Methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the use of maintenance workshops. Basic research. General requirements for assessing the quality of repair

Methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the use of maintenance workshops. Basic research. General requirements for assessing the quality of repair

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UDC 658.58

METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF THE PROCESS OF MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF METAL CUTTING MACHINES

A.V. Fedorov

A methodology for assessing the quality of the process of maintenance and repair of metal-cutting machines has been developed and given practical example its use in working conditions industrial enterprise.

Key words: quality, service, process, machine tools, repair.

Modern concept Total Quality Management (TQM) and international standards ISO 9000: 2000 emphasizes the process approach, according to which the production process in industrial enterprises is proposed to be considered as a network of interrelated and interacting processes, which should be managed according to the Deming-Shewhart PDCA cycle (Plan-Do-Check-Act) (Fig. . 1), which includes planning, execution, quality control and regulation functions for each process.

Management of an organization as a network of processes makes it necessary to control the quality of the implementation of each component of its process. According to the process quality control is understood as the measurement of the controlled parameters of the process and their comparison with the established requirements in order to determine compliance or non-compliance. Based on this definition, it can be concluded that for the implementation of the process quality control function in the PDCA cycle, it is necessary to have measurable process parameters (its characteristics to be measured and controlled).

process indicators;

process product indicators;

indicators of customer satisfaction of the process.

Each of the listed groups of indicators can manifest itself in cost, technical and time terms. Cost, time and technical indicators, in turn, can also be distributed across the levels of an employee, site, workshop, sub-process, function.

For the main business processes of the enterprise, the direct result of which is the release of products, carrying out activities to identify the characteristics of the processes to be measured and controlled in the PDCA cycle is usually not difficult. But when identifying measured parameters for auxiliary processes, it is associated

with technical maintenance (MOT) and repair of metal-cutting machines, provision of basic production with equipment, fixtures, cutting and measuring tools, i.e. contributing to the normal course of the main business processes of the enterprise, certain difficulties arise.

For example, in Fig. 2 shows a matrix that takes into account the relationship of the measured parameters of one of the most important auxiliary processes at industrial enterprises - the process of maintenance and repair of metal-cutting machines and the requirements for quality control.

As can be seen from Fig. 2, the quality of the maintenance and repair process cannot be comprehensively assessed for all elements of the matrix, since they are absolute indicators of the process and its product (serviceable equipment) and are expressed in quantitative form. Therefore, indicators for assessing the quality of the process cannot be taken from operational data. They should be defined as relative values, i.e. as ratios. In this case, the conditions contained in the root columns of the matrix must be taken into account.

Based on the foregoing, the following were chosen as measured parameters for a comprehensive assessment of the quality of the maintenance and repair process:

indicators of efficiency and effectiveness (PER) of the repair service;

material damage to the main production from equipment downtime and unscheduled repairs.

Registration of the values of the measured parameters from a certain

periodicity should be made in the maps for monitoring the process of maintenance and repair of metal-cutting machines.

Measured parameters of the maintenance and repair process

ISO 9000 Cost metrics Time metrics Technical metrics

Process indicators Total cost of inventories, cost of subcontracts, labor costs for RS personnel Total time spent on repair work Level of RS technical equipment, progressiveness of the equipment park

Process product indicators Cost of repairs for a specific piece of equipment Time of subsequent equipment operation Technological accuracy

Indicators of customer satisfaction of the process Total cost of repairs, the share of repair costs in the cost of production Time of troubleshooting Number of complaints, equipment failures

Monitoring map of the maintenance and repair process

STP for the process of maintenance and repair

Requirements for the process owner to review and document deviations from normal process flow

Requirements for the analysis of the effectiveness of corrective actions

Requirements for the formation of reporting on the process for a superior manager

Requirements for determining the planned values of process indicators for the next period

Rice. 2. Quality parameters of the maintenance and repair process

Obviously, the most important quality parameter for the maintenance and repair process is PER, since it reflects the degree to which the actual results of the process correspond to the planned ones, as well as the relationship between the achieved result and the resources used. The advantage of PERs is also that they can be used as a tool for continuous process monitoring.

As a PER, a number of technical and economic indicators of the activity of the repair service were chosen, which fully satisfy the conditions of the matrix (Fig. 2).

To obtain a visual representation of the quality level of the maintenance and repair process, it is advisable to use pie charts in the monitoring maps, built according to the relative technical and economic indicators of the quality of the maintenance and repair process, and their weight coefficients (Fig. 3).

Each indicator is depicted on the diagram as a circular sector, the radius of which is equal to the value of the indicator relative to the selected analogue, and the central angle is the weight coefficient, expressed by a conventional value in degrees or radians. The base values for all indicators are depicted as a circle with a radius equal to one. The central angle for the I -th indicator with the weighting coefficient aI is defined as f = 2w, rad, or f; - = 360 ° w, deg.

The quality level of the maintenance and repair process is determined on the basis of a complex weighted average of the Uk indicator, here referred to as the weighted average circular indicator. It is equal to the radius of a circle whose area is equal to the sum of the areas of the sectors of the diagram. Its calculation can be carried out by the formula

Rice. 3. The order of building a pie chart

where n is the number relative indicators the quality of the maintenance and repair process; u - weight coefficient; q - value of the i-th indicator.

Experience shows that Vc is close to the weighted average arithmetic indicator: deviations of Vc from this indicator in a wide range of changes in relative indicators and weight coefficients do not exceed 10%.

The value of the weighted average circular indicator is graphically displayed as a circle in the form of a dotted line (Fig. 3). Uk< 1 означает, что уровень качества процесса ниже условного относительного аналога. Предлагаемый здесь средний взвешенный круговой показатель для широкого диапазона изменений относительных показателей и коэффициентов весомости имеет значения, близкие к значениям среднего взвешенного арифметического показателя. Более того, он обладает важным преимуществом по сравнению с арифметическим показателем. Оно заключается в том, что круговой показатель имеет геометрический смысл: он равен радиусу круга, площадь которого равна сумме площадей секторов диаграммы.

The weighting factors for all indicators in each enterprise should be assigned using the methods expert assessments and adjusted when compared with past results. The PERs themselves are also selected by a specially created expert group, depending on the characteristics of the maintenance and repair process and the current balanced scorecard (BSC) at each enterprise, and after a certain period of registration of indicators, the head of the maintenance and repair process should determine standard and target values for each of them. ...

In determining material damage the main production processes from unscheduled repairs and equipment downtime in the monitoring map of the maintenance and repair process should take into account the indicators of the use of labor and equipment. Then the amount of actually caused damage (Mo) with a sufficient degree of reliability can be determined by the sum of material losses due to downtime of equipment (Mo) and workers (Mp).

My = I Mp + £ Mo, (2)

where n is the number of workers taken into account; m is the amount of equipment taken into account.

To make claims for each specific case of violation of production conditions, a special act is drawn up for an economic claim. If the costs of the claims are found guilty by the

ba, then the claim signed by the parties is transferred by the interested party to the economic planning service of the enterprise. Next, the correctness of the calculations is checked, and the amount of expenses is reflected in the reports of the corresponding divisions.

To automate the task of managing the process of maintenance and repair of metal-cutting machines according to the RBSL cycle, a computerized system for its dispatching and control was developed, including a module for monitoring the quality of the process. In fig. 4 shows a pie chart constructed by this automated system and characterizing the quality of the process of maintenance and repair of metal-cutting machines at the Branch "Rudakovsky Mechanical Plant" of JSC "Tulatochmash".

No. Indicator Value

01.2013 02.2013 03.2013 04.2013

1. Degree of failure rate 0.744 0.756 0.810 0.797

2. Share of repairmen salaries in maintenance and repair costs 0.925 0.894 0.914 0.873

3. Time lost due to breakdowns 0.870 0.886 0.895 0.871

4. Degree of subcontracting development 0.801 0.843 0.900 0.850

5. Ratio of operational readiness 0.635 0.667 0.685 0.661

6. Available spare parts level 0.691 0.689 0.751 0.720

7. Degree of equipment utilization 0.740 0.762 0.792 0.753

Uk 0.778 0.790 0.825 0.793

Rice. 4. Pie chart of the quality level of the maintenance and repair process in March 2013 at the Branch "Rudakovsky Mechanical Plant"

OJSC "Tulatochmash"

The diagram shows those PERs that most fully take into account the relationship between the operation of the equipment and the amount of labor and spare parts at the enterprise. Monitoring maps compiled by an automated dispatching and control system for the maintenance and repair of metal-cutting machines allow the manager to monitor the quality of this process, i.e. receive a signal when various inconsistencies occur during maintenance, make systematic comparisons with past results and find out trends in parameter changes, judge the results of the work of various divisions of the repair service.

The application of the proposed methodology for assessing the quality of the process of maintenance and repair of metal-cutting machines is successfully applied at the Branch "Rudakovsky Mechanical Plant" of JSC "Tulatochmash" and can contribute to the real implementation of the principles of the process approach and TQM on

other domestic industrial enterprises.

Bibliography

1. Quality management: Textbook for universities / S.D. Ilyenkova, N. D. Ilyenkov, V.S. Mkhitaryan and others; ed. S. D. Ilyenkova. 2nd ed., Rev. and add. M .: UNITI-DANA, 2003.334 p.

2. Antsev V.Yu., Fedorov A.V., Dolgov V.V. Management of the process of maintenance and repair of metalworking equipment // Handbook. Engineering journal. No. 8. 2004. S. 55-58.

3. Zheleznov G.S. Graphic representation of the level of product quality // Methods of quality management. 2002. No. 12.P. 26 - 27.

4. Antsev V.Yu., Trushin N.N., Fedorov A.V. Resolution of Uncertainties in Problems of Technological Design Based on the Method of Expert Assessments // Technological System Engineering. Sat. Proceedings of the First International Electronic Scientific and Technical Conference. Tula: Grif and Co, 2002.S. 229 - 233.

5. Litvak B.G. Expert judgment and decision making. M. "Patent", 1996.56 p.

6. Statistical Methods analysis of expert assessments. Moscow: Nauka, 1977.384 p.

7. Management and marketing. Volume 2. Textbook / ed. A. Zhichkina. M .: " European Center on quality ", 2002.200 p.

Alexey Fedorov, Cand. tech. Sci., Assoc., Russia, Tula, Tula State University

METHOD OF EVALUATION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE AND REPAIR MACHINE TOOL

Developed a method of assessing the quality of the process of maintenance and repair of machine tools and a practical example of its use in the production of an industrial enterprise.

Key words: quality, service, process, machine, repair.

Fedorov Alexey Valentinovich, candidate of technical science, docent, Russia, Tula, Tula State University

1. Calculation of the economic efficiency of the service station for maintenance and repair of cars

Nevertheless, the car park is constantly growing and replenishing vehicles both domestic and foreign production. Changes in the economic conditions of the country's development cause the need to revise the structure of the car park, reduce operating costs and give road transport higher consumer qualities.

Foreign brands domestic cars sooner or later face the need for repair. The choice of the place of service today is extensive, the signs "Car service", "Car repair", "Auto repair", etc. can be found everywhere. Car maintenance, especially foreign cars, is considered profitable business... Today, both branded service centers of official dealers, certified by the automaker, and service stations (STO), specializing in the repair of one or several brands of foreign cars, or even in the maintenance of individual units (automatic gearboxes, engine control systems, etc.) are engaged in it. ) or performing one type of work, for example: repair and painting of bodies, overhaul of engines, etc. At the same time, repair work is provided by numerous private mechanics who work in workshops of two to five people at garage cooperatives (often in an ordinary garage box). Such progressive forms and types of services are being introduced such as self-service posts, technical assistance on the road, and so on.

Among the wide range of services, a special place is occupied by car service services, since today car service is one of the fastest growing service industries. This is due to the fact that the political and socio-economic transformations that have taken place in our country contributed to the development of the domestic automotive industry and an increase in imports. foreign cars... This, in turn, has led to a rapid growth in the passenger car fleet.

2. Calculated part

.1 Calculation of labor costs for maintenance and repair

) The number of cars owned by the population

N '=== 3300

A-population

n - number of serviced cars

2) The number of serviced cars

N = N * k = 3300 * 0.9 = 2970

k - coefficient taking into account the number of serviced cars

3) Annual scope of work

Tyear === 68310 people / hour

L-annual car mileage

t-specific labor intensity of work per 1000 km. mileage.

2.2 Working time balance

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Name of time spent	Time consumption days / hour.
Calendar time fund
Number of working days:
Weekends
Holidays
Number of calendar working days
Absenteeism:

Study holidays

Time to fulfill government and public duties
Total no-shows
Number of working days
Actual working hours
Actual fund of working time

2.3 Calculation of the number of production workers, auxiliary workers and AUP

) Apparent number of workers

2) Staff strength

Number of workers * K = 42 * 1.2 = 50

Table of the number of production workers

Name of works	Tariff category	Apparent number of workers	Coefficient of transition from turnout to payroll	List of workers
Master reception.

Table of the number of auxiliary workers

AUP headcount table

2.4 Salary

There is no exact concept of wages in the economic literature (hereinafter referred to as wages), but here are some of them:

) З.п - remuneration for work.

) Z.p - price labor resources participating in labor process.

) З.п - part of the costs of production going to the remuneration of workers.

) З.п - part of the national income received for personal use.

Salary is:

· Rated.

· Real.

Nominal- this is the amount of money that a person receives for his work, it depends on the labor contribution and the system of payment with the employee.

Real is the amount of goods and services that a person can buy for a nominal salary, it depends on the nominal salary and the cost of goods and services.

Also, the salary is divided into:

· Piecework.

· Time-based.

Time-based applies:

When the job is dangerous.

When the quality of labor is more important than quantity.

When the work is not uniform.

When working on a conveyor belt.

Time-based salary is also divided into:

1. Simple - payment for hours worked, not for calendar hours, but for standard hours.

Time-bonus - when a person, in addition to salary, receives bonuses for the time worked.

Piecework applies:

1. The exact counting of the production quantity is possible.

When quantity is more important than quality.

Piecework salary is also divided into

... Simple piecework is the payment for the amount of products produced

2. Piece-bonus- when an employee receives not only piecework earnings, but also a bonus for early completion of the task, for high-quality performance, saving resources, for innovations.

3. Indirect-piecework- remuneration of auxiliary workers who serve pieceworkers, tk. the development of the main workers depends on them.

4. Chord- remuneration of a worker or a team for the entire volume of work performed in fixed time in case of emergency.

5. Piece-by-piece progressive- when products made in excess of the norm are paid at higher prices.

Calculation of wages for service station workers, auxiliary workers and AUP.

Calculation of wages of service station workers

Position	Quantity	Tariff coefficient	Opening hours	Annual fund basic salary	Amount per year

Master reception.

Calculation of additional salary for service station workers

Calculation of salary auxiliary workers

Calculation of salary AUP

Calculation of the salary fund of the service station personnel

1805385.8 + 2844000 + 1003440 = 17997761.8 rub.

Calculation of salary including tax

8 * 1.3 = 23 397 090 rubles.

Annual volume of work, taking into account additional works

Tgear. With add. slave = T year. * 1.1 = 68310 * 1.1 = 75141 people / hour

Calculation of salary per unit. products

/68310 = 342.51 rubles / person hour.

2.5 Fixed assets

Fixed assets- an integral part of the property of the enterprise. Fixed assets denominated in money - fixed assets.

Fixed assets- these are means of labor that are ambiguously involved in the production process, while maintaining their natural form, and their value is transferred to finished products piece by piece as they wear out. Fixed assets include labor instruments with a service life of more than 1 year and a cost of more than 1 million rubles.

In terms of their material and natural composition, fixed assets are subdivided into:

Structures (bridges, piers, railway)

Transfer devices (pipes, communication)

Power machines and equipment

Work machines and equipment

Measuring and regulating instruments and devices

· Vehicles

Expensive production and household equipment

Working productive livestock

By functional purpose for:

Production - those funds that are directly involved in production, create conditions for its normal implementation (buildings, structures, electrical networks) and serve to store and move objects of labor (warehouses)

· Non-production - do not participate in production (stadiums, hospitals, kindergartens) but are owned by the enterprise.

By affiliation there are:

Own

Rented

Fixed assets, depending on the degree of impact on the subject of labor, are divided into:

· Active - affect the subject of labor.

· Passive - create conditions for the production process.

Methods for evaluating fixed assets:

Assessment of fixed assets - this is the monetary expression of their value

1. Initial cost- includes expenses for the acquisition of fixed assets, their delivery, installation and assembly, i.e. bringing to readiness for operation. She presents herself in valuable-years-construction.

2. Recovery is the cost of reproduction of fixed assets in modern conditions.

3. Residual value- This is part of the cost of fixed assets, which is not transferred to finished products.

4. Liquidation is the difference between liquidation income and non-liquidation expenses.

5. Average annual cost- fixed assets have the ability to move throughout the year, i.e. they can be bought and written off. Therefore, the average annual cost does not remain constant. In this regard, the company calculates the average annual cost.

Indicators of the use of fixed assets:

Natural - reflect the amount of products produced by a specific means of labor.

Cost is:

· Return on assets- shows how much income each ruble of fixed assets brings.

· Capital intensity- shows how many fixed assets are required to obtain units. products.

· Profitability- the ratio of profit to average annual cost fixed assets.

· Stock-to-arms- the ratio of the average annual cost of fixed assets to the number of personnel.

Profitability- represents the ratio of profit to the amount of production costs, money investments in the organization of commercial operations or the amount of the firm's property used to organize its activities.

There are 3 types of profitability:

Production

Products

Investment

Production profitability- an economic indicator of production efficiency, measured by the ratio of the balance sheet profit to the average annual cost of fixed assets.

Return on assets:

F o === 2.04 RUB / RUB

Capital intensity:

F e === 0.49 RUB / RUB

Capital-labor ratio:

F in === 253,379.31 rubles / person

Balance sheet profitability:

P = * 100% = =34%

Calculation of the cost of fixed assets

Building cost calculation:

S bd = N bd * C rub

N-building area, m 2

P-price for 1 m 2, rub.

From building = 700 * 17000 = 11,900,000 rubles.

Equipment cost calculation table

Name	Quantity	Power in kW	Power sum kW	Price, rub	Amount, rub
Compressor
Lift 2 post
Brake tester
EO test stand
Rolling jack
Garage crane
Drilling machine
Wheel alignment stand
Wardrobe

Water purification system
Welding machine
Diagnostic complex

The cost of equipment, taking into account the installation, delivery and commissioning

C = C about * K obsl = 2,796,000 * 1.15 = 3,215,400 rubles.

K obsl - cal. taking into account the costs of delivery, installation, adjustment.

2.6 Calculation of depreciation charges:

Depreciation- This is a gradual transfer of the cost of fixed assets to manufactured products.

Depreciation- This is the monetary expression of the depreciation of fixed assets.

Depreciation deductions are made by the enterprise based on the established depreciation rates and the book value of fixed assets for their individual groups.

Balance sheet- This is the accounting of fixed assets in monetary terms on the balance sheet of the enterprise. The balance sheet is equal to the original and the replacement.

Depreciation rate is the reciprocal of the service life.

) calculation of depreciation charges for buildings

A bd = K bld * == 238,000 rubles.

am buildings - the rate of depreciation deductions for buildings

Tsl.zd = 50 years

Kzd - the cost of the building

) calculation of depreciation charges for equipment

A about = K about * == 321540 rubles.

) calculation of the total amount of depreciation

A total = A about + A bd = 238000 + 321540 = 559540 rubles.

2.7 Calculation of general shop, household and other utility costs

) maintenance costs:

P tr = 0.2 * A total = 0.2 * 559540 = 111908 rubles.

) calculation of electricity costs:

A) for lighting

R os = * 0.2 kW * 16 * 3.4 * 253 = 190,400 rubles.

B) equipment

R rev = N * 3.4 * 250 * K * Kn = 34.07 * 3.4 * 253 * 0.5 * 0.8 = 11,722 rubles.

C) total electricity costs

R total = R os + R rev = 190400 + 11722 = 202122 rubles.

3) calculation of water supply costs

Rv = (n * 0.5 * Q * Tsv) = (2970 * 0.5 * 5 * 25) = 185625 rubles.

4) calculation of heating costs

Rot = S * Tsot * 12 = 700 * 27.50 * 12 = 231,000 rubles.

2.8 calculation of production costs and economic efficiency

Cost price is a specific indicator i.e. all costs (total) divided by the number of products produced.

Cost functions:

1. Accounting and control of all costs for the production and sale of products

It is the basis for the formation of prices for products.

Used to substantiate the feasibility of real investments in the reconstruction and development of the enterprise

Substantiates any management decisions

Cost types:

1. The cost of gross production, i.e. of all products manufactured during the year including work in progress.

Cost of marketable products - everything that is created in a year, excluding work in progress

Cost of goods sold.

According to the development period, the cost is:

1. Planned - reflects planned costs and planned production volumes.

Estimated - intermediate, used in technical and economic calculations for justification new technology and technology.

Reporting - reflects the degree of implementation of the plan, reports of costs and products.

At the cost center, the cost price is:

1. Workshop - includes all workshop costs associated with production.

Production - in addition to the costs of the workshop, it includes general production and general expenses (maintenance of the AUP, depreciation, repairs, travel expenses)

Full - the largest, it includes all the costs of production and sales of products.

Calculation of the cost of production at the service station:

Total expenses (cost) (S)

S == 332.6 rubles / person hour

Price- monetary expression of the value of a unit of goods.

Price is the amount of money for which the buyer is ready to buy and the manufacturer is ready to sell.

The price structure includes:

Full cost of production

· Profit

VAT and excise taxes

Surcharges of intermediary organizations

Trade markups

A distinction should be made between:

1. Intra-factory price (cost + profit)

Sale price (cost + profit + VAT)

Wholesale price (cost + profit + VAT + markups from sales organizations)

Retail price (cost + profit + VAT + markups of sales organizations + markups of trade organizations).

Price functions:

1. Accounting - it serves as a means of determining all cost indicators (GDP, national income, production volume of the firm)

Distributive - the state through prices has the ability to distribute national income between regions and various segments of the population.

Factors affecting the price level:

1. Demand for products

Government regulation

Production and sales costs

Competition

Equilibrium price is the point where demand equals supply

Prices are:

Depending on the territory:

Uniform - throughout the country

· Regional - by region

By the time of action:

Solid

Seasonal

By the nature of the serviced turnover:

Wholesale - between enterprises

Purchasing - between agriculture and the state

Retail - between buyers and businesses

· Tariffs - for services

Depending on the market:

Free - set by the manufacturer

Contractual-contractual - as agreed by the parties

Regulated - under the control of the state

P = 322.6 * 1.2 = 399.1 rubles / person. hour.

= (Ts-S) * 75141 = (399.1-332.6) * 75141 = RUB 5004093

Income - cash or material values received by the state, physical or legal entity as a result of any activity for a certain period of time

Organization income- an increase in economic benefits as a result of the receipt of assets (cash, other property) or the repayment of liabilities, leading to an increase in the capital of this organization, with the exception of contributions by the owner of the property.

Income:

D = C * Q = 399.1 * 75141 = 29988773.1 rubles.

Expenditure	Units	The quantity
Salary of service station personnel
Accruals on wages
Depreciation of the building
Depreciation of equipment
Expenses for Maintenance
Electricity costs
Water supply costs
Heating costs
other expenses
Total expenses
Labor intensity
Cost of one man-hour	Rubles / person hour.

The payback period of the investment is an indicator of the efficiency of using capital investments in the construction of production facilities, the implementation of comprehensive national economic programs, etc .; represents a period of time during which the costs incurred are paid off by the effect obtained (in the form of profit or cost reduction, when it comes to an enterprise, an increase in national income - if they mean the country as a whole). When calculating S.o. to. it is necessary to take into account the lag between the time of capital investments and the receipt of the effect, as well as price changes and other factors.

Payback === 2.9 years

.9 Technical and economic indicators of the workshop

Indicators	unit of measurement	The quantity
Annual production program
Capital investments
Cost price	RUB / person hour.
Including wages	RUB / person hour.
Depreciation deductions	RUB / person hour.
Household expenses	RUB / person hour.
Labor cost	RUB / person hour.
Revenue from product sales
Total costs
Balance sheet profit
Profitability
Return on assets
Payback period of capital investments

Conclusion

The "Auto Maintenance" system currently has a sufficiently powerful production potential for the successful solution of most of the tasks it faces. Further strengthening of this system should envisage not only the commissioning of new facilities, but also the intensification of production, an increase in labor productivity and capital productivity, an improvement in the quality of services by accelerating the pace of scientific and technological progress based on the reconstruction of existing enterprises and the widespread introduction of new equipment and advanced technology. rational forms and methods of organizing production and labor, the use of progressive methods of ensuring and managing production activities.

The most important areas for improving the maintenance and repair of passenger cars owned by citizens are:

) a feasibility study of concentration, specialization and cooperation of production on an industrial basis;

) increasing the level of automation and mechanization of production processes;

) the use of progressive technological processes based on a typical complex of operations;

) improving the organization of material and technical support;

) increasing the efficiency of the use of fixed assets and reducing the material and labor intensity of the industry;

) mastering modern forms of service, for example, by subscription and service books, by prior request, as well as service by mobile teams, etc.;

) the use of new, more advanced in the technological and construction part of projects and the reconstruction of existing service stations, taking into account (when justifying their structural composition and capacity) the actual need for the types of work, as well as the possibility of their further phased development;

) introduction of production management systems and quality of services, expansion of the program for training personnel and ideological and educational work with them;

) popularization of the activities of the system "Autotechsluzhivanie";

) increasing the guarantee of the quality of services and the development of measures for material and moral stimulation of its provision.

Bibliography

labor cost technical station profitability

1) Markov O.D. - Car service stations in 2008

) Fastovtsev G.F. Organization of maintenance and repair of passenger cars. M .: Transport, 1989

The operation of any technical system can be characterized by its efficiency (Figure 1.5), which is understood as a set of properties that determine the ability of the system to perform certain tasks during its creation.

Figure 1.5- Main properties of technical systems

In the general case, the problem of optimizing the frequency of maintenance is solved on the basis of the conditions for ensuring a given level of technical condition, equipment availability, warranty period at minimum costs. With a broader formulation of the problem, it is necessary to take into account that only a decrease in the cost of maintenance does not guarantee the optimal choice of frequency. An assessment of its effectiveness is required. The criterion of efficiency is an indicator that measures the costs incurred with the effect received from them. To assess the effectiveness of changing the frequency of maintenance, it is necessary to compare the economic effect with the required costs.

This problem can be solved using the methodology (basic provisions) for determining the economic efficiency of the use of new technology and inventions in industry. The analysis of efficiency is based on a comparison of the economic results of using new and old technology. The main indicator of the economic efficiency of new technology is the economic effect, determined by the difference between the reduced costs of the basic and new options.

With regard to the problem under consideration, at the first stage of assessing the economic efficiency of a new service technology, it is necessary to compare the reduced costs, i.e., the sum of the prime cost and standard profit when using the basic and new service technology.

When calculating, the comparability of the compared options for the new and basic service technology should be ensured in terms of the volume of work performed using the new technology, in terms of quality parameters and the time factor. The basic service technology at the first stage (research stage) should be the best service technology developed in the country with the lowest reduced costs per unit of work. Since the maintenance technology is characterized by a change in current costs over the years of operation of equipment, it is necessary to take into account the time factor, i.e., it is required to bring to one point in time the one-time and current costs of creating a new and old maintenance technology and its application.

Analysis of the economics of communications, motor transport, air transport and other types of equipment shows that operating costs are divided into costs associated with the performance of work on equipment, and costs associated with the organization and management of personnel, maintenance of technological processes. Maintenance costs form part of the main operating costs associated with the use of equipment and vary in proportion to the duration of operation. Typically, maintenance costs include the cost of maintenance equipment, materials, wages, etc.

The cost (price) of servicing depends on the standards of material costs, the wage system, productivity, technical equipment, production volume and other factors.

Maintenance costs are determined during the operation of the equipment by analyzing the actual costs. However, even for such massive types of equipment as cars and airplanes, there are no standards for the costs of their maintenance and current repairs. So, for airplanes, the cost of maintenance and current repairs is assumed to be about 25% of the depreciation rate per 1 hour of flight. This circumstance is explained by the great complexity of collecting and processing statistical data on service costs.

However, there are data on the relationship between operating costs and the physical wear and tear of equipment. These cost components are changes in repair costs, downtime for repairs, costs of replacing worn-out parts, changes in productivity and other characteristics of machines. Figure 1.6 shows the components of operating costs depending on physical depreciation, characterizing the nonlinear dependence of costs on physical depreciation.

The considered components also take place during maintenance, and the main reason for the change in these costs is the technical state of technology.

Figure 1.6 - Dependence of operating costs on overhaul periods:

1 - the costs of changing the characteristics of the product; 2- costs of repair costs, downtime; 3- the cost of replacing worn-out parts; 4- total costs

The consequence of this change is a decrease in the reliability of machines, an increase in the cost of spare parts, maintenance work, etc., therefore, maintenance costs can be represented as a function of changes in the technical condition, and the features of the types of services (costs of wages, maintenance equipment, etc. ., service reliability) should be taken into account by special coefficients.

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

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Don State Technical University

Features of assessing the effectiveness of the activity of mobile auto repair shops when servicing automotive equipment

A.I. Shortly

A.A. Kotesov,

M.F. Detler,

A.V. Krivorotov,

A.Yu. Parubets

annotation

The features of the activity of mobile auto repair shops are considered. Mathematical models for determining indicators are proposed, taking into account the randomness of the arrival of service requests and the duration of the services themselves.

Currently, maintenance and repair of automotive equipment is carried out at stationary services and mobile auto repair shops (PARM). PARM are used for preventive, repair and emergency work on highways, in the army, in agriculture, at large mining and oil enterprises. The efficiency of PARM work is determined by its strategy and territorial distribution of consumers. A comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the PARM can be made using the generalized criterion

where Pki is a complex indicator for the i-th estimated parameter, Kvi is the weighting coefficient of the i-th complex indicator (determined by the Delphi method, the “brainstorming” method, etc.), i = 1,2,3, ..., n - - the number of estimated parameters. The complex indicator for the i-th assessed parameter of the enterprise is determined by the formula

workshop service automotive mobile

where Kj is a single indicator characterizing the state of the j-th factor influencing the complex indicator of the parameter being assessed (for all components of the assessed parameters Kj = 0 ... 1); Квj - coefficient of weighting of the j-th factor; j --1,2,3 ... n is the number of factors influencing the estimated parameter.

Most researchers propose to include as mandatory assessed parameters: The volume and range of services (works) provided; technical equipment of PARM and its staffing, equipment and the possibility of implementation technical control, environmental safety, economic requirements. At the same time, the assessment of some single indicators for the PARM has a number of peculiarities, consisting in the randomness of the moments of receipt of requests for service, the duration of the services themselves and the territorial location of service consumers. To assess such indicators, we use the apparatus of Markov random processes. Figure 1 shows the simplest labeled system state graph

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Rice. 1 System state graph

where S1 is the working state (work performed); S2 - transport condition (moving to the place of maintenance and repair, point of deployment, etc.); S3-inoperative state of the PARM (point of placement); -probability densities of the PARM transition from the state Si to the state Sj; Рi-probability of the PARM state at time ti. Having data on the probability density of transitions, we calculate the probabilities of all states of the system at different times. Kolmogorov's system of equations for a labeled state graph takes the form:

Let us find the final probabilities characterizing the average residence time of the PARM in the corresponding states, equating the left-hand sides of the equations to zero and using the relations Р1 + Р2 + Р3 = 1, we obtain:

Cyclic Markov processes can be used to analyze the operation of vehicles (Fig. 2). In this case, the car can be serviceable and work (S1), wait for repair (S2), be repaired (S3), wait for work after repair (S4) and work again (S1). For limiting probabilities dP / dt = 0

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Rice. 2 Scheme of a Markov cyclic process

Assuming the process to be Poisson, we find the transition probability densities by relating them to the average residence time of the PARM in a certain state Si:

Where did they come from general view, (5)

Taking into account (4) and (5)

Let us determine the average residence time of the PARM in the corresponding states for several points of technical actions. For a constant speed of movement, we have:

where Li is the distance between the points of technical impacts and the location (dislocation of the PARM); n-number of territorial requirements for technical impact; n + 1 is the number of transport states of the PARM, taking into account the return to the base. The total operating time of the PARM during the shift is equal to:

where tРi is the time of technical impacts on i-th section; tнv is the normative labor intensity of the j-th impact (TBj) equal to the reciprocal of the hourly productivity of the PARM, m is the number of types of technical influences. The duration of the technical impact for a specific requirement is a random variable influenced by many factors. In a number of works, these factors are proposed to be taken into account using various coefficients

where? j is the complexity of the j-th technical impact; Кмj - coefficient taking into account the level of mechanization of work under the j-th impact; CD-coefficient, which takes into account the reliability of information during diagnostics; KPRj is the coefficient taking into account the loss of working time by organizational reasons at the j-th impact; Tcm - duration of the shift; C is the number of shifts; Рj-the average number of simultaneously working at the post under the j-th impact; Кптj- coefficient taking into account the complexity of the work and the qualifications of workers.

The time spent at the point of deployment can be determined by the dependence:

where determines the form of work of the PARM (rotational method, or with a daily return to the point of deployment after completion of work).

Taking into account expressions (3), (6) - (9), we determine the probability of finding the PARM in work at the first point

The probability of finding a PARM on the way:

The probability of finding a PARM at the point of deployment:

Consider an example: three points received requests for technical maintenance of equipment with a volume of impacts: on the first one - one TO-3 (18 hours), on the second and third to 2 TO-3, the points are located at distances of 30 and 50 km, respectively, the distance from the place dislocation of PARM to the first point 35 km, to the last 45 km. The duration of the shift is 16 hours. PARM works on a rotational basis for 6 days. The average vehicle speed is 60 km / h.

Using dependencies 7,8,10 we find:,

The probability of finding the PARM in working order at the first point

On the second and third points

The total probability of finding the PARM in working condition, the performance indicators of the PARM depend on the size of the flow of requirements and its variations, on the productivity of its service facilities components. For the simplest flow of failures, the probability of a certain number of requirements can be calculated from the dependence

where is the average number of failures occurring during time t, is the parameter of the flow of failures. In real working conditions, PARM is usually taken equal to 1 (1 hour, 1 shift, 1 week, etc.). The randomness of the flow of requirements and the duration of their fulfillment lead to the costs of functioning of the entire system. These costs can be set by the functionality:

where C1 is the cost of a car idle in the queue, is the average length of the queue, C2 is the cost of idle PARM, n is the number of idle PARM, is the parameter of the flow of requests, is the intensity of service. It is required to organize the work of the PARM in such a way that Нu = min.

Literature

Vishnevetsky Yu.T. Technical operation, maintenance and repair of cars. - M .: Dashkov and K, 2006 .-- 380 p.

Vlasov V.M. Car maintenance and repair. - M .: "Academy", 2003. - 480 p.

Vasiliev V.I., Zharov, S.P. Improvement of the methodology for adjusting the standards for managing the operation of rolling stock of enterprises road transport regional transport systems. // Contemporary problems science and education. 2012. No. 6. with. 7-9.

Detler M.F., Krivorotov A.V., Nedoluzhko A.I., Parubets A.Yu. On the issue of applying the standards of the planned preventive maintenance and repair system to modern cars // Engineering Bulletin of the Don, 2017, No. 2 URL: ivdon.ru/ru/magazine/archive/N2y2017/4131

Kuznetsov E.S., Boldin A.P., Vlasov V.M. et al. Technical operation of cars. - M .: Nauka, 2001 .-- 535 p.

Bazanov A.V., Bauer V.I., Kozin E.S. Determination of the need for mobile means to ensure the operability of automotive equipment during the repair of main oil pipelines // Scientific and technical bulletin of the Volga region (Kazan), 2012, No. 3. c. 50-53

Klyuchnikova, O. V., Tsybulskaya, A. A., Shapovalova A. G. Principles of choosing the type and number of construction machines for the complex production of work // Engineering Bulletin of Don, 2013, No. 4 URL: ivdon. ru / ru / magazine / archive / n4y2013 / 2064.

Louit, D., Pascual, R. and Banjevic, D. Optimal Interval for Major Maintenance Actions in Electricity Distribution Networks // Electrical Power and Energy Systems. 2009. No. 31. pp. 396-401.

Samuel Karlin. A First Course in Stochastic Processes, 1968, p. 557

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