System analysis in the study of logistics objects. The essence of the main methods of systems analysis in logistics. Production planning and control

The logistics organization of goods movement is a regular, purposeful process of influencing at all levels and at all stages of the turnover of goods and services on the factors and conditions that ensure the achievement and maintenance of an economical and efficient process of physical promotion of goods on the market. All organizational efforts that ensure an increase in the efficiency of product distribution at the enterprise are reduced to two aspects: operational and strategic.

Thus, the logistics organization of goods distribution can be described as a system. In a broad sense, a system is an ordered set of elements, between which there are or may exist some connections and relationships.

In managing the organization of the enterprise's logistics system, it is advisable to use a systematic approach. The systematic approach allows us to consider the object under study as a complex of interconnected subsystems, which are united by a common goal. At the heart of this approach there is a specific goal for which the entire system is being built.

Therefore, a systematic approach assumes:

Integration, synthesis, consideration of various aspects of a phenomenon or object;

Adequate presentation, development and research of the object.

Systematic logistic analysis is a set of methods and tools for developing, making and justifying decisions in the study, creation and management of logistics systems.

Thus, the application of system analysis in the organization of a logistics system can be divided into several stages:

Analysis of the logistic problem;

Definition of the logistics system, its structure and analysis;

Formation of a common goal of the logistics system and analysis of the criterion of its effectiveness;

Decomposition of the goal, determination of the required resources;

Forecasting and analysis of future conditions;

Evaluation of goals and means;

Selection of the best options;

Analysis of the existing logistics system;

Modeling an integrated development system.

Systems analysis cannot exist as a rigorous methodological concept. This is a kind of set of cognitive principles, observing which, it becomes possible to orient specific research in a certain way.

Unlike the classical approach, which uses the induction method, the systems approach uses the deduction method. Thus, any problem is considered as a system consisting of subsystems.

When forming logistics systems, it is necessary to take into account the following principles of the systems approach:

The principle of consistent progress through the stages of creating a system;

The principle of coordination of information, resource and other characteristics of the designed systems;

The principle of the absence of conflicts between the goals of individual subsystems and the goals of the entire system.

Systems analysis is very closely related to modeling. Modeling is the process of building a model of a real object.

The basis of the system analysis methodology is a clear identification of structural elements in the study of logistics systems:

Definition of a goal or a set of goals;

Choosing the best alternative to achieve your goal;

Using the resources necessary to achieve the goal;

Building a mathematical and logistic model;

Determination of the criterion for choosing the preferred alternative.

The systematic approach reveals the logistic problems of system analysis. These problems differ in the following ways:

Clarity and awareness of the problem statement;

The level of detail of the elements of the logistics system and their relationship;

The ratio of quantitative and qualitative factors involved in the formulation of the problem.

Thus, three classes of logistic problems can be distinguished:

1. well structured (quantified);

2. unstructured (qualitatively expressed);

3. poorly structured (contains both quantitative and qualitative elements).

The main task of systems analysis is to correctly formulate a problem and transfer it from an unstructured class of problems to a structured class. Further, collect as much information as possible about the problem in order to develop a set of actions to solve it, as well as develop several options for the development of the logistics system under various conditions. Finally, analysts identify the main goals and performance criteria of the logistics system.

Thus, system analysis in the logistics activities of an enterprise plays a crucial role. The need for a systematic approach arises when the solution to a logistic problem involves linking a goal with a variety of means to achieve it. Also, system analysis helps to assess the possible consequences in various links of the supply chain, taking into account the factors of uncertainty and risk. It should be noted that system analysis is used to build new logistics systems, as well as to improve business.

Since systems analysis is closely related to modeling, it allows you to soberly assess the situation in the future when decisions are made on a long-term basis. Also, a systematic approach is always used when developing optimality criteria, taking into account the development goals and functioning of the logistics system.

The most important task of making a logistic decision is to choose the best alternative from several action alternatives. The alternative chosen should best serve the purpose of the logistics system.

In logistics, as in many other subsystems of an enterprise, the use of system analysis can solve many problems that arise.
Systems analysis in the narrow sense is a decision-making methodology, in a broad sense - a synthesis of methodology general theory systems, a systematic approach and systemic methods of justification and decision-making. In addition, systems analysis is understood as a methodology for solving complex problems of a large scale. System analysis in logistics allows you to divide a complex logistics task into a set of separate simple tasks, to divide a complex logistics system into elements, taking into account their interrelation. In this case, analysis is a process of sequential decomposition of a complex logistic problem to be solved into interrelated partial problems. Systems analysis is based on a systems approach. System analysis is an interconnected logical - mathematical and complex consideration of a set of issues related not only to the design, development and functioning of modern systems, but also to the methods of managing all these stages, taking into account all social, political, strategic, psychological, legal, geographical and other aspects. Systems analysis in relation to logistics is a methodology for researching or streamlining a logistics system. In this case, ordering refers to the arrangement of the elements of the logistic system in a certain sequence, depending on some of their features. The main differences of system analysis from other approaches: alternatives of logistics systems are assessed from the perspective of a long-term perspective; there are no standard logistics solutions; clearly sets out different views when solving the same logistic problem; applies to problems for which cost or time requirements are not fully defined; the fundamental importance of organizational and subjective factors in the process of making logistic decisions is recognized and, in accordance with this, procedures for agreeing different points of view are developed; special attention is paid to risk and uncertainty factors, their consideration and assessment when selecting the most optimal solutions among possible options. The usefulness of systems analysis in logistics lies in the fact that there is a greater understanding and insight into the essence of the logistic problem: practical efforts, consisting in identifying relationships and quantitative values, contribute to the discovery of hidden points of view behind certain decisions, greater accuracy, greater comparability, greater usefulness and effectiveness.

The use of system analysis for solving logistic problems is an effective tool, since its use allows solving logistic problems that arise in practice. The application of system analysis should be carried out in a specific sequence.

1. Analysis of the problem in the field of logistics services to consumers. This stage is of particular importance, since invented problems can often be passed off as actual ones. A problem in the service sector is understood as a discrepancy between the necessary (desired) and the actual state of affairs in the field of service to end users.

2. Defining a logistics system. In order to define a logistics system, a service problem is divided into a set of clearly defined objectives. As a result, the tasks facing the logistics system and methods of their implementation are determined. In large logistics systems, tasks form a hierarchy.

3. Analysis of the structure of the logistics system . At this stage, the functional elements of the logistics system are determined, such as supply, production, warehousing, distribution, transportation. It is necessary to follow a certain order in the allocation of subsystems, elements of the logistics system and the processes implemented in them.

4. Formulation of a global goal and criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the functioning of the logistics system . It is necessary to follow from the analysis of the current situation, the achieved level to a consistent forecast of the development of the logistics system.

5. Decomposition of the goal, identifying the needs for resources and processes. At this stage, the goal tree method is used, in which the goal is linked to the means.

6. Forecast and analysis of future conditions. This stage provides information on the future development of the logistics system.

7. Evaluation of goals and means. This stage is necessary because, when analyzing logistics systems, a logistics specialist usually deals with unstructured or semi-structured problems.

8. Selection of options. The selection is carried out on the basis of criteria allowing to eliminate the discrepancy between the needs of consumers and the means of their satisfaction.

9. Analysis of the existing logistics system. In the process of analysis, there is a need for a diagnostic examination organizational structure enterprise management aimed at identifying its capabilities and shortcomings.

10. Formation of the development program. When forming the development program, matrix, network methods of economic analysis, descriptive models, and normative operating models are used.

The relevance of the system analysis of the logistics system of an enterprise increases if its resources and means are limited. In such circumstances, it is important to follow an orderly analysis procedure. It is necessary to optimally combine these procedures in the process of system analysis. In theory, a list of procedures has been formed that is necessary for conducting a system analysis of the enterprise's logistics system:

1) Determination of the boundaries of the investigated logistic system. These boundaries are conditional and are determined by the specific task of the study, taking into account all suppliers of the enterprise, its consumers and any other subjects, in any way connected with it;

2) Determination of all supersystems that include the studied system as a part. Supersystems such as economic, political, state, regional, social, ecological, international should be studied as the main ones;

3) Determination of the main features and directions of development of all supersystems. This procedure applies to all subsystems to which the logistics system of the enterprise belongs. In particular, it is necessary to formulate their goals and the contradictions between them;

4) Determination of the role of the investigated logistic system in each subsystem. In this procedure, the following aspects should be considered: the idealized, expected role of the logistics system from the point of view of the supersystem, the real role of the studied logistics system in achieving the goals of the supersystem;

5) Revealing the composition of the logistics system. This procedure involves identifying the parts of which it consists;

6) Determination of the structure of the logistics system, which is understood as a set of connections between its components;

7) Determination of the function of the components of the logistics system. It is necessary to identify the purposeful actions of the components, their contribution to the implementation of the role of the system as a whole;

8) Revealing the reasons that unite separate parts into a single logistic system, into integrity. As a rule, the integrating factor that forms integral logistic systems is a human need. Thus, the primary integrating factor is the customer service goal;

9) Determination of all possible connections, communications of the logistics system with the surrounding environment;

10) Consideration of the logistics system in dynamics, in development. It is necessary to formulate the history of the logistics system, the source of its origin, to consider the periods of formation, trends and prospects of its development, transitions to qualitatively new states.

System analysis is based on the use of certain tools. The basis of this toolkit is the methods of systems analysis. The method is a way of cognition, which is based on a certain set of previously obtained general knowledge (principles). When conducting a system analysis, the following methods can be used:

1) Methods like brainstorming. The main purpose of these methods is to search for new ideas, their broad discussion, constructive criticism;

2) The method of scenarios. It is a means of primary ordering of the identified problem in the field of customer service, obtaining and collecting information about the relationship of the solved logistic problem with others, about the possible and probable directions of the future development of the system;

3) Methods of expert assessments. These methods are based on various forms of an expert survey, followed by assessment and selection of the most preferable option according to the selected criteria;

4) Methods like "Delphi". The basis of this method is brainstorming. The goals of this method are feedback, familiarizing experts with the results of the previous stage of analysis and taking these results into account when assessing the significance by experts;

5) Methods like goal tree . The goal tree is a connected graph, the vertices of which are considered as the goals of the logistic system, and the edges or arcs as connections between them. The experts are invited to evaluate the structure of the model of the studied logistics system as a whole and to give proposals on the inclusion of unaccounted links in it;

6) Morphological methods. The main idea of ​​the morphological approach is to systematically find all possible options for solving a logistic problem by combining the selected elements or their features;

7) Matrix forms of data presentation and analysis. They are not a specific tool for the analysis of the studied logistics systems, but are widely used at different stages of the analysis of the logistics system as an auxiliary tool;

8) Program-target method. It is the development and implementation of long-term tasks focused on achieving a specific goal, regardless of the established framework. It involves the consistent implementation of a complex of technical, organizational and economic measures;

9) Systems analysis method - This method is used to evaluate alternative courses of action in the allocation of resources in accordance with the goals of logistics subsystems. If goals are set, different programs are offered to solve specific problems. During the analysis, alternative plans are assessed.

Following the principles allows you to achieve good results in any activity. This is because the principles are requirements derived from theory and practice specifically to achieve optimal states in various conditions. Knowledge of the principles in logistics allows its specialists to relatively adequately respond to uncertainty external environment.

The principle is a generalized experimental data, a law of phenomena found from observations. In addition, a principle can be understood as a constantly and consistently applied method.

Certain principles of systems analysis must be followed.

Optimality principle . It is proved that characteristic feature development in modern conditions is to determine the most suitable version of the logistics system. It is necessary to choose such solutions that are the best in terms of a set of criteria for given conditions.

The principle of emergence serves as a continuation of the principle of optimality and expresses the following important property of the system: the larger the dimensions of the logistic system under study and the greater the difference in size between the part and the whole, the more likely, as a rule, that the properties of the whole may differ greatly from the properties of individual parts systems.

The principle of consistency . In accordance with this principle, it is necessary to approach the consideration of the logistics system as a complex object, represented by a set of interconnected private elements (functions), the implementation of which ensures the achievement of the desired effect in the shortest possible time and at the most minimal cost of labor, financial and material resources. It is necessary, on the one hand, to consider the logistic system as a whole, on the other, as part of a larger system in which the analyzed object is in certain relationships.

The principle of hierarchy In accordance with this principle, it is necessary to form a hierarchical structure of complex logistics systems, since management in them is associated with the processing and use of significant amounts of information. At the same time, more detailed and specific information is used at the lower levels. For more high levels generalized information is used.

Integration principle This principle is aimed at identifying and developing integrative properties and patterns in logistics systems. The integrative properties of the system appear as a result of combining elements to the whole, combining functions in time and space.

The principle of formalization This principle is focused on obtaining quantitative and complex characteristics of the functioning of the logistics system.

Practical part

Similar information.

The concept of a logistics system is one of basic concepts logistics. There are various systems that ensure the functioning of the economic mechanism. In this set, it is necessary to single out precisely the logistics systems in order to synthesize, analyze and improve them.

Methodological framework for end-to-end management material flow is a systematic approach (system analysis), the principle of implementation of which is put in the first place in the concept of logistics.

System analysis is a direction of methodology scientific knowledge, which is based on the consideration of objects as systems, which makes it possible to study hard-to-observe properties and relationships in objects.

Systems analysis means that each system is an integrated whole, even when it consists of separate, disconnected subsystems. The systematic approach allows you to see the object under study as a complex of interconnected subsystems, united by a common goal, to reveal its integrative properties, internal and external connections.

Systems analysis is a methodology for solving large problems based on the concept of systems. At the center of the system analysis methodology is the operation of quantitative (qualitative) comparison of alternatives to select one to be implemented. In order for the estimates obtained in the framework of the analysis to make it possible to compare alternatives, they must reflect the essential properties of the alternatives: the output result, efficiency, cost, costs, etc. This can be achieved if all the elements of the alternative, their interrelationships are taken into account and the corresponding correct estimates are given. The moment of origin of the theory of systems and systems analysis is correlated with the middle of the last century. Then, with the development of cybernetics, the corresponding branch of applied knowledge was formed into an independent section. Branches of systems theory and systems analysis can be easily traced in many "departmental cybernetics": biological, medical, technical, economic and, in particular, logistic.

The unification and standardization of logistics terminology overseas is currently mainly involved in two organizations: the Council of Logistics Management (CLM) and the European Logistics Association (ELA). The modern interpretation of the concept of "logistics" from the standpoint of business is ambiguous and depends on the country, the logistics school (direction) and the specific researcher.

The system analysis methodology is a universal means of research and design of complex systems of various nature. This also applies to logistics systems. Therefore, it is very difficult to unambiguously systematize all the tasks and methods that are used when using it. Systems theory and systems analysis use the achievements of many branches of science and this, figuratively speaking, "absorption" is constantly expanding. However, along with this, systems analysis and systems theory have their own "core", their own special method - a systematic approach to the analysis of relevant problems and tasks. Its essence at the substantive level is very simple: all elements of the analyzed system and all operations in it must be considered as a whole, only in aggregate and taking into account the existing relationships.

Methodology is the study of structure, logical organization, methods and means of activity. The modern theory of logistics is conceptually based on four methodologies: systems analysis (general systems theory), cybernetic approach (cybernetics), operations research, and prognostics. Let us formulate a logical sequence of using the described scientific directions in the analysis, synthesis and optimization of drugs.

• 1. A LC with through streams moving along it is objectively a complex or large LAN, i.e. can be investigated by means of general systems theory.
• 2. Drugs are artificial, dynamic and targeted. For such systems, control problems, problems of analysis and synthesis of controlled and control systems, which can be studied, solved and modeled by cybernetics methods, are relevant.
• 3. If we are talking about a control system, then there are problems of choosing the optimal solution and assessing the effectiveness of control. The solution to these problems is provided by the methods of operations research.
• 4. Any organizational and economic activity, and hence the management of logistic flow processes, is unthinkable without their long-term planning, without scientifically substantiated forecasts of parameters and trends in the development of the external environment, indicators of logistic processes in drugs, etc. Such tasks are solved on the basis of methods and principles of prognostics.

The practical application of systems analysis in logistics research involves, as a rule, the implementation of the following main stages:

building a model in the format of the studied system or logistics subsystem;

system modeling and finding the best solution;

taking into account "external" conditions (as they say, "states of nature") in the solution format;

implementation of the solution.

Systems analysis is based on many principles, i.e. provisions of a general nature, generalizing the experience of a person with complex systems. One of the basic principles of systems analysis is the principle of the ultimate goal, which consists in the absolute priority of the global goal and has the following rules:

• 1) to conduct a system analysis, it is necessary first of all to formulate the main goal of the study;
• 2) the analysis should be carried out on the basis of understanding the main purpose of the system under study, which will allow to determine its main properties, quality indicators and evaluation criteria;
• 3) when synthesizing systems, any attempt to change or improve the existing system must be assessed as to whether it helps or hinders the achievement of the final goal;
• 4) the purpose of the functioning of an artificial system is set, as a rule, by a system in which the system under study is an integral part.

The use of system analysis in logistics allows:

define and organize the elements, goals, parameters, tasks and resources of drugs, determine the structure of drugs;

identify the intrinsic properties of a drug that determine its behavior

highlight and classify the links between the elements of drugs;

identify unsolved problems, bottlenecks, uncertainties affecting the operation, possible logistic measures;

formalize semi-structured problems, reveal their content and possible consequences for entrepreneurs;

highlight the list and indicate the appropriate sequence of tasks for the functioning of the drug and its individual elements;

develop models that characterize the problem to be solved from all the main points of view and allow "playing" possible options for action, etc.

The main tasks of the analysis of logistics systems:

to establish the degree of interconnection of the goals of the logistics system with the means of achieving them;

to develop a program for the development of the company's logistics system;

check the effectiveness of the interaction of system elements, identify bottlenecks and eliminate them;

to identify the effectiveness of the organization of enterprise management, functions and structure of management bodies;

to develop specific indicators of the functioning of the logistics system of the enterprise;

formulate the goals of creating a logistics system.

In systems analysis, studies are based on the use of the system category , which is understood as the unity of interrelated and mutually influencing elements located in a certain pattern in space and time, acting together to achieve a common goal. The system must meet two requirements:

The behavior of each element of the system affects the behavior of the system as a whole; the essential properties of the system are lost when it is dismembered.

The behavior of the elements of the system and their impact on the whole are interdependent; the essential properties of the elements of the system are also lost when they are separated from the system. Hegel wrote that a hand, separated from the body, ceases to be a hand, because it is not alive.

Thus, the properties, behavior or state possessed by the system differ from the properties, behavior or state of its constituent elements (subsystems). The system is a whole that cannot be understood through analysis. A system is a set of elements that cannot be divided into independent parts.

The set of properties of the elements of the system does not represent a general property of the system, but gives some new property. Any system is characterized by the presence of its own, specific pattern of action, which cannot be deduced directly from the mere modes of action of its constituent elements.

Any system is a developing system; it has its beginning in the past and its continuation in the future. The concept of a system is a way to find simple in complex in order to simplify analysis.

The elementary system depicted in general view, is shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4. System in general view

Its main parts are input, process, or operation, and output.

In any system, the input consists of elements classified according to their role in the processes taking place in the system. The first element of the input is the one on which some process or operation is carried out. This input is or will be the "load" of the system (raw materials, materials, energy, information, etc.). The second element of the input of the system is the external (environment) environment, which is understood as a set of factors and phenomena that affect the processes of the system and are not amenable to direct management from the side of its leaders.

Not controlled by systems external factors usually can be divided into two categories: random, characterized by distribution laws, unknown laws, or acting without any laws (for example, natural conditions); factors at the disposal of a system that is external and active, reasonably acting in relation to the system in question (for example, regulatory documents, targets).

The goals of the external system may be known, not known exactly, not at all known.

The third entry element provides the placement and movement of system components, for example, various instructions, provisions, orders, that is, it sets the laws of its organization and functioning, goals, restrictive conditions, etc.

Inputs are also classified by content: material, energy, informational, or any combination of these.

The second part of the system is the operations, processes, or channels through which the login elements pass. The system should be arranged in such a way that the necessary processes (production, training, material and technical supply, etc.) act according to a certain law on each input, at the appropriate time to achieve the desired output.

The third part of the system is the output, which is the product or result of its activity. The system at its output must meet a number of criteria, the most important of which are stability and reliability. On exit, they judge the degree of achievement of the goals set for the system.

Distinguish between physical and abstract systems. Physical systems are made up of people, products, equipment, machines, and other real or artificial objects. They are opposed to abstract systems. In the latter, the properties of objects, the existence of which may be unknown, except for their existence in the mind of the investigator, are symbols. Ideas, plans, hypotheses and concepts that are in the field of view of the researcher can be described as abstract systems.

Depending on their origin, they distinguish between natural systems (for example, climate, soil) and those made by man.

According to the degree of connection with the external environment, systems are classified into open and closed.

Open systems are systems that exchange material and information resources or energy with environment in a regular and understandable way.

The opposite open systems are closed.

Closed systems operate with relatively little exchange of energy or materials with the environment, such as a chemical reaction in a hermetically sealed vessel. In the business world, closed systems are virtually non-existent and the environment is considered to be the main driver of business success and failure. various organizations... However, representatives of various schools of management of the first 60 years of the last century, as a rule, did not care about the problems of the external environment, competition and everything else that is external to the organization. The closed-system approach assumed what should be done to optimize the use of resources, taking into account only what is happening within the organization.

The functioning of real logistics systems is characterized by the presence of complex relationships both within these systems and in their relationship with the environment. Under these conditions, making private decisions, without taking into account the general goals of the system's functioning and the requirements imposed on it, may turn out to be insufficient, and possibly erroneous.

As an example, the movement of granulated sugar from a manufacturing plant to stores. Suppose that the management of the plant, without agreement with the wholesale and retail links, has decided to introduce powerful equipment for filling granulated sugar into paper bags. The question arises: how will the entire commodity distribution system, adapted to transport, store and perform other technological operations with granulated sugar packed in bags, perceive this innovation? It is possible that a failure will occur in its work.

In accordance with the requirements of the systematic approach, the decision on the packaging of granulated sugar at the manufacturing plant should be made in conjunction with other decisions, the overall goal of which is to optimize the total material flow.

Systems analysis does not exist as a rigorous methodological concept. This is a kind of set of cognitive principles, the principle of coordinating information, reliability, resource and other characteristics of the systems being designed;

the principle of the absence of conflicts between the goals of individual subsystems and the goals of the entire system, the observance of which makes it possible to orient specific research in a certain way.

When forming logistics systems, the following principles of the systems approach should be taken into account:

the principle of consistent progress through the stages of creating a system. Compliance with this principle means that the system must first be investigated at the macro level, that is, in relationship with the environment, and then at the micro level, i.e. within its structure;

Delays in delivery, lack of control over the movement of goods in transit, low level of digitalization, outdated software - in fact, all this may be the result of only one (maximum - two) main reasons. The task of systems analysis is just to get to the bottom of it and not waste time on solving many negative consequences. How to do such an analysis quickly?

System analysis in logistics - what is a system and a systems approach

At the household level, we all know what a system is. This is something ordered, these are several objects between which there are certain relationships. Systems analysis helps to find these relationships.

On the basis of this understanding of the system, the principles of a systematic approach in the analysis of any problem are also formed:

• not to consider the part separately (out of connection) from the whole, and at the same time move in order through all stages of the logistics system,
• be based on the assumption that basically the problems are a consequence of one or two reasons (and it is the cause that needs to be found, and not to deal with the consequences),
• all elements of the logistics system should not contradict each other and work "in harmony",
• and finally, the goals of the individual elements of the logistics system should coincide with the goals of the entire system as a whole.

Systems analysis in logistics - stages of analysis

When analyzing in logistics, the main problem becomes - how to make complex things simple, how to divide a large problem into several small tasks. And as a result - to study and analyze, and in the end - to solve precisely these small tasks (not forgetting that each of the tasks is just a part of the whole - to look for common problems, common causes and common methods of solution).

As a result, like any other analysis, system analysis in logistics is a few stages:

• we divide the general logistic problem into tasks,
• we collect data,
• we process data, research, look for suitable methods of working with data, methods for solving tasks,
• we combine the obtained solutions so as to ultimately obtain solutions for the general (initial problem),
• visualization of the obtained solutions (for presenting the findings to the management and colleagues).

System analysis in logistics - the complexity of the solution

What difficulties do we face in system analysis?

• It is not clear how to divide a global problem on subtasks (this will help a clear systematization of all logistics processes in the company - right down to every small routine step. Having done this work once, you will often use this knowledge in the future).
• Collecting data for analysis - often data that are somehow related to logistics are stored in different departments - from sales people, from marketing, partly - in a database from IT specialists. As a result, collecting the necessary information becomes a whole problem - either the right person is not there, then the programmer has a queue for tasks and you have to wait.
• After receiving the data, it is necessary to process, prepare for analysis - bring all numbers, abbreviations, etc. to a single form. And all this has to be done manually.
• During the analysis itself, we apply formulas and perform all calculations almost by hand (yes, Excel can count, but a person writes the formula for it every time).
• And finally, each time it is necessary to present the findings in a beautiful and understandable form, and not in the form of a tabular “sheet” with numbers. But as always, there is not enough knowledge or time.

Conclusion: 80% of all of the above is routine work that needs to be eliminated. In the modern world, this work must be done by machines (programs).
Sample report: availability of goods in warehouses (made in)

System analysis in logistics - tools and services for work

How do large companies operate? Do they also do their analyzes in Excel?

• Of course, Excel is the most popular and most available tool for analysis. But many operations have to be done manually. This means that the time to complete the analysis or report is stretched.
• Many companies are implementing complex accounting systems with wide functionality and data visualization capabilities. But - the implementation of such programs takes time, and the maintenance - the budget (for the salaries of specialists who will make reports for you).
• On international market among small and large companies, self-service analytics solutions (such as