Who can be called an entrepreneur specific examples. Examples of entrepreneurial activity in modern life. Who is an entrepreneur

In modern educational institutions the term “entrepreneur” is defined as follows: an economic entity that organizes activities for the production of products or the provision of services. For implementation, he uses his own or borrowed funds, the main goal of such a person is to make a profit.

An entrepreneur is distinguished by the following features:
- He takes part in the management of the enterprise and the formation of the initial capital;
- The entrepreneur reserves the right to use and distribute the received profit, and also makes various decisions, for example, chooses the optimal development strategy;
- The entrepreneur bears financial responsibility for the results of their activities and the work of the enterprise.

These signs are characteristic of the sphere state entrepreneurship, private enterprise has its own characteristics.

Individual entrepreneur

The concept “ Self employed"Obsolete, now the term" individual entrepreneur”. It is given the following definition: individual carrying out certain activities without education legal entity... An individual entrepreneur goes through state registration in the manner prescribed by law. All adult and capable citizens can carry out entrepreneurial activity, in exceptional cases, this right is granted to minors. Employees of municipal and state enterprises cannot become individual entrepreneurs.

Who is an entrepreneur

Any person who runs his own business or business with the aim of obtaining profit is an entrepreneur. He does not need to undergo state registration. Implementation entrepreneurial activity- a sufficient reason to call a person an entrepreneur. He can practice own business(business) or help other entrepreneurs in setting up their businesses.

Any business activity is regulated by law. If a person is engaged in such activities, but does not have the right to do so under the current legislation, he can be prosecuted.

The right to entrepreneurship is protected by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Almost everyone is free to dispose of their funds and property freely, as well as to carry out any activity of an economic nature. Therefore, any citizen periodically engaged in the resale of goods or other business activities can be called an entrepreneur.

A good example is the merchants in pre-revolutionary Russia. According to the then trade legislation, they were called entrepreneurs. A merchant is a person who is engaged in production trade deals in one's own name.

Not all countries have the concept of “entrepreneur”. The legislation of some states provides for the use of such a status as “merchant”. This is a person who makes transactions or other economic acts on his own behalf. The difference between an entrepreneur and a merchant lies only in the name, the essence of both concepts is the same.

You can give another, unofficial definition of the concept of "entrepreneur": a strong spirit, an independent person with original ideas and a huge “reserve” of enthusiasm. Even if you are a fruit dealer, you can be called an entrepreneur.

Entrepreneurship attracts many people due to the opportunity to earn money for a comfortable existence. And before starting to act, they want to look at those who are already earning and living well. Within the framework of this article, the curtain of the secrecy of self-employment will be lifted, as well as numerous examples of entrepreneurial activity.

general information

Initially, let's define what entrepreneurship is. It should be noted that there is no single interpretation accepted by all. But in order to have an idea of ​​the subject of consideration, the article will combine several of the most popular. So, entrepreneurship is an activity accompanied by great risk, which is aimed at obtaining the maximum possible profit and is a manifestation of economic freedom. Let's break it down point by point.

Details about entrepreneurship

So, if you want to engage in such activities, you must understand that:

1. Entrepreneurship is work that aims to maximize profits. This should be the focus of the efforts of both the owner of the company and its employees. Examples of entrepreneurial activity in this case are Coca-Cola, Roshen, AVK, Pepsi, McDonald's. Each of these companies has its own corporate culture that aims to prosper.

2. Entrepreneurship is work done at your own risk and peril. Moreover, they are incredibly large and can have significant consequences. Let's turn to the experience of the countries of the so-called West. Statistics show that about 80% of enterprises that are created die during the first year of their activity. And after 50 years, only 1-2% of companies remain "alive". The reason for this "pestilence" is a significant underestimation of risks.

Where can you realize yourself as an entrepreneur?

Wait a little longer, and we'll definitely talk about examples. So where can you feel like an entrepreneur? The following areas are usually distinguished:

1. Manufacturing.

2. Agriculture.

3. Commerce.

4. Finance.

5. Innovative activity.

Opportunities and Challenges

Each of these areas has its own characteristics and specifics. They have only one thing in common - it is difficult to survive here. But do not forget that people are engaged in entrepreneurship precisely because of the chance to provide themselves and their families with a comfortable existence. This is a worthy goal. And all types of entrepreneurial activity are suitable for her. Real life examples show that preparation, commitment and willingness to work are the most important.

Production

In this case, it means work on the creation of specific goods, works, and the provision of services. This view entrepreneurship is considered to be quite difficult and at the same time costly, because for the practical implementation it is necessary to have working and fixed assets, as well as employees. It is not excluded even to attract third-party organizations. An important indicator of efficiency is profitability and development plan. Examples of enterprises engaged in entrepreneurial activity in this direction are construction, machine-building companies, commercial structures of light industry, etc. Of the famous, you can go to Nike, Adidas. Less known are "Electronmash", Kharkov Tractor Plant.

Agriculture

He is engaged in the cultivation of food products. Since often there is not a lot of capital, then such a variation as farming is popular among entrepreneurs. Last but not least, the choice in favor of such a status is made due to the absence of the need to create a legal entity and the opportunity to take shape as an individual entrepreneur. Highly specialized farms are quite profitable and efficient. In the last ten years, the cultivation of exotic crops has been gaining popularity. For example, mushrooms. Moreover, it can be either ordinary champignons or something more refined and elite. Examples of entrepreneurial activity in this sector prove that there is a need for mushrooms. What are people doing who want to grow such unusual food? They find or build a closed dark room, supply it with everything they need, and start working. Moreover, if you look at the results of their activities, you can see that they do not live in poverty. Agriculture is profitable direction, because the population of the earth is constantly growing, and food is becoming more and more needed. If there is a desire to act in this direction, then you should know that the legislation distinguishes individual and family-group farms. They have their own advantages and disadvantages, and everyone chooses which is better.

Commerce

It is characterized by operations and buy / sell transactions during which goods and services are traded. On the territory of the Russian Federation, this is perhaps the most widespread type of entrepreneurship. It is attended by a large number of both small businesses and individuals. This activity requires mobility, quick adaptation to needs, because it is associated with the specific needs of the population. The entrepreneur himself is not directly involved in the production of goods, but only sells them. In this case, an example of entrepreneurial activity is the purchase of goods in the People's Republic of China with subsequent resale to the population of the Russian Federation. Moreover, it is carried out, as a rule, with a margin of 400-500%. Why is that? The point is that when commercial entrepreneurs order certain products, their consumer is the market. That is, there is no specific person who would agree to buy an item right away. Therefore, due to the likelihood of failure (no one wants it), loss (Russian Post did not deliver the parcel), low initial cost and the rate of implementation, commercial entrepreneurs form such large markups. These are the features of entrepreneurial activity in this case. Examples from world practice in general often indicate that a simple resale requires a significant increase in price. And if advertising is also carried out, then in this case its budget may exceed the cost of production in price.

Innovative activity

It is an innovative process that specializes in the creation and commercialization of technical and technological innovations. This is a particularly risky undertaking, even against the general background of entrepreneurial activity. After all, costs are required for research, conducting design work, organization of pilot production. And this is without any guarantees to get the result at all. Because of this, innovation activity remains largely the province of states. Private sector if he works on something, it is more in the bosom of practical science. Whereas, few people want to develop the theory due to the impossibility of obtaining a quick and effective result, which can be quickly translated into a commercial plane.

Where can you turn around?

IN innovation activities there are three main areas:

1. Products. Most often it occurs in the form of a radical renewal of the company's potential, which entails an increase in profit, strengthening of the occupied positions in the market, strengthening of independence, retention and acquisition of clientele.

2. Technology. Aimed at updating production potential, increasing labor productivity, as well as saving raw materials and resources.

3. Social innovation. They are used to mobilize personnel, expand recruiting potential, improve the quality of the workforce.

This activity involves going through four stages: searching for an idea with its subsequent assessment, drawing up a plan, finding the necessary resources and directly entrepreneurship. It is believed that for small businesses this is the most profitable option because it provides high flexibility and dynamism of development.

About specific companies

So they were listed different kinds entrepreneurial activity. Examples have been given, but they are few. And this needs to be corrected. So let's talk about innovation. Companies that operate in this area can often boast of notoriety. The same "Facebook", "Google", "Microsoft", "SpiceX", "Oracle" are the pioneers of mankind. They create amazing and unprecedented technologies. They are expensive. But many are wary of them. Let's take a look at Facebook and Google. The capitalization of these companies is approximately the same - at the end of the summer of 2017 it exceeded half a trillion dollars. The income is similar too - it ranges from twenty to thirty billion dollars. On the one hand, this is an example of high-quality implementation. But if you compare with enterprises in another sphere, then certain doubts may creep in.

Let's take as an example their competitor in terms of capitalization - the Walmart chain of stores. With the same assessed value it reached an annual turnover ... of $ 268 billion! Of course, the net income isn't that big. But Google, which has earned just over $ 28 billion in total revenue, has significant infrastructure, a large number of employees and various projects in which it invests. As you can see, everything is clearly ambiguous. There can be various forms of entrepreneurial activity, the examples discussed in the article give only an approximate idea of ​​the current state of affairs in the world.

Conclusion

Reading other people's success stories or answering someone's requests for examples of entrepreneurial activity is not as good as creating something worthwhile yourself. In this difficult time, when the country needs confident, organized and motivated people, it is necessary to work on important and significant aspects of our life. Here, take, for example, Agriculture... Does the reader know that the Russian Federation is quite active in the import of food? Yes, it may seem fantastic, but, alas, it is. If you want to do business, then know: now are the right opportunities for this. There are many different directions that have not been mastered, where there is a lot of work and opportunities to take a worthy place not only within one country, but also on the world stage. Of course, the path to success and prosperity will not be easy. But if you correctly assess your strengths, all the potential risks and work hard to achieve the goal, believe me, the reward will not keep you waiting. You need to show signs of entrepreneurial activity. Let us be inspired by examples of success, do not give up and go forward!

Read the text and complete assignments 21-24.

The term "entrepreneur" was coined by the French economist Richard Cantillon, who lived in the early 18th century. And since then, this word means a person who takes the risk associated with organizing a new enterprise or developing a new idea, new products or a new type of service offered to society. It is very important to understand that the words "entrepreneur" and "manager" are not synonymous ...

Often, however, characteristics such as personal risk, reaction to financial opportunities, and the desire to work long and hard, regardless of rest, i.e. anything traditionally considered a good entrepreneur does not necessarily indicate the ability of the same person to effectively run an organization as it grows larger. Some entrepreneurs may simply not have the ability or inclination to effectively execute management functions such as planning, organizing, motivating and controlling ... Therefore, it is no surprise that an outstanding entrepreneur becomes not a particularly effective manager. An organization created by an entrepreneur may even disintegrate as a result. Studies ... indicate that in practice, most new ventures in businesses fall apart, and the root cause of their failure is poor leadership, not bad ideas. If the organization is lucky, it will have a good leader at the helm before it disintegrates ...

Organizations operating in a volatile environment simply cannot wait for change and then react to it. Their leaders must think and act like entrepreneurs. The entrepreneurial manager actively seeks opportunities and deliberately takes risks to drive change and improvement. Entrepreneurship is required at every level if the organization as a whole has to operate as an entrepreneur.

Large business activities that involve significant risk to the organization require decisions that are highest level management. But these decisions are usually based on information and thoughts expressed by middle managers. If middle managers are unable or unwilling to take risks with new ideas, the entrepreneurial ability of the organization is severely limited. Leaders at all levels, even junior managers, must look for opportunities to improve the performance and effectiveness of their organization. A master who develops and implements more effective method carrying out a specific operation, in his spirit is the same entrepreneur as the head of the enterprise, who decides to invest 10 million dollars in the development of new products.

Being an entrepreneur is not easy, be it your own business or working within an established company. Organizations and societies alike strive to resist change, however rewarding it may be.

(M. Mescon, M. Albert, F. Hedouri)

Using the text, explain the difference between a manager and an entrepreneur. What functions of the manager are indicated in the text? Who do the authors call an entrepreneurial manager? Based on social science knowledge, explain the meaning of the concept of "entrepreneurship".

Explanation.

The correct answer should contain the following elements:

1) the difference:

The entrepreneur organizes the enterprise, risking his own and borrowed funds, and the manager is a hired manager;

2) manager functions:

Planning, organization, motivation and control;

3) characteristics of an enterprising manager:

He actively seeks opportunities and deliberately takes risks to drive change and improvement.

4) an explanation of the concept is given, for example:

Entrepreneurship is an activity aimed at systematic receipt profit from the use of property, the sale of goods, the performance of work or the provision of services, which is carried out independently at your own risk by a person registered in the manner prescribed by law.

The elements of the answer can be given in other, similar formulations.

Using social science knowledge and facts of social life, name and illustrate with examples any two ways to improve the efficiency of the enterprise.

Explanation.

The correct answer should indicate ways to improve the efficiency of the enterprise and provide relevant examples, for example:

1) introduction of new equipment and technologies (for example, modernization of equipment for garment production made it possible to cut more economically and get finished products faster, that is, increased productivity);

2) changes in the conditions of remuneration of employees (for example, Insurance Company In addition to the salaries of employees, it introduced a bonus part - a percentage of concluded transactions in order to increase the interest of employees in the results of work).

Other methods may be named, other examples are given

I travel all over the world lecturing on "Lean Startups" and it always surprises me that in any classroom there are people who, it would seem, should not be there. In addition to “ordinary” entrepreneurs, founders of startups, I see top managers of large companies in the hall who have been instructed to create a new venture or an innovative product. They are true masters of organizational policy: they know how to create autonomous units that carry full responsibility for profits and losses. They can protect their experimental teams from corporate interference. But what surprises me most is that these people have a vision. Like the founders of startups I have worked with for years, they see the future of their industries and are willing to take serious risks in search of new, unconventional solutions to the problems their companies face.

For example, Mark is a manager of a large corporation who came to one of my lectures. He led a newly formed division that was tasked with taking the company into the 21st century by creating a new set of products that would take full advantage of the Internet. After the lecture, he came up to me, and I began to give him the usual advice on how to create teams to develop innovations in a large company. But he interrupted me: “Yes, I read The Innovator's Dilemma. I've already done all this. "

He worked in his company for many years and was a successful manager, so internal politics was not a problem for him. He long ago learned to maneuver in its waters, navigate processes and achieve his goals.

Then I tried to give him a couple of tips for the future about the latest technologies development of innovative products. He interrupted me again: “Yes, yes. I know everything about the Internet, and I have a vision of how our company should use it. Otherwise she will die. "

Mark had it all the necessary conditions to become an entrepreneur: appropriate team structure, good workforce, vision for the future and willingness to take risks. Finally, I thought to ask why he came to me for advice. And he replied: “We seem to have all the ingredients we need: wood chips, wood, paper, matches, sometimes even sparks. But the fire doesn't light up in any way! " The point is that the management theories that Mark studied perceive innovation as a kind of "black box". They are more interested in the structures that the company must create in order to form internal startup teams. But Mark discovered that he himself was in the "black box" - and could not get out of there. Mark didn’t know what process would turn the raw ingredients of innovation into a breakthrough that would make the company successful. When the team is created, what should they do? What process should she use? What intermediate results should we focus on? These are the questions the Lean Startup methodology answers.

Where am I leading? Mark is an entrepreneur like the founder of a Silicon Valley startup, working in his garage. He, too, needs the principles of a Lean Startup, just like what I call classic entrepreneurs. People like Mark who operate in large organizations are sometimes called “internal entrepreneurs,” because creating a startup within a corporation requires special conditions. I have used Lean Startup principles across a wide variety of companies and industries and have found that in-house entrepreneurs have much more in common with the rest of the entrepreneurial community than is commonly believed. Therefore, by the term "entrepreneurship" I mean the entire "ecosystem" of a startup, regardless of company size, sector or stage of development.

This book is for all types of entrepreneurs, from young enthusiasts who have little financial resources but many great ideas, to seasoned veterans working in large companies, - such as Mark, as well as for their leaders.

People, especially independent people, have never been attracted to work as an employee. Such citizens will not sit late in the office or work in a factory in two shifts. Most likely, they will go about their own business, become entrepreneurs.

But who is an entrepreneur? Some citizens are often confused about this concept and cannot give a clear answer.

Entrepreneur concept

So in modern society the concept of "entrepreneur" has the following definition - a subject that is engaged in entrepreneurial activity. This answer can be heard in nine out of ten cases. At the same time, many do not even think about what exactly is meant by entrepreneurial activity.

Entrepreneurial activity is a type of economic activity carried out at one's own risk and aimed at obtaining benefits from the sale of products, the provision of services or the performance of work.

In other words, entrepreneurship means the implementation of activities (providing specialized advice, performing specific types of work, selling goods) in a specific area (financial, medical, socio-cultural). And all this is done with only one purpose - to receive money.

Based on the foregoing, it is possible to give a more accurate answer to the question of who an entrepreneur is. This is an entity that, at its own risk, engages in economic activities with the aim of making a profit from the sale of a product, the provision of a service or the performance of work.

Who is an entrepreneur?

If you read the concept without thinking about the meaning, you can erroneously assume that any citizen who carries out any activity receives money for it, and there is an entrepreneur. But this is not the case. Implementation economic activity- this is not a reason to call a person an entrepreneur. Indeed, in this case, you can also call it Uncle Petya from the next entrance, who, in his free time from work, helps friends with cargo transportation.

The essence of an entrepreneur is to:

• manage an enterprise or organization, form initial capital;
• use the received profit at its own discretion and make various decisions to increase or invest it;
• take full responsibility for decisions taken on doing business and be prepared for further consequences.

The above are only the main features that are characteristic of an entrepreneur. But, for example, private entrepreneurship has its own interesting nuances.

The concept of a private entrepreneur

Such a concept as "private entrepreneur" has long gone out of use. Today they say "an individual entrepreneur" - a subject that has necessarily passed state registration to carry out certain activities without the preliminary formation of a legal entity. That is, a person who has the right to do business for legal basis but did not register a legal entity.

Obtain the rights of an entrepreneur, in accordance with Art. 34 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, every adult and capable citizen of the country can. Only in some cases established by law are minors entitled to register an individual entrepreneur.

It is noteworthy that a municipal employee or employee state enterprise cannot register as an individual entrepreneur. Although in modern society this is more of a formality than a rule.

Who is an individual entrepreneur?

Many who have read about who an entrepreneur is will immediately answer that such a person is engaged in entrepreneurship. This is true. But it is necessary to supplement the proposal with the fact that a person is engaged in entrepreneurship within the framework of laws and regulations. Civil Code RF, violation of which carries criminal or administrative responsibility.

It is also necessary to understand that an individual entrepreneur is not a profession or a position, but a special legal status. Therefore, it is unlikely that there will be any clear obligations in this regard, placed in legislative acts. But still, there are some unspoken concepts about what such a person does.

Entrepreneur activities

The main activities of an entrepreneur are as follows:

• registration legal status and obtaining permission for a specific type of activity;
• conducting tax, accounting and other financial statements, timely payment of taxes;
• provision of goods, services or performance of work in accordance with the concluded agreement with suppliers, investors, customers, etc.;
• providing comfortable and safe working conditions for employees (if any);
• pay wages employees (if any).

In other words, the entrepreneur is obliged to monitor the performance of certain tasks that are necessary to obtain further profit. How this goal will be achieved, independently or with the help of employees, depends on the decisions of the business entity itself.

How to Become an Entrepreneur?

Having figured out who an entrepreneur is and what he does, many also want to get the status of an individual entrepreneur. After all, being an entrepreneur, you can not obey anyone and work for yourself. But at the same time, some people do not even suspect what is needed for this.

And to become an individual entrepreneur, you will have to:

• choose a suitable area for the implementation of the activity;
• choose one taxation system, out of two existing ones (general or simplified);
• prepare documents for state registration;
• pay the mandatory fees and receive a receipt for payment;
• go to the department tax service at the place of residence and submit the prepared documents along with the check;
• obtain a registration certificate.

You can do everything mentioned above on your own or with the help of lawyers. For example, many newbies prefer to go to experienced professionals who can handle the formalities, rather than doing it alone. This method is much more expensive, but more efficient and faster.