What is the form of ownership of the organization. Type of ownership. Basic forms of ownership. Federal property includes

Forms of ownership.

From the point of view of law, there are many forms of ownership. Basic forms of ownership in the economy depend on the subject of ownership. If we are talking about a person or a household, then it is personal or private property... If we are talking about a group of persons, then it can be collective ownership, cooperative, joint-stock, public or state property... IN Russian Federation 16 types of property are approved by law:

Russian property.
State property.
Federal property.
Property of the subjects of the Federation.
Municipal property.
Property of public associations (organizations).
Private property.
Mixed Russian ownership (without foreign participation).
Russian property as a part of mixed property (with foreign participation).
Foreign ownership.
Property of international organizations.
Property of foreign states.
Property of foreign legal entities, citizens and stateless persons.
Mixed foreign ownership (without Russian participation).
Foreign ownership as a part of mixed ownership (with Russian participation).
Mixed ownership with joint Russian and foreign participation.

Objects of property can be products of labor, money, securities, movable and immovable property, etc. They can all be classified as follows:

Material:
- inanimate (objects, resources, fossils);
- living (animals, in the slave system - people).

Intangible (intellectual property, as well as water, air and outer space).

The Constitution and the Civil Code of the Russian Federation recognize and guarantee any form of ownership and protect the rights to it. Everyone has ownership property, power of disposal property and right to use property is the so-called "triad" of the Civil Code in Russia.

Own- a historically conditioned form of appropriation of material goods by people. With a more thorough analysis of its content, its economic and legal aspects come to the fore. They are closely interrelated and interdependent.

Type of ownership- This is a species that is characterized on the basis of the subject and the peculiarities of its connection with the object.

Directly the interaction itself depends on the type of socio-economic system. Each object and subject, in turn, has specific forms. The criteria are quite diverse and can be classified according to many criteria: property rights, methods of appropriation, and so on. Let's consider further what the form of ownership can be.

Classification of forms of ownership

Property can be classified in various ways, for example:

By the form of appropriation of various forms of ownership (individual, collective and state property).
By the form of ownership (private, state and joint ownership).
By the type of production relations (primitive communal, feudal, capitalist, socialist, slave-owning).

According to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the following forms and types of ownership are enshrined in Russia:

State
Municipal
Private
Public

The defining type of property in market economy is private property.

Types of private property

Private property can appear in the following basic forms:

Single property - characterized by the fact that physical. or legal. The person implements all property relations. The owner of a private enterprise can use the labor of a person from his family or hired workers;
Partner property - it offers the association in one form or another of property, capital, several legal entities or individuals for the purpose of carrying out common entrepreneurial activities;
By the type of desks. own we have an LLC (limited liability company) ODO (additional liability company).
Corporate ownership is based on the function of capital, which is formed by the free sale of the titles of its own share in OJSC (open Joint-Stock Company).

Forms of public ownership

Public property exists in 3 main forms of ownership:

Collective property is formed by distributing it among the members of the collective on this enterprise, CJSC (closed joint stock company).
State property - it releases all members of society as owners, the implementation of relations, appropriation through ownership relations is carried out by the state. apparatus. The relationship of the order is implemented by economic entities of the state. own.
Public property - it offers the ownership of the entire social state directly, directly and simultaneously to everyone and everyone separately. This form of ownership was enshrined in the Russian constitution and was a form without content.

State property

State property- ownership of property either to the state (the entire Russian Federation) or to a subject of the state (for example, Moscow).

Municipal property

Municipal property- property owned by the municipality (municipal formation). A municipality is, to a certain extent, a public entity, independent of the state, based on the principles of civil society and self-government. In other words, bodies acting in the public interest in a certain territory.

Last update: 10.02.2020

When planning to do business, it is important for an entrepreneur to choose the right form of organization of the future enterprise, taking into account the specifics of the upcoming activity. Consider the various forms of ownership established by Russian legislation, their differences and characteristics.

Classification of forms of ownership

All organizations operating in the Russian Federation are classified according to their focus on a commercial or non-commercial nature.

partnerships - full and on faith;
limited liability companies;
joint stock companies with a public or non-public form of work;
unitary enterprises operating on the basis of economic ownership or operational management;
other forms - production or building cooperatives, farms or business partnerships.

Russian legislation allows non-profit companies to operate in the following forms:

consumer cooperatives;
public all-Russian or regional formations (including communities of religious trends), created with the aim of influencing public opinion - organizations, movements, amateur and trade union bodies, political parties;
funds;
institutions ( educational schools and universities, medical institutions, etc.);
corporations of public or private ownership;
partnerships;
autonomous organizations involving non-profit activities;
small ethnic communities;
Cossack societies;
associations and unions;
territorial public administrations;
homeowners' associations;
societies of gardeners, gardeners and summer residents.

The functioning of entities that do not provide for the registration of a legal entity is allowed. This form is limited to:

mutual investment funds;
simple partnerships;
representative offices and branches;
individual entrepreneurs;
investment partnerships.

The type of organization is determined by the peculiarities of its work and characteristics.

Why do you need such a classification

The classifier of the main forms of ownership of companies, societies and entrepreneurs (CFS) was created to separate their focus. Based on the OKFS, the state establishes business rules, maintains a register of entities and determines the rules for the relationship between these organizations and government agencies.

Law on private property in Russia: what the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Civil Code of the Russian Federation say

Organizational and legal forms of ownership for organizations and citizens in the Russian state presuppose the inviolability of private ownership of property. The owner has the right to dispose of it at his own discretion:

sell;
lease;
convert;
perform other actions that are within the scope of the law.

The concept of private property applies to:

plots of land;
works of art;
results of scientific work;
acting;
processed and authorized information;
reservoirs;
real estate;
technological equipment;
flora and fauna;
monetary sphere, including securities.

Art. 35 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation enshrines the following provisions:

legal protection of the human right to own private property;
the right to solely dispose of one's own property;
the possibility of violation of the right to own property only as a result of a court decision;
guaranteed inheritance.

Separately, the Constitution mentions the attitude towards land, prohibiting in Art. 36:

damage the environment;
violate the rights and interests of other people.

In the second section of the Civil Code, questions are determined about:

risks of property loss;
the rights of ownership of state and municipal property;
privatization rules;
takeover procedure;
termination of ownership;
common property;
real rights to land;
real estate rights;
the possibilities of protecting private property.

The economic and social activity... Based on the provisions of legislative acts, various organizational forms of subjects have been adopted.

Legal form and characteristics of a commercial organization

Commercial government and non-government companies are created to generate profits. The procedure for their registration and the specifics of their work depend on the form of ownership of the company.

Distinctive features of a legal entity

Registration of a legal entity means the presence of:

registration record in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities with the introduction of the details and the TIN code;
checking bank account;
property owned by the organization;
liability for obligations by the property of the company;
independent balance or estimate;
the right to act as a plaintiff or defendant in court hearings.

The listed characteristics define the company as a separate entity. The relationship between firms is determined by the terms of the contracts.

LLC: meaning and characteristics

Limited Liability Company (explanation of this abbreviation) - a company with an authorized capital based on the initial contributions of the founders. Minimum value initial deposit amount - 10,000 rubles. The number of founders is from 1 to 50.

The company is managed by a founding council, which elects an executive director who runs the company. If this is required, especially when the scale of the enterprise grows, the formation of a board of directors, a supervisory and audit commission is envisaged.

The company acts on the basis of the articles of association. The name “limited liability” is explained by the fact that depositors are not liable for the work of the firm with personal property, being limited to the amount invested. In the event of bankruptcy, the property of the LLC is subject to sale for debts.

The profit is distributed depending on the percentage of the contributors' equity.

Benefits of opening an LLC

The advantages of the LLC ownership are as follows:

the possibility of increasing the authorized capital at the expense of additional contributors;
a simplified scheme of relationships with partners;
the introduction of a corporate name to promote the brand;
opening a separate bank account with the receipt of credit funds;
cooperation with major partners (including the state) that restrict work with individual entrepreneurs.

It is easier for organizations with this form of ownership to overcome bureaucratic obstacles, they are more likely to win the tender and become a participant in the state program.

What is JSC and CJSC and why they were abolished

The form of ownership of ZAO is similar to that of OOO. The difference is that instead of equity participation, the founder's contribution is determined by the block of shares. The number of participants is also limited to 50. The founders are not entitled to sell shares to the side, therefore the transfer of the package is carried out in a closed circle of persons.

Unlike JSC, JSC - open form joint stock company without limiting the number of participants with the right to free sale of shares.

The main features closed joint stock company:

Shares are sold between members of the organization, excluding outsiders.
Transfer of shares to third-party buyers is allowed if the participants have refused additional investments in the enterprise and do not object to the sale of assets to other owners.
During the registration process, the property is assessed based on the results independent expertise... Upon completion, a block of shares is issued, distributed among the investors. Participants contribute their shares by forming authorized capital, money or property.
An increase in capital is envisaged due to additional investments of the founders or attracting other investors. In this case, it is necessary to change the charter of the company, reflecting the change in the number of participants in the enterprise.
The work of the organization must be properly formalized from the legal side.

Since 2014, the legislation of the Russian Federation has undergone changes: instead of JSCs and CJSCs, public and non-public joint-stock companies have been adopted. LLC is included in the number of non-public forms of ownership.

This transformation is associated with the strengthening of state control over the work of joint-stock companies and the streamlining of the securities market.

PJSC - Public Joint Stock Company

PJSC is an analogue of the OJSC that existed before the changes in 2014. This business is operated by general meeting shareholders who decide on the development of the enterprise. Operational management- behind the general (executive) director, accountable to the board of directors.

Financial and economic activities are controlled by audit committee... A meeting of shareholders is held annually to make decisions on the company's work, areas of development, distribution and payment of dividends.

Requirements for PJSC

PJSC is created with an authorized capital of at least 100,000 rubles. The following requirements are imposed on the organization:

Mandatory indication of the public status of the company.
The presence of a board of directors with a quantitative composition depending on the size of the authorized capital. Minimum - 5 people, if the number of shareholders exceeds 1 thousand - 7, more than 10 thousand - 9.
Shareholders are not entitled to expand their own powers. Due to the complexities of management typical for corporations, the professionalism of investors is not always sufficient for a qualified solution of issues.
Accounting and financial statements on paying taxes and making a profit are formed open, with quarterly publication of data, including for labor collective... The public has the right to learn about the results of the company's work and get acquainted with the reporting.
The place and time of the convocation of the shareholders' meetings are announced publicly.

These requirements are intended to increase the attractiveness of PJSCs for attracting investors and the transparency of the firm's work.

Differences between PJSC and non-public joint stock companies

Unlike PJSC, CJSC limits the circle of depositors. Restrictions are also related to the publication of information about the company.

These conditions increase the confidentiality of businessmen participating in the organization of the company. But this leads to a contraction in the scale of activities - the number of participants is decreasing, which makes it impossible to use CJSC for large enterprises that require large authorized capital and attract serious finance.

Individual entrepreneur "IP"

An individual entrepreneur is a transitional link between an individual and a legal entity. The term individual entrepreneur is understood as a capable citizen running a business with the aim of generating income.

Positive aspects of choosing the form of IP:

registration requires a minimum of documentation, the registration procedure is simpler than for a society;
the amount of the state fee is lower than when registering an LLC;
the entrepreneur is not obliged to keep accounting records in full;
reporting in tax office provided in a minimum amount;
a businessman has the right to apply for participation in a state program aimed at supporting small businesses;
the proceeds are spent by the entrepreneur without restrictions, in contrast to the LLC, where the head distributes income on a quarterly basis;
it is not necessary to open a bank account;
the amount of penalties and tax deductions is less than for another form of enterprise.

An individual entrepreneur is not required to create authorized capital and complicate the company's management structure, develop constituent documents. The businessman solely manages the company. But the same condition defines responsibility.

In the event of bankruptcy, the entrepreneur is liable for debts with personal property.

But along with the advantages, there are disadvantages. The state limits the scope of activities for individual entrepreneurs. If a businessman plans to trade in alcoholic beverages or engage in investments, it is preferable to choose an LLC.

Non-profit organizations

Non-profit organizations do not set the goal of work to ensure profit. The priority of their functioning:

shaping public opinion on various issues in the field of protection the environment, health care, use natural resources and so on;
association of citizens connected by common interests and hobbies (sports, gardening, physical culture, etc.);
other matters not related to making money.

Unlike commercial ones, the state establishes the following requirements for these structures:

income generation does not belong to the main goals of the organization;
income is not distributed among members;
financed by public or private entities, and not by the activities of the organization;
these companies are guided by the provisions of the laws in force.

Non-profit organizations can be part of a joint-stock company if the principles established for them are not violated. The existence of autonomous non-profit organizations (ANOs) is allowed.

Change of forms of ownership

A change in the form of ownership for an organization in the Russian Federation is possible with the consent of its participants, adopted at the general meeting.

To transfer an enterprise to a different form, you must:

Obtain a positive decision of the meeting of shareholders - a general meeting of depositors is convened to consider the need to change the form of the company. Voting is carried out taking into account the blocks of shares of the participants.
Change the charter documents - the charter of the company will be transformed taking into account the changes made.
Pay the stipulated state fees for the renewal of statutory documents.

After these measures, the name of the company is changed with appropriate adjustments in the work.

What form of ownership to choose

When choosing the type of future company, it is necessary to take into account the scale of the upcoming activities. If a businessman organizes a company alone to run a pharmacy business, wholesale trade or in another area, it is easier to issue an individual entrepreneur. He doesn't have to hire employees and complicate the structure of the company.

But to unite several investors, a joint-stock company or LLC of a public or non-public nature is created.

To organize a large enterprise, as opposed to a small business, the most suitable form of ownership is PJSC.

What does it mean "the form of ownership is not private"

In addition to private property, there are the following types of property:

state - owned by federal or regional structures of the state;
municipal - which is on the balance sheet of the authorities of settlements;
public - belonging to a group of persons with a collective investment, the state or municipalities in a share.

The organization state form property (budget) have equal rights and powers with private and function according to the same rules. An example of an enterprise with a controlling stake in the state is PJSC Gazprom. This company uses state property and equity participation of private shareholders.

The forms of ownership of enterprises and organizations are established by state regulations. The nature of the company's activities and the requirements for the company in 2019 by legislative acts depend on this. But whatever form the entrepreneur chooses, it is important to weigh the pros and cons, having thought out in detail the nature of the work and the business strategy.

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By legal status(organizational and legal forms) in Russia, the following types of enterprises are distinguished according to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation: 1) business partnerships and companies; 2) production cooperatives; 3) state and municipal unitary enterprises; 4) non-profit organizations (including consumer cooperatives, public and religious organizations / associations, foundations, etc.); 5) individual entrepreneurs.

By forms of ownership, the property of an enterprise can be private, state, municipal, and also be owned by public associations (organizations).

Household partnerships can be created in the form full partnership and in the form of a limited partnership. A partnership is considered a full partnership, the participants of which, in accordance with the agreement concluded between them, are engaged in entrepreneurial activity on behalf of the partnership and are responsible for its obligations with property belonging to them. A limited partnership (limited partnership) is a partnership in which, along with participants who carry out entrepreneurial activities on behalf of the partnership and are responsible for the partnership's obligations with their property, there are one or more contributing participants (limited partners) who bear the risk of losses associated with the activities of the partnership , within the limits of the amounts of their contributions, and do not take part in the implementation of the partnership of entrepreneurial activity.

Limited Liability Company a company established by one or more persons is recognized, the authorized capital of which is divided into shares of the sizes determined by the constituent documents. The participants of this company are not responsible for its obligations and bear the risk of losses associated with the activities of the company, within the limits of their contributions.

Additional liability company a company established by one or more persons is considered, the authorized capital of which is divided into shares of the sizes determined by the constituent documents. The participants of such a company jointly bear subsidiary liability for its obligations with their property in the same for all one-time amount to the value of their contributions, determined by the constituent documents of the company. In the event of the bankruptcy of one of the participants, its liability for the company's obligations is distributed among the other participants in proportion to their contributions, unless another procedure for the distribution of liability is provided. constituent documents society.

Joint-stock company a company is recognized, the authorized capital of which is divided into a certain number of shares. The participants of the joint-stock company (shareholders) are not liable for its obligations and bear the risk of losses associated with the activities of the company within the value of their shares. Joint-stock companies, in turn, are divided into open ones, whose members can alienate their shares without the consent of other shareholders, and closed ones, whose shares are distributed only among its founders or other predetermined circle of persons.

Production cooperatives(artels) is a voluntary association of citizens on the basis of membership for a joint industrial or other economic activity based on their personal labor and other participation and the consolidation of property shares by its members (participants).

Unitary enterprise a commercial organization is recognized that is not endowed with the ownership right to the property assigned to it by the owner. The property of a unitary enterprise is indivisible and cannot be distributed by contributions (shares, shares), including among the employees of the enterprise. In the form of unitary enterprises, only state and municipal enterprises. The property of a state or municipal enterprise is, respectively, in state or municipal ownership and belongs to such an enterprise on the basis of the right of economic management or operational management.

Non-profit organizations, unlike commercial ones, do not pursue profit-making as the main goal of their activities and do not distribute the received profit among the participants of this organization.

In the economies of developed countries, large, medium and small enterprises operate simultaneously, as well as activities based on personal and family labor.

Division of labor, cooperation, specialization.

Concentration, centralization and diversification of production.

The division and socialization of labor are expressed directly in production processes in the form of differentiation and concentration of operations for the manufacture of products, and at the level social production in general, in industry differentiation and concentration of production.

Concentration is the main form of social organization of production and is a process of concentration of production in all more large enterprises.

The concentration of production has four forms: enlargement of enterprises, specialization, cooperation and combination.

The enlargement of enterprises is the concentration of production at large enterprises, determined by the scientific and technological progress of tools of labor (an increase in the productivity of unit capacities of machines, aggregates, apparatus, improvement of control technology, etc.) and an increase in the volume of products.

Specialization - concentration (concentration) of homogeneous production, which by its type is mass or large-scale.

Cooperation - direct industrial relations between enterprises (associations) participating in the joint manufacture of certain products.

Combination - a combination of different industries, which are sequential stages of processing raw materials, complex processing of raw materials or the use of production waste in one enterprise (combine).

Specialization and cooperation of production

specialization, on the one hand, is a consequence of the social division of labor, and on the other, the result of the concentration of homogeneous production. Consequently, specialization is a dialectical unity of two opposite processes: differentiation and concentration.

The specialization of production in industry is carried out in five main forms: subject, detail, technological, auxiliary and intersectoral production.

Subject specialization means the concentration of production of certain types of final consumption products. The subject of such specialization can be a machine tool plant or an automobile plant.

Detailed specialization - concentration of production of certain parts and assemblies, blanks and semi-finished products. In some industries, it can have specific varieties, for example, in mechanical engineering - itemized, aggregate, nodal. An example of a detailed specialization is a ball bearing plant, an automobile piston plant, etc.

The transformation of individual phases of production or operations into independent production - technological specialization (or staged), for example, a foundry, centrolites that produce blanks for machine-building plants.

It is necessary to highlight the specialization of auxiliary industries and the specialization of intersectoral industries. An example of the specialization of auxiliary industries is repair plants (firms), and an example of the specialization of cross-industry industries is an enterprise for the production of products for general machine-building purposes (crankshafts, gearboxes, gear wheels, etc.).

Opening and closing of enterprises, reorganization and bankruptcy.

State registration of legal entities is an act of the registering authority, carried out by entering into the state register information on the creation, reorganization and liquidation of legal entities, as well as other information about legal entities

Information on the creation, reorganization and liquidation of legal entities is entered into the state register on the basis of documents submitted by the applicant when state registration legal entities and amendments to the state register.

The founders (participants) of a legal entity or the body that made a decision on the liquidation of a legal entity are obliged within three days to writing notify the registration authority at the location of the legal entity to be liquidated about this with the attachment of a decision on the liquidation of the legal entity.

Sanitation - a system of measures to improve financial situation enterprises carried out with the aim of preventing their bankruptcy or increasing competitiveness

Insolvency (bankruptcy) - recognized arbitration court the inability of the debtor (citizen or organization) to satisfy in full the claims of creditors for monetary obligations and (or) to fulfill the obligation to pay mandatory government payments. This term has a special legal meaning, as it entails a set of specific legal implications: insolvency procedure (bankruptcy process), with the primary goal of the most equal and fair satisfaction of the interests of the creditors of the insolvent debtor. The law provides for the application of the insolvency procedure for both legal entities and individuals.

The basis in the system of socio-economic relations is the form of ownership, which influences the ideology, economy, politics of society, and so on.

The simplest concept of property is a form of appropriation by a person (or a group of persons) of certain material goods with the ability to use and dispose of them, sell them, donate, exchange, etc.

In order for the property not to lose its practical meaning, at least two subjects are required to have someone to enter into a relationship with on the subject of ownership.

What forms of ownership exist

There are different forms, it all depends on who is the owner. The main of the established forms:

state, which is divided into municipal and federal;
private, it can be individual or collective;
property of religious and public organizations who have the right to use their property only for certain purposes, within the framework prescribed by the constituent documents of a particular religious or public organization.

Federal property includes:

Natural resources;
unique objects of nature;
funds of the state treasury;
cultural and historical sites;
individual agricultural, industrial enterprises;
separate objects of education, scientific institutions.

Municipal property includes structures, land plots, residential and non-residential stock, utilities, structures located on the territory municipality and owned by local governments.

Main types of property

In modern market and economic relations, after the procedure of denationalization of property and privatization of most enterprises, private property becomes the defining type - the type of ownership of the results of production, its means, in which the interests of the owner come first, then the interests of the collective follow.

Private property may include: individual ownership, group ownership (joint stock company, partnership).

Other types of accessories:

collective- when the property is redeemed by a collective of employees or transferred to it free of charge;
cooperative- a voluntary association of citizens using funds jointly owned by them, renting property of state-owned enterprises;
civil- created on the labor income of citizens participating in social production,
joint stock company- ownership of property acquired with proceeds from the sale of shares;
individual labor- when the employee and the owner are united in one person, it differs from the personal economy by meeting the needs of the public by attracting the market.

There are mixed forms, when features of several types of ownership are present within one form or another.

What is ownership

This concept means the legal right of a person at his own discretion, in accordance with personal interests, without overstepping the framework of the law, to dispose of a thing, to influence it.

The owner has the right to demand the elimination of the unlawful action in relation to the thing of those persons who are not its owners. A thing can be a result of labor, a means of production.

The owner in relation to his property is guided by three powers:

he has the right to own property;
the right to use their property;
the right to dispose (determine the legal side) of ownership.

The right to own a thing or property makes it possible to dispose of it at your own discretion, but, at the same time, the owner is obliged by law to:

maintain their property (ensuring proper condition, timely repairs, paying taxes);
liability in case of damage, wear and tear, loss of property, compensation for damage caused by property.

If all three powers are concentrated in the subject of ownership, the owner's responsibility for it comes automatically.

What is property

Traditionally, this means the ownership of the means of production (thing) to a certain owner. Such relations are not only economic, but also legal relationship that may arise in matters of ownership, disposal, use of property.

Private (individual) property

It includes property natural person(person) or legal entity (firm, enterprise). Quantitatively, private property is not limited to legal basis an individual or legal entity can own, for example, an entire metallurgical plant, dozens of houses or buildings.

Only the property that is withdrawn from state turnover(historical or cultural monuments, nuclear weapons, etc.).

A citizen may own:

items purchased to meet his personal needs- plots of land, residential buildings, apartments, cars, garages, different kinds household appliances, much more;
transport, buildings or premises serving for the organization of entrepreneurship, production;
bonds, stocks, securities, cash;
intellectual property items(literary works, music, images, etc.).

The source of financing for personal property is the individual income received by him from participation in public or private production.

Intellectual property

This definition means the results (products) of the creative activity of the person (persons) in the field of science, literature, production, art, which are of an intangible nature.

The World Intellectual Property Organization has established its types:

trademarks, logos, service marks;
utility models;
breeding of animal breeds, plant varieties;
inventions in various fields of human activity;
scientific discoveries;
results performing activities artists, TV shows, sound recordings, radio broadcasts;
literary works, scientific discoveries and works, works of art.

Intellectual property can be embodied in material objects, becoming a kind of commodity. But profits can be brought to their owners only if a special legal protection state (patents for inventions, trademarks, company names, etc.).

Land ownership

Types of land ownership existing in Russia:

State federal;
State of the subjects of the federation (territory, autonomous republic, region);
Municipal (or city);
Private.

Owners land plots may be physical or legal entities, they have the right to use different forms land ownership:

land ownership when its owners have the legal right to sell, mortgage a plot or part of it, exchange, donate, inherit;
lifelong inheritance when the owner's rights are realized, but the land cannot be sold, leased, or mortgaged, it can only be inherited;
unlimited use when the rights of the owner of the site are exercised, who has it for life, but cannot be inherited;
rent, which is realized only from the owners of the land.

The owners of land plots are obliged to pay the land tax, which is calculated at a legally fixed base rate.

State property

State property - property that belongs to the Russian Federation, as well as its constituent entities. It is heterogeneous, as it includes:

state budget funds, state banks, diamond fund, gold reserve, monetary fund;
historical, cultural values of national importance, artistic values;
territory, natural land and water resources;
federal highways, organizations for their maintenance;
defense facilities;
municipal treasury.

State property is assigned to municipal institutions, enterprises on the rights of ownership, use, disposal.

Entrepreneurship

This is a type of activity that can be carried out in areas close and understandable to the owner. Areas of entrepreneurial activity:

consumer;
industrial;
service;
informational;
scientific, others.

Entrepreneurship- its own business, which provides services to the population, carries out the production of demanded goods, allows the development of a market economy, being its small and medium forms.

For entrepreneurship to exist successfully, the state must recognize private property, support and encourage small, medium business so that funds from these structures regularly replenish the treasury.

For an entrepreneur, it is important not only the ability to organize the production of goods or the provision of services, he is required to understand whether there is a demand for these goods or services, therefore entrepreneurial activity is always associated with a certain amount of risk.

Every citizen has the right to own, dispose and use his personal property.

The Constitution of Russia, The Civil Code any forms of ownership are recognized, protection of rights to it is guaranteed.

Russian legislation provides for the protection of the owner's rights in the event of an encroachment on them.