Requirements for the workplace of the financier. Jobs: Roman Stirskiy, financier, partner of a private investment and insurance company. Benefits of the profession of a financier

professional activity.

2 Requirements for the level of masterywork program

3.1 Approximate thematic plan

General requirements for the organization of the workplace

What requirements should the employee's workplace meet?

Employer's responsibility

Instead of a conclusion

Key findings of the study

About the Future Workforce Study

Labor protection is a primary requirement!

Indoor microclimate

Protection from the harmful effects of computer technology

Lighting requirements

Noise requirements

Providing conditions for eating

Unregulated situations

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

In short, workplace is an open or closed area of the territory or space, equipped with the necessary production facilities, within which the employee is engaged labor activity... It can also be assigned to a group of employees. Usually at the workplace, a certain part of the general production cycle.

It is logical that in order to achieve high labor productivity for him it is necessary to provide such conditions under which his efficiency will be the highest.

Important! The employer should adapt the workplace, taking into account not only the specific type of activity, qualifications, but also individual physical and psychological characteristics each employee.

These requirements are regulated by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules and Regulations (SanPiN) and other legal documents.

The main goal of organizing a workplace is to ensure high-quality and efficient performance of work in compliance with deadlines and with the full use of the equipment assigned to the employee.

To achieve this, the workplace is subject to organizational, technical, ergonomic, sanitary, hygienic and economic requirements.

The most important requirement when organizing a workplace is to ensure safe and comfortable working conditions, to prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases and accidents. This whole complex of measures is called labor protection at work.

In other words, labor protection, in fact, is a system of legislative acts in conjunction with socio-economic, organizational, technical, hygienic and treatment-and-prophylactic measures and means that ensure safe working conditions and preserve the health of employees of the enterprise.

For this, it is necessary to create favorable working conditions in accordance with sanitary standards, safety technology, ergonomics, and aesthetics.

The legislation of our country strictly regulates the temperature and humidity of the air in the room. In particular, when the average daily temperature outside is below 10 ° C, the amplitude of its fluctuations in the room should be 22-24 ° C. At a temperature external environment more than the specified value - 23-25 ° С. In case of temporary non-observance of these conditions in one direction or another, the duration of the working day is reduced (SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 of June 21, 2016 No. 81).

Since it is impossible to imagine today office work without a PC, there are standards for employees who use computer technology in their work. For example, when working with a computer with a flat-panel monitor, the workplace must have an area of at least 4.5 square meters. m, when using a picture tube monitor - 6 sq. m. After each hour of operation, the room must be ventilated (SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.1340-03 of May 30, 2003). Same regulation the height, width and depth for the legs under the work table are regulated, the obligatory presence of a footrest with a corrugated surface is stipulated.

The level of electrostatic and electromagnetic fields, radiation and ultraviolet radiation, radio frequency bands and other factors harmful to the health of employees are also regulated by the norm.

Attention! In basements, the use of copiers, printers and other office equipment is prohibited, and appropriate standards for the distance between technical means have been established for ordinary offices (SanPin 2.2.2. 1332-03).

Also, the relevant articles of SanPin establish standards for lighting. For example, the illumination in a room should be between 300 and 500 lux. When using artificial lighting, the lighting parameters should ensure the possibility of good visibility of the information issued by the personal computer screen. For local lighting, luminaires installed on work tables or specially equipped panels for vertical installation are recommended (SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.).

For the noise level, the maximum threshold is set at 80 decibels (SanPin 2.2.4. 3359-16).
Regulatory documents provide for the installation of special foundations or shock-absorbing gaskets under the main noise-generating equipment and other equipment, as well as the use of materials that absorb noise.

The procedure for eating at the workplace is governed by Article 108 Labor Code RF, SNiP 2.09.04-87:

if the number of employees is less than 10 people, a place with an area of at least 6 square meters is required. m, equipped with a dining table;
with the number of employees up to 29 people, the required area is twice as much;
if the company employs up to 200 employees, it is necessary to have a canteen;
if the number of employees exceeds 200, the canteen must be provided with raw materials or semi-finished products.

If situations arise that are not regulated by sanitary and hygienic standards (roof leaks, toilet faulty, etc.), the employee has the right to refuse to work. At the same time, the employer is obliged to offer him other employment until the problem is completely eliminated. If such a decision is impossible, according to Article 157 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the employer is obliged to declare a downtime with the payment of a penalty in the amount of at least 2/3 of the average wages employee.

Of the ergonomic requirements for the workplace, the following should be additionally noted:

The choice of a rational location of the working surface and area, taking into account the anthropometric data of a particular employee.
Provision of measures to prevent or reduce the premature fatigue of an employee, the occurrence of a stressful situation in him, taking into account the physiological, psychophysiological characteristics of a person and his character. By the way, according to psychologists, workers who constantly use electronic computers in their work are much more stressed than their less "advanced" colleagues.
Ensuring speed, safety and ease of maintenance in both normal and emergency working conditions.

Technical parameters include equipment with innovative technology, fixtures, laboratory equipment, cargo handling mechanisms, etc.

According to the requirement of Article 209 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the corresponding federal executive agency establishes the procedure for certification of workplaces in order to determine the factors affecting the safety of working conditions in production. The employer is responsible for every violation of the established legislation.

At the first violation officials and individual entrepreneurs are warned or fined from 2,000 to 5,000 rubles. The same for organizations - a warning or a fine in the amount of 50-80 thousand rubles (article 5.27.1. Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, part 1).

In case of repeated violation of part 5 of this article, more severe penalties are already provided:

officials are subject to a fine of 30-40 thousand rubles or disqualification from one to three years;
the amount of the fine for individual entrepreneurs is the same, or their activities may be administratively suspended for up to 90 days;
organizations can be fined 100-200 thousand rubles or also be subject to an administrative suspension of their activities.

According to the state of workplaces in a particular enterprise or office, one can judge not only the level of work organization and production culture in them, but also about their solidity and the degree of trust of potential and current customers in them.

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

INTRODUCTION

The main organizational form of application of systemic processing of economic information on the organizational - economic entity control is an automated control system (ACS) of various levels and purposes.

ACS is defined as a "man-machine" system, which ensures the efficient functioning of the control object, is carried out using the means of computing, peripheral and organizational technology.

The development of automated systems is characterized by the expansion of the interconnections of individual systems and subsystems that combine control technological processes, operational management, operational and current planning, administrative and economic activities, design and testing of products, etc., and tends to combine them into a common multi-level system of integrated management of the object as a whole. Such multilevel hierarchical automated systems should provide coordinated and interconnected management of all types of activities, for example, an industrial enterprise, including the management of main production and technological processes, auxiliary and non-industrial farms, etc.

1.CHARACTERISTICS AND CLASSIFICATION OF ARM

In industrial associations, at industrial enterprises, multilevel integrated automated control systems have been used. Depending on the specifics of production, the purpose of creating systems and the composition of functions, a multi-level integrated automated control system is automated, for example, a production association, may include the following components: automated system organizational management enterprises, workshops, sites (ACS), automated control systems for technological processes (ACS TP), systems computer-aided design design and technological purposes (CAD), systems automated control flexible production systems (ACS GPS), automated control systems technical training production (ACS MSW), automated research management systems (ASND), etc. These systems are both interconnected and interconnected, and relatively independent.

The first case is possible when the initial (actual) information of the ACS, CAD, ACS, GIS, ACS of solid waste are used in the ACS as input, for example, for the preparation of consolidated reporting, and the output (for example, planned) information of the ACS in these systems is used as input. Modern PC complexes used in the form of automated workstations (AWPs) of users of various levels and on which systematic processing of economic information is carried out, as well as local networks that are created within the enterprise, constitute the technical basis of an automated enterprise management system (ACS). AWP is a workplace for the personnel of the automated control system, which equipment is a means of ensuring the participation of a person in the implementation of their functions as a specialist or functions of an automated control system.

The workstation is classified according to the following main features: * by functional orientation - workstation of technical and auxiliary personnel, workstation of a specialist, workstation of a manager, etc .; * according to the level of PC use - workstation at the lower level, workstation at the middle level, workstation at the highest level; * according to the form of organization of workers on a PC - individual and group, one-part and bagato-part; * on other grounds. For conditions under which the system processing of information is carried out not only in a comprehensive manner, but also in the rhythm of production, and management is purposeful and efficient thanks to new information (paperless) technologies, the most promising and effective would be such a structural approach to the construction of an automated control system, in which the basis of this system will be make up complexes of AWP, which is a resource-insensitive association (material, labor, financial, as well as fixed assets and finished products).

Such an approach to the organization of the system of AWP complexes in the conditions of the automated control system will allow: * to ensure the interconnection of the processes of collecting and processing information horizontally (between structural units) at each level, for each subject area - a resource-free subsystem; * promptly and comprehensively ensure, for each subsystem and at all levels (vertically), solutions to functional management issues (standardization and regulation, planning, accounting and control, reporting, exismic analysis and adoption management decisions) for all types of production; * promptly inform managers and specialists of different levels of reliable and complete information on the state of resources, especially priority ones in production management, as well as on the processes and operations taking place at the enterprise and in its structural links; solve the problem of timely automated generation of reliable production results economic activity the enterprise as a whole, as well as obtaining consolidated financial indicators for the formation of established reporting for different periods of time.

2. PRACTICAL APPLICATION AND FUNCTIONS OF ARM

In practical terms, the system of AWP complexes at an enterprise can have such a structure that will form the technical basis for operational and automated production management at a high quality level. Workstation complex for production, release and shipment management finished products includes the following main AWPs: * a lower-level link - AWP of the master of production operations (it is also for collecting and processing data on the production of workers - pieceworkers), AWP of the warehouse manager and (or) storekeeper; * middle-level link - workstation of an accountant, workstation of a norm setter, workstation of a manager; * a top-level link - a senior accountant's workstation according to summary indicators, a planner's workstation, a manager's workstation. * middle-level link - workstation of an accountant, workstation of a technologist, workstation of a manager; * the highest level link - the workstation of the planner, the workstation of the manager.

The AWS complex for material resources management includes the following main AWPs: * lower level link - AWP of the head of the staff and (or) storekeeper; * the middle-level link - the workstation of the accountant, the workstation of the economist, the workstation of the normalizer, the workstation of the manager; * top-level link - AWP of the senior accountant according to summary indicators, AWP of the planner, AWP of the head. The complex of AWP for personnel management includes the following main AWPs: * link of the lower level - AWP of the master for collecting and processing data on production, AWP of timekeeper, personnel officer; * link of the middle level - AWP of an accountant, AWP of a rate setter, AWP of a manager; * top-level link - AWP of the senior accountant according to summary indicators, AWP of the planner, AWP of the manager, AWP of the economist. Automated workstation complex for control financial resources includes the following main AWPs: * the link of the lower level - the automated workplace of the cashier and bank settlements; * middle-level link - workstation of an accountant, workstation of an economist, workstation of a planner, workstation of a manager; * top-level link - AWP of the senior accountant according to summary indicators, AWP of the planner, AWP of the economist, AWP of the manager. When creating a system of complexes of workstations of various levels, it must be borne in mind that the number of PCs at one or another link (workplace) depends entirely on the amount of information collected on this workstation, the timing of its processing and the frequency of its issuance to users.

Therefore, it is allowed that one PC is used by several users, but each of them must use his own floppy disk. The mode of work of these AWPs is not the same. If the AWPs of the lower level link usually work in the rhythm of production, that is, when a production - economic operation is performed and information about it is recorded in the PC, then the AWPs of the senior links work in a more "free" or sparing mode.

3. INFORMATION SUPPLYAWP

The information support of the system of AWP complexes provides for the organization of such an information base that would regulate information communications, provide all AWPs with the necessary data, etc. The distributed database provides such a fragmentation of it into semi-bases located on separate workstations; ease of access to any of which half-base, taking into account authorized access; high performance of data manipulation, etc. The structure of information support should ensure the minimum moderation of data, the convenience of organizing the archive, etc. It should be noted that the formation of distributed databases, which are completed with conditionally constant information, in multi-level integrated ACS is carried out gradually, in a continuous process, by accumulating data. For example, the marketing service determines the list of products in demand on the market and enters this data into the corresponding PC in the specified database. Designers, developing the structure and composition of these products, use the specified information and enrich it with new ones. Technologists, in turn, use the information that has been accumulated earlier in the database, supplement it with technological (in operational terms) and normative, etc. All this accumulated conditional - constant information is then used in the automation of primary accounting, adding to it only new data that determine WHO and HOW MUCH did it (see clause 2.1). Thus, the continuity of the production cycle (marketing service - design development- technological preparation - production - accounting - shipment of products - settlements with customers) is fully reflected in the information system.

Workstation software consists of general or system, functional or application software, which also includes mathematical software as an independent part. Generic or system software includes an operating system and applications that extend it, software dialogue mode, etc. This type of software is designed to control the operation of the processor; organizations for access to memory, peripherals and networks; arrays; launching and execution processes of application programs, including those in different languages (BASIC, Pascal, etc.).

Functional or application software is intended for automatic solution of functional tasks in object management, including optimization, forecasting, hemstitch planning and control, imaging modeling, etc. Additional software tools are characterized by a wide range of applications and mass production. Known are the most popular programs that are used for: * word processing system - SUPER STAR, WORD STAR; * machine (LIZA DRAW) and business (LIZA GRAGH) graphics systems; * databases (d BASE III PLUS, LOTUS); * systems of tabular input and data processing (VisiCalc, SUPERCALC).

System processing of accounting information on a PC can be implemented in the operating system MS DOS version 3.3 and higher. The programming languages are the data manipulation languages of the DBMS FoxBASE, CLIPPER and others. A complex of dialog (interactive) software tools, which are organized in the form of dialog systems that provide a "menu" (for choosing one of many actions), "filling in a template" (for entering formatted information in the form of tables), "question - answer" (for purposeful finding a solution to management processes), etc. The structural system of AWP complexes is combined in the form of global or local networks, in which microcomputers, personal computers, terminals and other peripheral interconnection devices "are connected by means of channels both among themselves and with one or more medium or large computers.

At industrial enterprises, local networks are used, which ensure the interconnection of a large number of personal computers located at a distance of up to 2 km from each other, installed directly in the field, where information is generated, collected, processed and used in order to automate production management. Topological structures of networks are of the following main types: centralized, decentralized, ring, radial - ring, etc. Based on the main functions of local networks (data exchange between users and systems, solving functional tasks, entering and retrieving information from a database, etc.), they at the logical level include a working, terminal, administrative, interface and communication system. Working system must implement information processes associated with the organization, storage, retrieval and computational processing of data. The terminal system organizes the consumption of information resources by managing the operation of terminal equipment, preparing user tasks, and also provides a connection to the point for retrieving data from technological equipment.

The administrative system manages the processes of functioning of the information computer network, which includes accounting for the operation of the main elements of the network, the accumulation of statistical data, the issuance of various certificates and reports on the operation of the network, control over the diagnosis of network faults, etc. The interface system implements functions related to the transformation of the control procedure and information transmitted to the conditions of interaction with other networks or non-standard subscriber systems. The communication system is focused on the performance of functions associated with the provision of interaction between all systems that control data flows, their routing and communication. In the system of complexes of the automated workstation of the enterprise, in which the PC is connected local area network, information flows between users or processes are organized in a fundamentally different way. For example, actual information about the movement of material assets in a warehouse is generated on the automated workstation of the warehouse manager (a link at the lower level). Then it is automatically (according to the regulatory information of managers and specialists of various levels) transmitted to the appropriate users. So, data on the receipt of material assets at the warehouse are transferred to the rhythm of production: * to the workstation of the accountant of material assets (middle level link) to control the accuracy and accuracy of the posting of these materials in the warehouse, as well as to generate data on the procurement of material assets (including identification of the difference in prices between suppliers and enterprises), settlements with suppliers, etc .; * at the AWP for economists of the logistics department (middle level link) to control the implementation of contractual deliveries by suppliers and other operations; * at the workstation of the head of the logistics department (middle-level link), and in some cases at the workstation of the head (top-level link), who is responsible for providing this production resource as a whole, for making decisions, especially on the deficient nomenclature of material values; * at the workstation of the senior accountant (link of the highest level) for the construction of data on material assets in different aspects of the enterprise as a whole. Thus, using the AWP complexes and their networks with the use of new information technology, it is possible to organize systematic processing of economic information both at the management object as a whole and at its structural links.

However, PEOM, united by communications, can be effectively used to process information not only at the given control objects, but also within its limits.

The study of this discipline in combination with other academic disciplines forms the professional knowledge of economists in the specialty "Finance and Credit". As a result of studying the discipline, the student must:

Have an idea:

On the concept of information, methods of its storage and processing;

Principles of operation and basic capabilities of computers;

Standard software for automating your professional activities.

Know:

Functions of universal programs that can be used in the automation of financial and economic activity;

Methods for Obtaining Information on Usage Issues production assets, short-term lending, organization of non-cash payments and determine the possibility of their improvement using modern information technologies;

The order of the automation of economic activity at the enterprise.

Be able to:

To navigate the information and computer technology market;

To identify reserves for increasing labor efficiency through the use of modern information technologies;

In accordance with the curricula for the specialty 080105 "Finance and Credit", approved on April 24, 2008, the time allotted for the study of the discipline (Table 1) is:

Table 1 - The amount of time allotted for the study of the discipline
"Automated workstation of the financier"

Table 2 - Distribution of study time

Topic
	including
Uch. busy.

Section No.I. Use of universal software tools for automationfinancier work
Topic number 1. Application of MS Excel spreadsheets in the activities of a financier
Section No.II. Legal reference systems(THX).
Topic № 2. The use of legal reference systems in the work of a financier.
Section No.III... Seizing opportunities « 1C:Company8 .2 » for the work of a financier
Topic № 3. Setting the parameters of the program "1C: Enterprise 8.2". Accounting for funds and settlements with accountable persons.
TOPIC № 4. Accounting for banking operations in the program "1C: Enterprise 8.2". Organization bank accounts. Payment order. Payment claim. Bank statements: receipt to the current account, debiting from the current account. Client-bank: loading and unloading data. Specialized programs Client-Bank. Foreign exchange operations: exchange rates, buying and selling foreign currency. TOPIC № 5. Accounting for settlements with counterparties and trading operations in the program "1C: Enterprise 8.2". Principles of settlements with counterparties. Setting up accounting accounts with counterparties. Accounting for advances. Calculations in foreign currency. Calculations in conventional units. Correction of counterparties' debt. Reconciliation of settlements with counterparties. Inventory of settlements with counterparties. Wholesale. Operations with containers. Commission trading... Agency services. Retail. Inventory control. TOPIC № 6. Accounting for wages and personnel records in the program "1C: Enterprise 8.2". Personnel accounting. Payroll. Features of personal income tax accounting. Payment of wages. Payroll accounting in an external program. Features and capabilities of specialized programs that automate personnel records and payroll. TOPIC № 7. Use of information generated in the section "Center crisis management"Program" 1C: Enterprise 8.2 ", for the work of a financier. Generation of reports: "Dynamics of customer debt", "Dynamics of debt to suppliers", "Income and expenses (profit / loss)", "Customer debt". Use of information from the reports "Debt of buyers by debt maturity", "Debt to suppliers", "Debt to suppliers by maturity of debt", "Working capital", "Sales" in the activities of the manager. TOPIC № 8. Application of information from standard reports and regulated reports generated in "1C: Enterprise 8.2" in the work of a financier. List of regulated reports. Deciphering the indicators of regulated reports. Printing of regulated reports. Principles of formation of tax and accounting reports. Decoding of individual indicators. 4 Educational and methodological support of the discipline 4.1 List of basic literature 1. Information systems in economics: a textbook for students studying in the specialty "Finance and credit", "Accounting, analysis and audit" and specialties of economics and management / ed. ... - M .: UNITI-DANA, 2008 .-- 463 p. 2. Kirillov, enterprise management systems: tutorial/. - Samara, 2008 .-- 60 p. 3. Emelyanov, systems in economics: textbook. manual /,. - M .: INFRA-M, 2006. 6. Classification of information systems used in financial activities. 7. Purpose and principles of creating an automated workstation (AWP). 8. The structure and functions of the AWP of the financier. 9. Use of information generated in automated accounting systems for the implementation of management functions. 10. The essence of the structural components of the financier's AWP. 11. Technical support of the financier's AWP. 12. Informational support of the AWP of the financier. 13. Software AWP of the financier. 14. The essence and classification of software (software). 15. Applied software and tendencies of its development. 16. A brief overview of specialized software for automating the activities of a financier. 17. Classification of existing software for the automation of certain functions of the financier. 29. a brief description of existing software for financial analysis, their classification. 30. Criteria for choosing software for financial analysis. 4.4.2 Options for tests by discipline Option 1. 1. The main source of information to be included in the information banks of the Consultant Plus system are: 1.the authorities and management on the basis of agreements on information exchange, 2. official sources of publication, 3. any media; 4. employees of the authorities and administration on the basis of personal contacts. 2. A new document is included in the information banks of the Consultant Plus system: 1. By entering the electronic version of the document received from the source of information, without additional verification, 2. After checking the electronic version for spelling errors, made using a special program, and making the appropriate corrections, 3. After multiple manual and electronic verification of the electronic version with a certified paper copy of the document or with its official publication and correction of inconsistencies existing in the electronic version as compared to the paper one,

Automated workstation (AWP) is defined as a set of information, software and hardware resources that provide the user with data processing and automation of management functions in a specific subject area.

Many known AWPs can be classified on the basis of the following generalized features:

Functional scope ( scientific activity, design, production and technological processes, organizational management);

The type of computer used (micro, mini, macro computer);

Operating mode (individual, group, network);

User qualifications (professional and non-professional).

A more detailed classification can be carried out within each of the selected AWP groups. For example, AWPs of organizational management can be divided into AWPs for heads of organizations and departments, planners, employees of material and technical supplies, accountants, etc. Conventionally, all these AWPs can be called AWPs - an economist.

AWP always has a problem-professional orientation and allows the user to transfer to a computer the execution of typical repetitive operations related to the accumulation, systematization, storage, search, processing, protection and transmission of data.

The technological support of the AWS includes the following types of support: organizational, technical, informational, mathematical, software, linguistic, legal and ergonomic.

Organizational support is formed by a set of documents regulating the activities of specialists when using the AWP in accordance with their official duties.

Technical support AWP is intended for the direct execution of all operations within the framework of the IT used, while guaranteeing the processing of specified volumes of data at the required point in time. In addition, technical support is the basis for the implementation of reliable data exchange both in local and global computer networks. The main part of the technical support of the automated workplace is made up of universal personal computers.

Information Support AWP is focused on supporting the features of structuring the data used that are familiar to users, allowing quick search, entering necessary changes, preparation of documents and reports.

Linguistic support combines a set of linguistic tools for the formalization of a natural language, the construction and combination of information units, focused in general on the effective implementation of the user interface.

Mathematical software is a set of mathematical methods, models and algorithms that provide data processing to obtain the required results. The software includes tools for modeling control processes, methods for optimizing the processes under study and decision-making. It serves as the basis for the development of specialized software.

Software (software) is formed by a set of programs that allow you to organize the solution of problems on a computer. In interaction with technical means, it directly ensures the solution of problems, while using both system and special (applied) software. The basis of the system software for workstations for various purposes is usually made up of the OS of the Windows family. In most cases, the specific specialization of the AWP is set by functionally oriented software packages. Re-profiling of AWP for another subject area is carried out, as a rule, by changing the composition of the applied software. Traditionally, the use of an integrated MS Office software package as a general-purpose application software, usually as part of a Word editor, Excel spreadsheets, an Access DBMS, a presentation preparation system Power point, the mail program Outlook Express.

The workstation-economist software includes information base management tools that provide:

Creation and updating of the information base;

Searches for the required information on regulated and non-regulated requests;

Organization of formatted input-output of information;

Computational processing, etc.

A relational model is often used to represent data in an infobase. Along with relational DBMS, table processors are used. In this case, the input and output data and reference data are presented in the form of tables, the algorithmization is reduced to the construction of a model for calculating the indicators of output documents (PPP Excel). This group also includes integrated ISMS (Works), which implement the functions of table processors, DBMS, text editors, generators of output documents (PPP SIMPHJNY, LOTUS).

In the workstation-economist, it is necessary to provide the issuance of information in graphic form for a comprehensive analysis economic indicators... Graphs can have two-dimensional (flat) and three-dimensional (volumetric) presentation. With the help of graphic means, the planning (marking) of the screen area is carried out, the display of graphic elements on the screen in the form of a line, point, segment, rectangle, ellipse, hatching of graphic elements using the required colors, font selection, etc.

Ensuring the information security of the workstation (regulation of access to resources, anti-virus protection, backup, encryption, electronic digital signature and etc.).

Legal support is a set of legal norms governing legal relations in the creation and operation of IP and IT.

Ergonomic support is formed by a set of methods and tools designed to create optimal conditions for high-quality, highly efficient and error-free user activity. Focusing on the issues of compliance with ergonomic requirements when designing workstations and compliance with sanitary standards when working with them is due to the long-term work of users at computers, which can potentially lead to eye diseases, disorders of the musculoskeletal system, skin diseases, increased allergic reactions, stress situations, etc. ...

For the workstation of an economist, special software is needed, which is used to solve economic problems that are part of complex multifunctional decision support systems.

Such AWPs are mainly focused on a user who is unfamiliar with programming and are designed to solve specific problems.

The automated workstation of an economist allows you to solve the following tasks:

· analysis financial condition enterprises;

· Formation of reporting and verification of its completeness, correctness and reliability;

· Analysis of stability and profitability, liquidity indicators, business activity, etc .;

· Analysis of the dynamics of key indicators, identification of trends and forecasting of the state of the enterprise;

· Analysis of the degree of influence of certain factors on the state of the enterprise;

· Comparison of financial indicators of the enterprise with indicators of other similar enterprises or with the average industry indicators.

Equipping specialists with such automated workstations makes it possible to increase the productivity of office workers, reduce their number and at the same time hang the speed of processing economic information and its reliability, which is necessary for effective planning and management.

The main task of modern information technology financial management is the timely provision of reliable, in the required amount of information to specialists and managers for making informed management decisions.

Modern applied informatics provides consumers of applied information products with means (tools) for more convenient and efficient performance of their duties.

To obtain a consolidated picture of the financial and economic activities of the enterprise, without which it is impossible to make rational management decisions, financial, economic and management software products are used. These products are used to implement, in particular, the following tasks:

- automation of accounting;

- automation management accounting, the purpose of which is to collect data and present them in a form convenient for enterprise managers who use them to make management decisions;

- automation of financial analysis of the enterprise;

- organizing the planning process and receiving reports on the implementation of enterprise plans (in particular, for setting up a budgeting system at the enterprise).

Question number 13. Office - as an information system, office automation technology, electronic office;

Office as an information system.

Of all types of technologies, information technology in the management sphere makes the highest demands on the human factor, having a fundamental impact on the qualifications of a specialist, the content of his work, physical and mental stress, professional prospects and level social relations... Optimal information technology with high flexibility, mobility and adaptability to external influences is an indispensable condition for increasing the efficiency of managerial work in any office.

In office management systems, the share of information presented on paper has recently decreased due to intensive development:

modern technologies work with documents;
means of automated input of documents (including handwritten ones) into a computer;
textual and even graphic types of document processing, allowing you to easily and quickly make changes to them;
electronic transportation systems;
access to reference information through databases, etc.

The main condition for the successful professional activity of an office worker is the ability to use computer information processing tools. Since during automation there is a redistribution of labor from areas of activity that require lower qualifications in areas that require higher qualifications, only the development of a huge technological potential creates the prerequisites for an absolute increase in labor productivity.

TO office tasks include the following: office work, management, control of management, reporting, information retrieval, entering and updating information, scheduling, information exchange between office departments, between enterprise offices and between enterprises. The tasks listed above perform a number of standard standard procedures, namely:

processing of incoming and outgoing information (reading and answering letters, writing reports, circulars and other documentation, which may also include pictures and diagrams);
collection and subsequent analysis of data (reporting for certain periods of time for different departments in accordance with different selection criteria);
storage of received information (quick access to information and search for necessary data).

The solution of the listed tasks requires the fulfillment of the following conditions:

work between performers must be coordinated;
the movement of documents should be optimized as much as possible;
the possibility of interaction between divisions within the office and offices within the framework of the association should be provided.

With the help of AITU (automated information management technologies), at least three critical milestones processing and use of office information; 1) accounting; 2) analysis; 3) decision making.

Offices, the main type of product of which is information (documents), include office and accounting divisions, Insurance companies, pension funds, publishing houses, advertising companies, banks, design bureaus, consulting firms, tax services etc. The work of performers in such offices is associated with significant emotional overload due to the monotony of work and great psychological stress.

Various top-level management structures, dispatching services, sales offices are mainly engaged in the development of decisions. At the same time, an intuitive, subjective approach and, to a large extent, the collective nature of labor with high level business communications. For each subject area, the individual features of the business decision-making process are retained.

Electronic office

Solving management problems and making decisions imply the widespread use of automated information technologies, in other words, work in electronic office. To the extent of the possibility of transition to work in the electronic office, there are:

electronic data processing using personal computers, that is, without revising the methodology and organization of management processes, data processing is carried out with the solution of individual economic problems;
automation management activities;
computing facilities, including supercomputers and personal computers, used for complex solution functional tasks, the formation of regular reporting and work in the information and reference mode for the preparation of management decisions. This also includes automated information technologies for decision-making support, which provide for the widespread use of economic and mathematical methods, models and application packages for analytical work and forecasting, drawing up business plans, justified assessments and conclusions on the studied processes and phenomena of industrial and economic practice. ...

This group also includes the currently widely implemented automated information technologies, which have received the name electronic office and expert decision support, which are oriented:

to use the latest achievements in the field of integration of the latest approaches to automating the work of specialists and managers;
creation of the most favorable conditions for the performance of professional functions;
high quality and timely information service due to a full automated set of management procedures implemented in a specific workplace and office as a whole.

Electronic office is called a software and hardware complex designed to process documents and automate the work of users in control systems. The electronic office includes the following hardware:

one or more personal computers, possibly connected to a network (local or global, depending on the type of office activity);
printing devices;
means of copying documents;
modem (if the computer is connected to a global network or a geographically remote computer);
scanners used for automatic input of text and graphic information direct primary documents;
streamers designed to create archives on mini-cassettes on magnetic tape;
projection equipment for presentations.

Defining an electronic office as a set of specialists, computing and other equipment, mathematical methods and models, intellectual products and their descriptions, as well as the methods and order of interaction of these components, organized to achieve a common goal, it should be emphasized that the main link and managing subject in the electronic office are specialists. However, modern specialists working in a computer environment differ from those who worked ten years ago, when the technology of centralized information processing in computer centers was predominant.

First of all, in the conditions of the functioning of modern information technologies, there is no clear distinction between the economist-user of the system, the task manager, the operator, the programmer, the representative of the maintenance staff, as it was before. Moreover, until recently, the insurmountable wall between the developer and the user of AITU has collapsed. Currently, there are ready-made software tools that allow the method of interpretation to quickly develop their own software-oriented products - application software packages. For this you need to be, first of all, a good specialist in their field and to a lesser extent proficiency in programming. To help the user, an object-oriented approach is increasingly being introduced, which allows a specialist to work with the same types of primary documents as before the introduction of AITU.

Question number 14. A puzzling approach to building IS;

Currently, there are two approaches to building information systems: task-based and process-based. These approaches reflect different views on the management system of an enterprise, organization, corporation, office.

The first approach, which historically appeared earlier, is based on a functional model of enterprise management, reflecting the performance of employees of their official duties in accordance with the goals and functions of management. In the structure of such ISs, there are: 1) the functional part, reflecting the goals and objectives of management, and 2) the supporting part, containing the means of solving problems (Fig. 3.1).

In accordance with this approach, an information system is created as a tool designed to automate management functions, typical of which are forecasting, planning, accounting, analysis, regulation. To implement one function or part of it, functional subsystems are created, for example, planning, accounting, finance, operational management, etc. Functional subsystems consist of complexes of functional tasks - for example, an administrative management subsystem can consist of the following complexes: economic planning, personnel management, etc.

The IS functions as follows. At the entrance to the services of the management apparatus (production department, financial department, sales department, etc.), data are received from the external environment and from the management object, where they are checked, analyzed, corrected and, in accordance with the management goals, are sent to the IS.

Direct communication provides the transfer of the initial data first to the functional subsystems, where the corresponding functional task is solved. The results of the solution are transmitted to the indicators of direct communication to the control object (workshops, warehouses, services, etc.).

Feedback, reflecting the actual state of the control object, together with information received from the external environment, is sent to the control apparatus. Information about partners, competitors, prices, suppliers, consumers of finished products, etc. comes from the external environment.

The supporting part of the IS consists of information, software, hardware, organizational support, etc.

Rice. 3.1.The structure and scheme of functioning of the IS, oriented to the task-by-task approach

Each of the subsystems consists of tasks. For example, the "Property" subsystem contains the following tasks:

Formation and maintenance of the register of municipal property;

Accounting for rent: formation of contracts for the lease of premises and accounting of payments;

Reporting: balance sheet,

Drawing up a list of debtors, etc.

If this approach to the creation of information systems is used at industrial enterprise, then the subsystems will be: Production, Planning, Sales, etc.,

In functional task information systems, applied (special) software is widely used, which is a set of programs developed when creating a specific information system.

It includes applied software packages (APPs) that implement the developed models of varying degrees of adequacy, reflecting the functioning of a real object.

Information support is a structured set of all management documents and their machine carriers used to automate management. Software is a set of programs, descriptions, and instructions for creating and debugging programs and solving problems. The software consists of two parts: general (general system software and general application software) and special (special system and special application). Technical support is understood as a set of computers connected to a network, network equipment and communication channels.

With a task-based approach to IS management, there is nothing more than a set of interconnected AWPs serving various levels of management. The structure of the AWP network reflects in most cases the organizational structure of the enterprise management.

However, the task-oriented approach to management has a number of disadvantages, among which, first of all, we can name: 1) blurring, and sometimes lack of responsibility at various stages of production and sales of products for the final result of management; 2) the complexity of linking all the functions of production and management into a single technology, etc.

Question number 15. Process approach to building IS;

What can be bad (and is it always bad) functional task structure of an information system? It reflects the hierarchical distribution of responsibility and accountability for the work performed.

As a result - the disunity of departments, in which each department is for itself and is not always interested in overall results work, strive to increase their own value by increasing their budget.

It is difficult to provide a manager with a complete picture of the financial and production state of the enterprise with a problematic information system.

Conflicts appear between employees of different departments.

Where is the exit? - Separating production and other processes from managers and integrating them into business processes.

This approach to the creation of information systems is known as a process approach. One of the forms of its implementation are ERP-systems (ERP - Enterprise Resources Planning - enterprise resource planning).

With the process approach, the management of end-to-end business processes is carried out not by individual structural divisions of the enterprise. Processes link together the activities of several structural units that produce a specific final product or a service.

Under business process means a set of actions, the implementation of which allows you to obtain the final result (product or service). Therefore, the most important step in creating an IS based on this approach- the selection of business processes, which are divided into the following classes: main, auxiliary, accompanying.

The main business processes are processes that create the main thing for which an enterprise (product, service) exists. In most cases, they reflect product output and service to end users, procurement, manufacturing, sales of end products, after-sales services, etc.

The main business processes, as a rule, correspond to management activities: planning, accounting, warehouse processes, marketing, financial activities, etc.

Associated business processes are processes designed to support the life of the main and auxiliary processes. For example, staffing processes, legal support, etc.

Business processes consist of business operations performed using an automated workplace. Each business process is characterized by a definite beginning and end in time, an interface with other processes, a sequence of business operations, as well as the owner of the business process, i.e. the person who is responsible for its implementation. Their isolation and their linking make it possible to obtain a unified multi-level business model of the enterprise, which is understood as a structured graphical description of the network of processes and operations associated with documents, information flows and organizational prescriptions. Such an information network reflects the activities of the structural divisions of the enterprise.

Modeling business processes is a sequential reflection of all business operations. For example, the process of purchasing materials consists of receiving an invoice, paying for it, receiving materials on an invoice and posting them to the warehouse. Most of the auxiliary business processes consist of such operations (Fig. 3.2). Business process management is called business engineering.

The organization of business processes is contrary to the standard hierarchical management structure, since it requires the unification of employees from different departments.

Therefore, the process approach in organizing the functional part is focused on the matrix structure of the organization's management, which is a lattice management system.

The principle of double subordination of performers is implemented: the immediate head of the functional service and the head of the business process.

Typically, a business process manager interacts with two subordinate groups: permanent and temporary.

The process approach to management changes the structure of IP. The functional part does not disappear, but takes the form of business processes, which are supported, as before, by the supporting subsystems.

Forward and backward connections as well as inputs and outputs remain the same. The difference is that the functional part is not a set of tasks, but a set of business processes. Their automation is carried out on the basis of AWP. At the same time, specialists from various services are involved in a certain business process. For example, the Manufacturing business process is served by specialists from manufacturing, finance and other departments.

The supporting part, as before, provides the means for the functioning of the AWP: service technical means, provision of internal and external information, modification of outdated programs, etc.

Rice. 2.4.The structure and scheme of functioning of the IS oriented to the process approach

Research over the past 30 years has shown that productivity gains through the use of information technology are very rare. The main reason is that new information technologies are often mirror images of previous methods and processes. This realization led to the emergence of a new direction in the field of management - reengineering of business processes, which means the improvement or improvement of an existing business process through the use of information technology with a parallel fundamental rethinking and radical reorientation business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in important indicators (increasing productivity, improving quality, reducing costs).

Practice shows that at many enterprises business processes can be automated by various special application programs. Management personnel need information on the state of all business processes. In order to introduce end-to-end management of all business processes, it is necessary to link them into a single chain. For this purpose, special technologies have been developed, known as “workflow” technologies. (Workflow). Technologies of this kind allow:

1) uniformly describe business processes based on well-known international standards;

2) integrate various software systems. Accumulation of business processes using technology Workflow allows you to control the progress of all processes as a whole.

In order to be able to reproduce business processes as a whole, it is necessary to describe them in one of the commonly used notations in accordance with international standards. Currently, apart from others (for example, standards IDEF) one of the methods for representing business processes is widely used, called data flow diagram (DFD) (DFD - Data Flow Diagrams). It can be used to reproduce the functions and connections between real processes and objects, data and their relationships, the behavior of the system.

Data streams can be bidirectional if the process not only consumes data, but also replenishes (refreshes) it.

The business process model consists of nested diagrams of various generalities (general and detailed). Data flow diagrams contain processes, sources and sinks of information. First, a context (general) diagram is created. Consider an example that describes the business process of an enterprise - a supplier of semi-finished products. The company carries out intermediary functions between the customer and the manufacturer.

The top-level diagram is transformed into a detailed one (Fig. 3.6). The process “Processing orders” is detailed, resulting in two processes: “Checking the correctness of orders” and “Placing orders”. After verification, orders are placed in some pending order store until a group of orders is collected into a general order.

Announced the results of the Future Workforce Study, a joint study with Intel, which examines trends in the technological equipment of modern workplaces and their impact on employee performance. According to a published report, almost half of the employees surveyed are convinced that their employers are ineffectively taking advantage of modern technology.

The study, conducted by research firm PSB, surveyed about 4,000 full-time employees from small, medium and large organizations in 10 countries. The results of the study as a whole showed that until now the main asset of any organization, including financial institutions, remains personnel. However, the opportunities for unlocking the potential of employees are limited by the possibilities of employees' workplaces.

Technology has revolutionized the way we interact with each other in the workplace

Among the respondents, many do not believe that the technological equipment of their workplace will change over the next five years, and believe that the personal devices they use at work do not respond. modern requirements... Employees of companies have high hopes for their employer in terms of equipping their workplaces with technological innovations - after all, the company that can equip employees with modern technologies earlier than others, will increase staff productivity and loyalty, and also strengthen the position of its HR brand, which will allow hiring best employees on the market.

Technology has fundamentally changed the way we interact with each other in the workplace. Many respondents believe that face-to-face meetings will soon become part of history. In some countries of the study, up to 67% of people born in the 2000s agreed with this - the "millennial generation." Employees expect innovative technologies such as the Internet of Things and a virtual reality will become an integral part of the workflow, increasing productivity and quality of interaction.

For companies, the introduction of modern technologies and equipping the workforce with last word technology plays a critical role in the success

“More and more modern employees expect close integration from the employer the latest technologies into their day-to-day workflows, '' commented PJ Dwyer, Vice President of Client Solutions Europe, Middle East and Africa, Dell. achievements in order to improve your productivity. And while change may seem daunting to some employees, for companies, embedding modern technology and equipping the workforce with the latest technology is critical to their success. ”

The workplace is dominated by desktop computers (74% versus 48% of laptop use) and landlines (71% versus 46% for smartphones). For private use, employees prefer laptops (72%) and tablets (53%) to desktops (50%), for communication they use a smartphone more often (83%) than a dedicated line (52%).

Less than one in five employees are satisfied with the technical equipment of their workplace.

Most of the working time is “eaten away” by problems with technologies in the workplace (such as slow, unreliable and often failing equipment) - up to 46% of respondents agree with this.

Remote work is seen as an increase in the comfort of life and a way to increase productivity, in which case technological equipment plays an important role. The ability to work remotely has already had a significant impact on people's lifestyles: 95% of those surveyed in Germany who work remotely, and 87% of those in the UK said teleworking makes them happy. This opportunity allowed people to change their lifestyles, which in turn influenced workflow and preferences. For these reasons, employers should consider offering their employees more freedom in choosing where they can work. Employees are aware that the ability to work remotely requires the introduction of new technologies and information security tools. Respondents in Europe and South Africa cited advanced corporate data protection as the most important technology required for implementation in the workplace.
Virtual reality and augmented reality can start to affect the workflow faster than we think. In Europe and South Africa, 61% of those surveyed expressed a desire to use these technologies in their work. The largest number of respondents believe that these technologies can be used to teach new skills in virtual environments as close to real ones as possible (25%), solve complex problems or generate new ideas through 3D visualization (18%) and product presentations to customers (15% ). In addition, more than half of those surveyed in Europe and South Africa (52%) believe that artificial intelligence can make work easier.
The study also made it possible to understand that the technological equipment of the workplace affects the effectiveness of hiring and retention of employees. In Germany, 79% of millennial respondents who surveyed said that the availability of modern technology in the workplace makes it easier for them to fulfill their responsibilities. Therefore, it is not surprising that, in the absence of the necessary technologies, many employees are inclined to change jobs (in France, this was stated by half of the respondents in this age group). In Europe and South Africa, respondents also stated that the technological equipment of their future workplace influences their decision to work for a particular company. In France, 86% of millennial respondents said this.

Form of study

Term
learning

Total hours by discipline

including

classroom
occupations

Lectures

Practical

general secondary (complete) education

secondary vocational education

The Future Workforce Study was commissioned by Dell and Intel by PSB. The study surveyed 3,801 full-time employees (working at least 35 hours a week) of small, medium and large organizations in 10 countries (USA, UK, France, Germany, Japan, Brazil, China, India, Canada and South Africa) working in seven industries (education, power structures, finance, healthcare, manufacturing, media and entertainment, retail). The survey was conducted from April 5 to May 3, 2016. For more information