

Special equipment:

Tank with a filler neck;

Cabinet with counting and distributing devices;

Side drawers;

Benzoelectric unit.

The filler neck of the tank is designed for filling fuel and performing installation work inside the tank. The diameter of the manhole (652 mm) allows a person, if necessary, to freely enter the tank. Fittings for the installation of a breathing valve and a fuel level indicator are welded to the hatch body.

The side boxes, installed on brackets along the tank, accommodate tools, fire-fighting equipment, etc.

The fuel is delivered by a pump driven by an electric motor.

The source of electrical energy is a benzoelectric unit (Fig. 1.3). The equipment can also operate from an external power source.

Typical mobile gas stations

Model 56142

Technical specifications:

Basic chassis MA3-5337.

■ wheel arrangement 4x2.

Tank capacity - 11,000 liters.

Gross weight - 17650 kg.

Dispensing equipment capacity - 500 l / min.

Model 46121

It is intended for transportation and refueling of light oil products with a density not exceeding 800 kg / m 3 and is designed for operation at an air temperature from -40 to +50 ° С.

Technical specifications:

Basic chassis ZIL-4331 (diesel).

Wheel formula 4x2.

Tank capacity - 6500 liters.

Gross weight - 10700 kg.

Dispensing equipment productivity - 50 l / min.

1.2. Accommodation requirements

Convenient access and parking of vehicles at the pump during refueling;

Wide view of the entire territory from the operator's premises;

Rice. 1.4. General view of a stationary gas station.

Allocation of zones for green spaces;

Sanitary and hygienic conditions for plant workers;

Coordination with the general architectural composition of the microdistrict.

The location is indicated by a road sign "Gas station". Gas filling stations should be installed on concreted areas, concrete slabs, in exceptional cases - on asphalt areas, providing collection of fuel in case of fuel leakage.

The minimum distances from the gas station to external objects and between its buildings and structures are taken in accordance with NPB 111-98.

Special equipment and tools;

Single set of spare parts;

Batch sample II category with a capacity of 10 liters;

Two fire extinguishers;

First aid kit;

Means for collection and elimination of spilled fuel spills.

On the territory of stationary stations it is allowed to use PAZS

only in cases of repair or cleaning of tanks.

Gas station documentation:

License for the right to operate;

Passport with the technological and electrical diagram of the station and a mark on the annual check for compliance with the real object.

The passport indicates:

Gas station number and its exact address;

Name of the plant owner and operating organization;

The size of the used land plot and the expiration date of its lease;

Additional car service services (car wash, parking lot, number of vehicle maintenance and repair posts, cafes, shops, etc.); - .. -

Reconstruction data;

Information about the used technological equipment (fuel dispensers, tanks, electrical equipment, ventilation and heating systems, treatment facilities).

When describing tanks, it is indicated:

Total amount;

Number of operated (ground and buried);

Year of manufacture and date of commissioning;

Rated capacity and type of fuel;

■ total capacity of the tank farm;

Technical measures carried out for each tank (date of cleaning, leak testing, flaw detection).

The technological scheme is a scale-free scheme of the pipeline network with equipment and shut-off and control valves that ensure the implementation of all technological operations with fuel.

Forms and technical descriptions of fuel and oil dispensers. ■ - -

Passports and technical data sheets for tanks.

Calibration tables for tanks.

The reservoirs are checked every 5 years. Tables are considered valid if they are approved by the Gosstandart authorities and signed by the State Certifier.

Rules for the technical operation of gas stations;

Safety and fire safety instructions;

Instructions for the operation of sewage treatment plants;

Instructions for the collection of waste oil products;

Equipment repair log with information on maintenance and repair of technological equipment and structures, meter readings before and after the fuel dispenser repair, marks

on the removal of the seals of the State Certifier.

Schedule of maintenance and scheduled preventive maintenance of technological equipment and structures;

Calibration schedule of measuring instruments approved by the Gosstandart body;

A plan for the elimination of possible accidents, agreed with the fire service and the emergency response committee under the district administration. The plan should be developed taking into account the specific conditions of activity, provide for prompt actions of personnel to prevent accidents and eliminate emergencies, and in case of their occurrence - to localize, to minimize the severity of consequences during fuel spills, fires and explosions;

Certificates of conformity for equipment and products of foreign manufacture;

Orders on the appointment of persons responsible for safe operation, labor protection, fire safety, operation of electrical installations and for opening the seals of the State Certifier;

Journal of accounting and maintenance of electrical protection equipment;

Lightning protection devices operation log.

In addition, the PAZ station must additionally have:

Job description of the tanker driver;

Form for the fuel dispensing unit;

Technical description of the fuel dispensing unit;

Passport and protocol for the calibration of the PAZS tank;

Passports and operating instructions for the vehicle chassis, trailer, fuel-electric unit, fuel and oil dispensing unit.

1.3. Automotive vehicles for the transportation of fuel

Automotive means of transportation are classified according to the following criteria:

base chassis type;

Type of oil product;

The patency of vehicles;

The type of carrier of the base chassis.

The base chassis type is determined by the model of trucks, trailers and semi-trailers.

The parameters of tank cars are regulated by the parameters of the base chassis: carrying capacity, total permissible weight, overall dimensions, cross-country ability, etc.

"Table 1.1

Cross-country vehicles:

Plain;

Increased.

According to the type of the supporting element of the base chassis of the vehicle, tanks of frame and frameless structures are distinguished. The overwhelming majority of tanks are rigidly mounted on the frame of the vehicle's base chassis. To increase the payload, frameless tanks were created, which has a number of significant advantages: it allows you to change the length and base of the product; lower the center of gravity; reduce metal consumption. Recently, the frameless design has been used in the development of tank trailers and large capacity tank semitrailers.

Tank trucks are classified into three classes in terms of carrying capacity:

Small carrying capacity with full load up to 2.5 tons. They are used for transportation of fuel over short distances and delivery in small batches.

Medium-duty with payloads from 2.5 to 5 tons for mass transport and dispensing in large quantities.

Large carrying capacity with a payload of over 5 tons for the transportation of fuel to remote areas and the implementation of intercity transportation.

Symbols of the main classification features:

Base chassis type: car - A, trailer - P, semitrailer - PP;

Tank type: transport - C, refueling - TZ;

Nominal capacity in m 3;

Base chassis brand.

Examples of symbols:

transport tank with a capacity of 8000 l, mounted on the chassis of the MA3-5334 - AP-8-5334:

refueling tank with a capacity of 3800 l, mounted on the chassis of a ZIL-130 vehicle - AT3-3.8-130:

transport tank with a capacity of 5600 liters, mounted on the basis of wheel travel units of the GKB-817 trailer - PP-5.6-817.

The power plant is the source of mechanical energy needed to move the tank car and drive the pump.

The chassis is a set of mechanisms that ensure the movement and control of the tank car, and elements of the supporting system, which serve to accommodate special equipment.

Complete tank;

Tank filler cap, assy;

Hydraulic system with pump and process piping fittings;

A set of auxiliary equipment (instrumentation, sleeves, hoses, boxes, pencil cases);

$ th L o

A set of spare parts, tools and accessories (spare parts);

Fire fighting equipment set.