Features of the work of an architect. Psychological characteristics of the stages of the formation of professional creativity. The demand for the profession of an architect

First, you need to make sure you understand correctly who an architect is and what his responsibilities are. An architect is a specialist who carries out architectural design, including the development of space-planning and interior solutions. Architectural design is the organization of the architectural environment, the design of buildings and, including the development of interior and space-planning solutions.

To become an architecture student, you need to have certain personal qualities.

Creative skills. Of course, the ability to draw beautifully, paint pictures and hatch with a pencil is what a person entering the Faculty of Architecture should be able to do. However, it is important that this skill is not only on redrawing other people's work and copying photographs. An architect is a creator. He should be able to see the unusual in ordinary things, process them in his head and throw them out on paper. Pencils, paints, markers are just tools. A person who studied at an art school will learn, however, as practice shows, self-taught people also have a chance to achieve success if they try and listen to the comments of the teachers.

Developed spatial thinking. Very important quality. Spatial thinking is a type of mental activity in which spatial images are created that help in solving practical and theoretical tasks... The architecture student will have to study challenging disciplines such as descriptive geometry, statics, and structural engineering. The ability to think spatially, abstractly is not given to everyone, therefore, if a future student does not have such an ability, then the subjects listed above will become a real test for him. Fortunately, this quality (if it is even slightly present) can be developed.

Responsibility, vigilance. It is simply impossible for an architecture student, and in the future a specialist, to be negligent and irresponsible. This process requires care, because any mistake can lead to the destruction of the building with consequences, injuries and even death of people.

Hard work, perseverance. A lazy person simply does not make an architect. The bummer will fly out of the university after the first session. Not only that, an architecture student must be prepared to work on projects and other assignments day and night. If for representatives of other specialties such a routine is relevant during the session, then it should be noted that architecture students work in such a rhythm throughout the academic year.

Organizational skills help the student to distribute all the load evenly and avoid sleepless nights and the state of "half-zombie" during the session.

Originality, resourcefulness, creativity differentiate the student architecture from other majors. An architect must be able to look at many things differently than other people, must be able to find extraordinary solutions and cope with tasks using ingenuity and originality.

Sense of harmony, taste and style necessary qualities creative personality... Projects and other art works will simply be uninteresting and boring, and in the worst case, tasteless and unaesthetic.

Observation. An important trait inherent in any creator. To create something new, you need to be attentive to what already exists. An architect should notice everything beautiful around him, try to recycle it and use it in his ideas.

Good memory will not hurt any student, but the representatives of the architectural faculty especially need this quality. An architect must be a savvy person from all sides, he must have a broad outlook. To design buildings and structures for various purposes, an architect must understand many industries.

Sociability- a trait necessary for any modern specialist. An architect must be able to work both independently and in a team. An architecture student needs communication skills in order to be able to communicate with his classmates, senior students and teachers, an architect specialist - in order to be able to talk with a customer, find a common language with colleagues.

Punctuality, tact - these qualities are, in principle, pluses for any person, especially for an architect.

The profession "architect" is suitable for those who have the above qualities and skills. The profession is interesting, responsible, requires attention, perseverance and diligence, but very interesting and exciting. Many architecture students, despite the difficulties of their studies, are very glad that they have chosen this particular profession.

Structure representing major subsystems professional activity architect, should be complemented by the structure of his professional development... To identify it, a comprehensive account of the totality of factors influencing the formation and development of an architect is necessary. A complex of such external and internal factors consists of four main groups - socio-economic, socio-psychological, educational and design and production factors, and a number of additional - national, regional factors, social status, prestige of the profession, etc.

The appropriation of professional activity under the influence of formative factors is carried out in two directions: the development and formation of professional individuality (“subjectivation”), that is, “materialization” in the subject of a complex of special knowledge, skills and abilities, and the development and formation of personality (“professional socialization "), that is, familiarizing the future architect with the socio-cultural experience of the profession and society as a whole, developing a complex of qualities in it that contribute to the development of professional identity, social and creative activity. The unity of “socialization” and “subjectivation” means a harmonious combination of the personal and individual development of an architect, since an architect as an individual is characterized by the assertion of himself as a professional specialist, and a personality architect is characterized by a willingness to overcome professional stereotypes, to self-development and development of the profession.

The possibility for an individual to become a person and the discrepancy between the development of personal and individual aspects of professional activity are associated with the fact that this development occurs in various structures: professional specialization (individual, more precisely, "individual" development) is currently carried out mainly in the formalized structures of the profession, while the architect how a person is formed in the non-formalized structures of sociocultural and social activity.

Thus, highlighting the "formal" and "informal" structures in the process of the development of the architect, let us consider how they are reflected in the stages of the development process. At the stage of formation and formation, the subject is consistently introduced to professional and socio-cultural experience, included in the appropriate communication systems as a result of specially organized training. At the stage of development and improvement, on the basis of the previously acquired professional experience, further professionalization and the formation of a creative individuality take place, as well as the assertion of oneself as a socially and professionally significant person. At the same time, the stage of formation-formation to a greater extent reflects the spatial-temporal formation of the architect (development levels), and the stage of development-improvement - the qualitative states of the architect (his social and professional types).

In the holistic process of the formation of the above professional characteristics, pre-professional and professional periods. Considering the pre-professional period associated with some forms of pre-university training (schools, studios, etc.), it is necessary to highlight it highest level - categorization, meaning a psychological transition from the most general undifferentiated (and often incorrect) ideas about the future profession to a professional focus on mastering the structure of professional activity.

The period of professionalization associated with the university form of training is a period of extensive purposeful development, the development of activities. We distinguish three main levels of professionalization: subject, theoretical and practical, on each of which a certain set of professional characteristics is formed and naturally transformed, which are necessary for solving a range of professional tasks specific to each level.

Considering the process of mastering an activity as a process of interiorization of its external objective form and exteriorization of the internal potentials of the existing possibilities, we note that on initial stages teaching external objective activity is not so much a means of objectifying the content of an individual's mental activity, as the starting point for the formation of a system of professional characteristics. This is the basic role of the “subject” level of professionalization.

The assimilation of the characteristics of objective activity (its visual and logical-semantic means) creates the basis for the formation of a complex of characteristics of ideal actions, in connection with which we can talk about the formation of the foundations of architectural thinking.

At this time, the initial introduction of the individual to the socio-cultural context of the profession takes place - a complex of value orientations, motives, needs is formed. Elementary professional characteristics are formed in the form of a system of initial concepts and concepts, and their implementation at this stage is possible only in forms that reproduce professionally significant analogues and samples.

The next level of professionalization - "theoretical" reflects the results of interiorization - the formation of an internal plan of action in the forms and methods of professional thinking and activity. This formation as a process and result of mastering the content of professional activity is carried out, as a rule, in "artificial" conditions of purposeful training, reflecting the most characteristic project situations, due to which the main frame of professional characteristics is formed, a professionally defined type of thinking and normatively specified methods of activity are developed. The limit of this level of development is the potential ability to perform professional activities.

The basics of sociocultural activity, mastered at a given level of development, especially in modern conditions, are associated with the orientation of the future architect to research activities, but in fact, in the current conditions, this side of the activity does not go beyond the reproductive.

The next level of professionalization - "practical" is characterized as the most significant in the creative biography of the architect, since here potential opportunities are formed for the transition to a qualitatively different stage of mastering the activities of professional development. During this period, the core of a mature personality of a specialist is formed, formed by an emerging hierarchy of values. These characteristics later become primary, activating, in turn, the development professional qualities and abilities.

Depending on a more or less pronounced attitude towards professional development, reflecting the individual characteristics of a specialist, one can speak either about further progress, ensuring the transition to a new level of development, or about the stabilization of professional development. However, even in this case, the potential for deepening and improving the existing professional qualities remains.

The second stage in the course of professional development - improvement - is associated not so much with an even higher degree of development of professional characteristics, as with the formation of the individual and personal orientation of the architect's work. Conventionally, two levels can be distinguished here: individualization and mastery. Individualization level at this stage, it is characterized by the "folding" of the knowledge and methods acquired and, accordingly, the enlargement of complexes of professional characteristics, the establishment of systemic connections between them, which provides the possibility of developing categorical foundations of an individual "handwriting", style of activity. Intense creative self-determination stimulates the formation of the ability to manage their own and industrial relations in a variety of professional situations, which creates the basis for the development of organizational and managerial qualities of activity.

At this level, certain types of activity begin to take shape, which are characterized by a pronounced specialization of both social and production functions.

The most important feature of this or that type of architect is the dominance of certain qualities associated with initiative and the attitude towards professional leadership in the chosen field of activity. Professional characteristics at this level are organized into functional complexes that provide the architect with the ability to operate with larger blocks (units) of professional thinking and are necessary condition creative activity. Personal and professional characteristics common for a given level of development receive concrete and specific implementation in the activities of architects of different types.

Next level - skill level- determines the highest degree of professionalism, when the architect is equally proficient in the art of creation, organization, management and scientific analysis, that is, he combines all the variety of types of professional individualization, the selected characteristics are associated with a pronounced personal orientation and "personification" of the architect's creativity and accordingly - with its less dependence, "detachment" from the external conditions of activity. At this level, a system of internal principles of creativity, personal professional culture, serving as the categorical basis of true creative freedom. The famous Soviet architect I. V. Zholtovsky once emphasized that the freedom of a true master “is given as a result of long and hard work and ... is conditioned not only by technical skills, but above all by the wealth of internal content, deep knowledge, high cultural level and mature outlook ”(154, vol. 1, p. 34].

Naturally, architectural design as an activity that has developed, so to speak, "has become" in its structure and mechanisms of regulation, is qualitatively different from its "prototype" - educational design - the leading, profiling discipline in the training of a professional architect. But it is on the psychologically sound organization of educational design that the future significantly depends creative potential architect. Therefore, the psychological and pedagogical study of the patterns of transformation of educational design into the professional creativity of the architect, the study of the psychological prerequisites and conditions for the formation of the creative method of the architect, the analysis of fixed assets project activities student architecture seem to be significant and relevant not only for the development of psychological theory vocational training in high school and psychological and pedagogical science in general, but also for the practical improvement of architectural education.

Description of the profession

Architect (from Greek) - the main builder, architect.

The work of the architect determines what houses people will live in, how cities will be built, whether roads will be laid correctly, etc. There is an opinion that there is more responsibility in the profession of an architect than in the profession of a doctor, because the mistakes of an architect will be visible to other people even after a lot years old. But, on the other hand, behind this responsibility lies an interesting and exciting work, which gives colossal opportunities to leave your mark in history, to create a masterpiece of architectural creativity.

In ancient times, the architect was the main builder and was responsible for the entire construction process. Today, the architect is only engaged in the initial stage of the construction technological chain. A modern architect develops a building project in the form of drawings or a model, according to which the designer performs calculations, and the foreman carries out the construction. The idea and concept of the object being built depends on the architect, therefore, the profession of an architect is creative, requiring both developed imagination and imaginative thinking, and painstaking work. The leading activity of an architect is the creation of an artistic image and its embodiment on a Whatman paper or in a computer program. Also, architects translate the wishes of customers into real and technically feasible requirements and well-thought-out principles for the implementation of these requirements.

Profession benefits

High social status, intellectual work, professional development opportunities.

Occupational restrictions

High responsibility, long-term specialization.

Field of activity

Development of new and optimization of existing planning solutions the environment necessary for the normal functioning of a person: from an apartment to a city.

Development of layouts and plans settlements, district and quarterly city planning.

Selection of design and materials for special albums for construction, so that all dimensions, bindings, calculations are observed, and at the same time the artistic intention of the architect would not be affected.

Design of residential, public and industrial facilities (factories, houses, kindergartens, schools, etc.).

Reconstruction, restoration of old cities, architectural monuments. Landscape organization (creation of parks, squares, recreation areas, children's and sports grounds, car parks, etc.).

Design of railways, highways and highways, pedestrian roads.

Creation of small architectural forms (benches, gazebos, playgrounds, urns, fountains, decorative stele elements).

Development of projects for industrial enterprises.

Interior design of residential and public buildings, organization of internal space.

Coloristics and development of solutions for the color organization of the landscape and objects, depending on the functional, climatic, historical and cultural characteristics.

In some cases, architects are directly involved in the coordination and approval of projects in special bodies in charge of construction. First of all, this concerns cases of work with objects recognized as architectural monuments.

Competencies

Knowledge of mathematics (descriptive geometry), drawing, computer science, design; ISO; construction and development regulatory requirements; fundamentals of architecture and design; design methods and technical and economic calculations; technical, artistic, environmental and other requirements for the designed facilities; specifics of the conditions for the implementation of projects, as well as advanced domestic and overseas experience design and construction; types and properties building materials and designs; environmental protection requirements; standards and technical conditions development and execution of design and estimate documentation; technologies for construction and operation of facilities.

The architect must be able to: carry out drawings, draw, work with computer programs that allow for three-dimensional design of objects (for example, AutoCAD and 3D Studio MAX), work with programs that allow you to work with two-dimensional graphics (CorelDraw, PhotoShop, etc.), develop the architectural and construction part of projects based on architectural science, urban planning and the practice of using tools automation and design, prepare technical assignments for the development of the project, to exercise field supervision over the construction of projected facilities, etc.

Necessary personal qualities

Logical thinking, attentiveness, inclination to work with information, mathematical ability, inclination to creative work.

Mastering related areas

A professional architect can master related specializations, such as a restorer, designer, constructor, civil engineer.

Organizing your own business, managerial career

In this case, a person can start leading a group of architects, lead development projects, lead a company, an architectural bureau, etc. When this direction career growth it is recommended to develop entrepreneurial skills, master such professions as an entrepreneur, project manager.

Related professions

Designer, restorer, civil engineer.

An architect is a specialist in the design and construction of buildings.

This is an engineer, programmer and artist all rolled into one. People of this profession dream of building palaces, and in real life design shops and residential buildings. Architects design interiors and work on building layouts.

The main goal of the profession is to obtain a safe, original and unique architectural structure in which the area will be effectively used.

The position has several types in accordance with the type of activity:

lead project architect- manages the construction process;
landscaping architect- prepares projects for household plots, gardens and parks, creating a unique design.
urban planner- designs urban areas or large complexes, develops urban planning documentation and master plans for settlements;
restorer of architecture- revive architectural monuments;
chief architect of a city or district- a civil servant who develops local regulatory documents and monitors its implementation in terms of urban planning;
historian (theorist) of architecture- is engaged in scientific or teaching activities in terms of architectural construction.

Architect- creates interesting ideas, develops project documentation and and carries out construction drawings. Supervises the implementation of the project at the author's level.

History of the profession

The profession of an architect is very ancient and originates from the construction of temples, palaces and fortresses. Imhotep is considered the first famous architect, who supervised the construction. egyptian pyramid Djoser.

Architecture began to develop rapidly during the Renaissance, which fell on the 15th -16th centuries. This is an important period for Italy, which is accompanied by the development of art education, the formation of new styles of architecture.

Today the position of an architect is in great demand. A modern architect no longer manages the construction of an object, but only develops its project.

Professional holiday

The second World War brought devastation with it. For the restoration of architectural monuments and buildings of enterprises in 1946, an international union of architects was created.

Since 1996, World Architect Day has been celebrated on the first Monday in October.

Pros and cons

The work of an architect can hardly be called easy.

Very often you have to work in a sitting position, which is accompanied by pain in the back and neck.
Sometimes, to carry out architectural supervision, you have to go to the construction site. Failure to follow safety precautions can lead to injury, as well as construction dust poisoning and other respiratory diseases.

Architects often complain about sleepless nights, unscrupulous customers, the negligence of builders and not current standards. However, few people decide to change their profession: the vocation of an architect remains with a person for life.

The profession also has positive aspects.

Architects are respected by the community.
The fruit of your creation is tangible.
An architect can build a good career.
The position provides ample opportunities for freedom of expression and creativity.

Working as an architect, you can ply between various fields of activity: working for the benefit of large and small companies, trying yourself in residential, office technologies or designing interiors.

Requirements for the profession

When applying for the position of an architect, the applicant is presented with the following:

the presence of a higher specialized education;
work experience from two years;
ability to work with AutoCAD and other specialized programs;
reading and execution of project documentation.

Responsibilities of an architect

The specialist must deal with:

design of buildings and structures;
registration of estimates and drawings;
development of project documentation;
performing calculations and entering data into tables;
creation of design layouts;
negotiations with project authors and customers;
implementation of the author's control of the construction process.

In addition, the duties of an architect may include:
creation of 3D visualization of construction objects;
work on design projects;
approval of project documentation.

Responsibility

The profession of an architect requires its owner to take his work seriously. On the shoulders of this person lies a huge responsibility for the high-quality construction and subsequent operation of the facility.

Offenses and material losses incurred in the course of official duties are punishable by law.

Credentials

The architect has the right to negotiate with the management the deadline for completing the work and report problematic issues regarding its implementation.
Request from the divisions the information he needs regarding the position.

A good architect does not wait for everything to be provided on a silver platter. He can request the necessary documentation from the management, as well as make his proposals and developments in the design solutions.

Features of the profession

The most difficult part of an architect's job is constant workload. You have to work in excess of the norm on weekdays, and you also need to go out on weekends. Sometimes you need to sit on a project all night long and go back to work in the morning. Constant lack of time: no matter what you are working on, it takes twice as many hours as allotted to complete the task.

Inspiration is important for an architect, but true talents should be able to create masterpieces without having a mental attitude.

Professional skills and abilities

The knowledge base of an architect must be impressive.

Necessary:

know building codes and regulations;
work in automated design programs Autodesk, Graphisoft ArchiCAD;
be able to independently develop the basic design solutions required working documentation, create architectural drawings;
navigate the design methodology and make calculations;
have a developed aesthetic and artistic taste;
know the basics of ecology, geodesy, cartography;
have artistic skills to create drawings, graphs, compositions;
have an analytical mind and the ability to do mathematical calculations.

Knowledge is welcome:
spoken English;
the nuances of developing projects for buildings for shops;
features of modern building materials.

Personal qualities

In addition, it is appreciated:

ability to work in a team and have organizational skills;
responsibility, creativity and vigilance;
a sense of taste and harmony;
good memory and punctuality.

For a professional architect, it is important:
love to draw;
have a developed color perception;
the ability to think abstractly;
have a good eye;
be able to concentrate;
be stress-resistant;
create images according to the verbal description and vice versa;
be the owner of intuitive thinking.

Architect career

It takes more than a day to become famous specialists. Many start out as a simple builder or engineer. Then you can be entrusted with the design of wooden houses and baths.

It's good if you do a little work as an assistant architect or become a member of their team. You can get the position of a senior architect, if you have a good reputation from a professional point of view, in about 5-7 years.

Architecture has always gone hand in hand with art. The creations of Antoni Gaudí, Osip Bove, Carl Rossi and other great architects inspire no less than the creations of painters and symphonies of composers. It is not only about the oldest monuments, palaces and towers, but also about modern buildings and structures that amaze with aesthetics and grandeur. An architect can immortalize his name in stunning projects, or he can make a mistake, as a result of which the appearance of an entire city will be hopelessly spoiled. Are you not afraid of difficult work and colossal responsibility? Then this job is for you.

What is an architect? Description of the profession

An architect is a specialist who designs buildings, planning and interior solutions, as well as organizing the architectural environment. He is responsible not only for appearance structures, but also for their functional, operational characteristics.

With all the complexity of the profession and the need to be guided by standards, rules and technical parameters, the specialty is creative.

Only from inner peace a professional and his ideas about aesthetics, harmony and rationality depends on the appearance of the structure.

Specialists can be not only architects who develop sketch projects, documentation and working drawings, but also the organizers of the development process (chief architects), developers of master plans for cities and towns (urban planners), creators of landscape solutions for the improvement of the territory (landscape architects). The specialty also includes designers (developers of planning and interiors), restorers, experts and theorists engaged in scientific and teaching activities.

What is the responsibility of a specialist

With the development of technology, the work of an architect has changed significantly. The reason for this is the complication of construction technologies.

It is necessary to be proficient in special computer programs (in particular, programs for 3D design and modeling of buildings), to conduct an examination of documentation for compliance with a variety of standards. At the same time, the scope of the specialist's activity does not so much limit as it directs the type of his activity:

Architectural design... The specialist develops a project, coordinates the creation of construction documentation, carries out field supervision.
Urban planning... In fact, this is "volumetric design", which is based on the development of general architectural plans of settlements.
Landscape. landscape architecture includes landscaping - the design of gardens, parks, green spaces, home gardens and even protected areas.
Interior Design... The specialists specialize in the development of functional and at the same time aesthetic planning, in the design of interiors.

The scope of an employee's responsibilities also depends on his experience, qualifications and the organization in which he works. The project is needed not only for grandiose concert halls and skyscrapers, but also for every trade pavilion (with the exception of pre-fabricated structures), every clinic and every residential building. Experience and portfolio play key roles - it is very important to strive to get really important and complex projects to move up the career ladder.

How to get the profession of an architect, where to study

This profession requires higher education, extensive theoretical knowledge and successfully completed practical work... It is best to enter a specialized university, and the more authoritative it is, the better for your future career. Graduates of the best educational institutions countries with open arms are accepted not only by Russian, but also by foreign employers. Therefore, approach the choice of a place of study responsibly and try to enter (or at least try to do it) in the best educational institution possible.

TOP-5 Russian universities preparing architects:

Moscow Architectural Institute.
Moscow State Civil Engineering University.
University of Architecture and Civil Engineering in St. Petersburg.
University of Architecture and Civil Engineering in Nizhny Novgorod.
University of Architecture and Civil Engineering in Samara.

How to take the subjects upon admission? Admission of applicants is usually carried out in 2 stages: the first part is analysis (usually mathematics, Russian language and history, less often literature), the second part is a creative competition held educational institution on one's own. Applicants will be required to prepare a drawing, composition and drawing.

Educational institutions almost always conduct a consultation - here teachers tell what exactly they want to see within creative competition... The presentation is held in 1 day, or it is absent - the results of the verification of works can be announced remotely. Be sure to go to her. Also check the list of exams in advance - it is set by each university individually and may differ from the list given.

What qualities do you need to have

Perseverance. Each drawing and each project requires lengthy, meticulous work, where details and nuances are important.
Creative person. Each specialist is a creator. It is in his head that the appearance of buildings is born, which can become cult sights.
Developed intelligence. It is necessary not only to have experience and practical skills, but also to keep in mind a huge amount of theory, to know the regulatory framework.
Perfectionism. The slightest mistake in the project can lead to disaster or, at least, to the exclusion of the project. It is important to constantly strive for excellence.
Composure. The ability to concentrate on work is the key to a successful project. Architecture does not tolerate absent-mindedness and does not forgive mistakes.

Where can a specialist work

Construction company... Mostly architects are required here, since most companies are engaged in the construction of ordinary buildings and construction. The typical nature of the work does not make it any more simple - each project requires multi-stage approval and examination. Diversified tasks often have to be carried out, as the staff of architects is almost always compressed or curtailed.

Bureau of Architecture... The key difference from the bureau construction company- direction of activity. The organization is exclusively engaged in architectural design, examination and development of documentation. There is a clear gradation of staff, and there is no shortage of staff. You can come to the bureau already in the first years of study, get the position of a technician, create simple drawings and gain experience while moving up the career ladder.

Government agencies... These are municipal and federal organizations that prepare master plans for settlements, conduct architectural expertise, draw up profile documentation, coordinate projects and issue a building permit. The best option for professionals who are looking for a stable job and want to enjoy all the benefits of a civil servant.

Pros and cons of the profession of an architect

If at school you wrote an essay on the topic “My future profession- an architect ”, then for sure they delved into the essence of the specialty. Its key strengths are the ability to create and high income prospects. The main drawback is practical complexity. Let's note other advantages and disadvantages for a detailed comparison.

pros profession architect:

Interesting, creative work.
High remuneration for qualified specialists.
A promising profession for immigration.
High social status and recognition of the specialty.
Real career prospects.

Minuses professions:

Difficult and extremely demanding work.
The need to study for a long time and constantly develop independently.
Regular processing, a lot of stress.
Low salaries at the start of a career.
Frequent impossibility of self-realization.

The impossibility of self-realization lies in the need to work on order. Example: you want to implement a grandiose project that has been living in your head for a long time, but cannot because of the lack of a sponsor. Or your vision of the functionality and aesthetics of the building does not coincide with the opinion of the manager or client.