Presentation on the topic of types of agricultural products. Agriculture and agro-industrial complex

GRAIN FARMING The main grain crops of the Russian Federation are rye, wheat, barley, oats, buckwheat, millet, corn. The main grain crops of the Russian Federation are rye, wheat, barley, oats, buckwheat, millet, corn, legumes, peas, beans, lentils, soybeans. legumes peas, beans, lentils, soybeans.

WHEAT The main grain crop, wheat, is sown on fertile lands in the forest-steppe and steppe zones. In the Volga region, in the south of the Urals and in Siberia, spring wheat is sown, and only in the Central Black Earth Region and in the North Caucasus, where milder winters are more productive winter crops, which are sown in the fall (before winter). The main grain crop, wheat, is sown on fertile lands in the forest-steppe and steppe zones. In the Volga region, in the south of the Urals and in Siberia, spring wheat is sown, and only in the Central Black Earth Region and in the North Caucasus, where milder winters are more productive winter crops, which are sown in the fall (before winter).

RIS Rice is demanding on heat and moisture, therefore the main areas of rice cultivation are the North Caucasus ( Krasnodar region), The Volga region (between the Volga and Akhtuba rivers) and the Primorsky Territory. Rice is picky about heat and moisture, so the main areas of rice cultivation are the North Caucasus (Krasnodar Territory), the Volga region (between the Volga and Akhtuba rivers) and Primorsky Territory.

FLAX The main area of flax cultivation is the North-West region of Russia, as well as some regions of the Northern (Vologda region) and Central (Kostroma, Yaroslavl regions) economic regions. Our country is the main producer of this crop in the world.

POTATO Potato planting, the production of which Russia holds first place in the world, occupies over 3 million hectares (with a third of the area being in the Central and Volga-Vyatka economic regions). But the average yield of this crop in all regions is below the world average. Up to 90% of the potato harvest falls on personal and household plots.

The production of vegetables, fruits and berries is mostly concentrated in the southern regions of the European part of the Russian Federation (North Caucasus, Volga region, Central Chernozem region). The North Caucasus is a leading producer of grapes and fruits, and in Black sea coast grow tea and tobacco. The lower Volga region is famous for its tomatoes and watermelons

Cattle breeding - Cattle Dairy Dairy Meat Meat Meat and dairy Meat and dairy Dairy farming distributed mainly in the more humid forest zone, and meat in the dry forest-steppe and steppe. Dairy cattle breeding is widespread mainly in the more humid forest zone, and meat cattle breeding in dry forest-steppe and steppe.

Pig breeding has been developed in areas where sugar beet and sunflower are grown, the processing waste of which is used as feed for pigs, as well as near industrial centers, where food waste from enterprises is also used as feed. Catering... Cattle breeding - pig breeding

The first livestock industry that began to approach industrial production... Birds in poultry farms are fed approximately the same as pigs, therefore the largest are located in the North Caucasus, Lower Don, Chernozem region. Most of the eggs are produced in Moscow, Leningrad, Sverdlovsk regions, Krasnodar Territory. Poultry farming is an integral part of the suburban economy. Poultry

Tundra and forest-tundra zone The main specialization of agriculture is reindeer husbandry, combined with hunting and fishing. The main specialization of agriculture is reindeer husbandry, combined with hunting and fishing. Conditions for agriculture are unfavorable here. Conditions are unfavorable for agriculture here.

Mixed forest zone Crop production: flax, cereals (rye, oats, barley) and forage crops, potatoes and vegetables. Crop production: flax, cereals (rye, oats, barley) and forage crops, potatoes and vegetables. Breeding of dairy and meat cattle prevails in animal husbandry. dairy direction... Breeding of dairy and meat-and-milk cattle prevails in animal husbandry. Pig and poultry breeding developed around numerous industrial centers. Pig and poultry breeding developed around numerous industrial centers.

Steppe and forest-steppe of Western Siberia Plant growing: grain crops. Crop production: grain crops. Little fodder crops are grown here. Little fodder crops are grown here. Dairy farming is well developed (on natural pastures and hayfields). Dairy farming is well developed (on natural pastures and hayfields).

South of the Black Earth Zone of Russia Grain and industrial crops are grown (wheat, rye, oats, sugar beets, sunflowers, corn, potatoes, fodder tubers). Cereals and industrial crops are grown (wheat, rye, oats, sugar beets, sunflowers, corn, potatoes, fodder tubers). A lot of fodder waste is provided by the technical processing of potatoes and grain. A lot of fodder waste is provided by the technical processing of potatoes and grain. Base for breeding cattle, pigs, poultry. Base for breeding cattle, pigs, poultry. Horticulture is an important industry in this region. Horticulture is an important industry in this region.

Steppes Sowing wheat and corn (for livestock feed) Sowing wheat and corn (for cattle feed) Cattle (meat and dairy direction) or sheep breeding, depending on the aridity of the climate, Cattle (meat and dairy direction) or sheep breeding, depending on the aridity of the climate Special type - monsoon climate Special type - monsoon climate

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Agriculture Russia Crop and Livestock Prepared by the teacher of geography, GOU SOSH №220, Moscow, SAO Khorbatova Maria Vladimirovna

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Questions addressed in the lesson: Agriculture is a primary sector of the sector The main features of agriculture The sectoral composition of agriculture Geography of crop production Lesson 1.

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New concepts and concepts: - agricultural land, - agriculture, - industrial crops, - animal husbandry Students should be able to: - name the main branches of agriculture, - name the types of agricultural land; - show on the map and explain the geography of the location of the main cereals and industrial crops

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Agriculture is the oldest branch of the economy that provides people with food and raw materials for industry.

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One of the most important factors in the development of agriculture is the size and quality of agricultural land. The structure of land in Russia. Land used in agriculture is called agricultural land. Question? How can one explain that with such a large area of the entire territory of Russia, the share of agricultural land is so small?

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Distinctive features of agriculture: Depends on natural conditions The land is both a means of labor and an object of labor. An agricultural enterprise usually covers a large area.

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Plant growing. Cereals: rye, wheat, barley, oats, corn, millet, buckwheat, rice, as well as legumes (peas, beans, soybeans, lentils). Industrial crops: - sunflower fiber flax - sugar beet - production of vegetables - production of berries and fruits - melons and gourds - viticulture - potatoes - tea, citrus fruits

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Assignment: fill in the table: indicate with a "+" sign the crop requirements for this condition are high, and with a "-" sign that the crop is undemanding to this condition.

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Assignment: work with a map and a textbook, determine in which regions of Russia these industrial crops are grown. Industrial crops: - sunflower fiber flax - sugar beet - production of vegetables - production of berries and fruits - melons and gourds - viticulture - potatoes - tea, citrus fruits

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Self-test: Tea, citrus fruits - North Caucasus. Sunflower - North Caucasus (Rostov Region and Krasnodar Territory) Fiber flax - the south of the forest zone of the European part. Sugar beets - Central Black Earth Region and North Caucasus Vegetables - North Caucasus - near large cities (greenhouses) Fruits and berries - North Caucasus, Volga region, Central Black Earth regions. Grapes - North Caucasus Melons and gourds - North Caucasus, Volga region Potatoes - central region of the European part

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Reflection Questions: 5. In which area is the most concentrated industrial crops. Name the branches of agriculture. List the crops. What place does Russia occupy in the world in the production of grain and leguminous crops? List technical crops.

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Homework. §4 Page 29 questions 1,2 in writing Contour maps p. 2-3 all on assignment

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Lesson 2. Questions to be considered in the lesson: - Studying animal husbandry and its zonal specialization. - Analysis of statistical data, maps "Agriculture" - Development of skills to navigate in the flow of information about geographic objects.

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Examination homework: Geographical dictation: The most important grain crop in Russia is: A) buckwheat B) oats C) wheat 2. In the Non-Black Earth Region they grow: A) fiber flax b) sugar beets c) sunflower 3. Where rice is grown A) Ural b) Volga region c) Kuban 4. The share of agricultural land is the largest ... A) in the forest zone b) in the forest-steppe c) in the steppe d) in the semi-desert 5. Distribute crops Cereals 2. Technical 3. Legumes Rice, wheat, buckwheat, lentils, fiber flax, soybeans, rye, millet, sunflower, corn

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Self-test: 1. The most important grain crop in Russia is: A) buckwheat B) oats C) wheat 2. In the Non-Black Earth Region they grow: A) fiber flax b) sugar beets c) sunflower 3. Where rice is grown A) Urals b) Volga region c) Kuban 4. The share of agricultural land is the largest ... A) in the forest zone b) in the forest-steppe c) in the steppe d) in the semi-desert 5. Distribute crops 1. Grain 2. Technical 3. Legumes Rice, wheat, buckwheat, lentils, fiber flax, soybeans, rye, millet, sunflower, corn

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Livestock raising arose 10 thousand years ago. The main features of animal husbandry are: - It accounts for more than half of the value of all agricultural products - It employs 70% of the workers in the industry - Produces the most valuable food products.

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Agriculture

Livestock

Study plan of the topic: Agriculture is the second leading branch of material production The concept of the "green revolution"

Significance and composition of the industry Employment of the population Types of agriculture Agriculture in developed countries Agriculture in developing countries Agriculture is the second leading branch of material production

The value of the industry Provides the world's population with food, contributes to the preservation of the vitality of a person who is directly involved in the creation of material wealth

The value and composition of the industry Agriculture is the oldest and most dependent on natural conditions branch of the economy Agriculture is the way of life for most of the world's population By the level of development of the agro-industrial complex and employment in it, one can judge the level of development of the country However, in terms of growth rates, world agriculture is inferior most other large industries, and it is in recent times these rates have slowed down even more.

Composition of the agro-industrial complex: Agriculture Livestock raising Plant growing 2nd link of the agro-industrial complex Production of machinery, equipment, fertilizers, toxic chemicals, animal feed Procurement, processing, and sale of products. Light and food industry, public catering 1 link of the agro-industrial complex 3 link of the agro-industrial complex

Agriculture schematic map

Facts and Figures Worldwide, the industry employs about 1.3 billion people. The largest producers of agricultural products: China - over 11% of world production; USA - about 10%; India - 7%; Brazil - 6%. By the production of agricultural products per capita, the leaders are: Greece, Switzerland, Denmark, Finland, Norway.

Main types of agriculture

Agriculture in the developed countries Capitalist relations of production are characteristic of the agriculture of the economically developed countries of the West. The main production unit in them has long been family farm... Its average size depends on local historical, social, natural conditions and specialization: in Australia, for example, it reaches 1.8 thousand hectares, in the USA and Canada - about 200 hectares, while in Western Europe it is 17 hectares, in Japan - 2 hectares. Employed 2-3% of EAN In developed countries, the agro-industrial complex acquired the form of AGRIBUSINESS, which, along with the production of agricultural products, included its processing, storage, transportation, production of equipment, fertilizers. High level of specialization farms... In the era of scientific and technological revolution, agricultural production reached the maximum possible level of mechanization and chemicalization. Now the main role plays the introduction of microelectronics, automation, achievements of breeding, genetics, biotechnology.

Commodity consumer agriculture in developing countries This sector is represented primarily by large, well-organized plantations that occupy the best lands, widely use hired labor, machinery, fertilizers, and artificial irrigation. Consumer, low-commodity agriculture predominates, mainly crop production. It is represented by hundreds of millions of small farms that grow cereals, legumes, tubers (sweet potatoes, cassava, yams). Slash and burn agriculture. result: yield 40-50 c / ha result: yield 15-20 c / ha

The concept of the "green revolution" In the 60-70s. XX century. a new concept has entered the international lexicon - the "green revolution", which refers primarily to developing countries. This is a complex, multicomponent concept, which in the very general plan can be interpreted as the use of the achievements of genetics, selection. The Green Revolution in developing countries has three main components: the development of new varieties of crops. The second component of the "green revolution" is irrigation. The third component of the "green revolution" is the actual industrialization of agriculture,

1. The meaning and results of the "green revolution" 2. Examples of the manifestation of the green revolution in developing countries. 3. Identify the pros and cons of the green revolution.

Agriculture and scientific and technological revolution

Agrarian relations are land relations in the village, forms of land tenure and land use, the nature of the socio-economic laws in force in this sector

Agriculture and environment As fertilizers increase per hectare of arable land, the yield grows very quickly at first, but after reaching a certain limit, this growth stops. 1/3 of fertilizers entering the fields is washed off by melt and rainwater into reservoirs and watercourses, while nitrogen fertilizers decompose the organic matter of humus and deplete the soil; an excess of nitrates and phosphates leads to a decrease in the quality of human food, contributing to the spread of anemia and carcinogenic diseases. In reservoirs, chemical fertilizers cause the process of their re-enrichment with nutrients, which are assimilated by aquatic plants, deteriorating the quality of water (loss of oxygen and saturation with hydrogen sulfide). The massive use of pesticides - insecticides, pesticides, herbicides, defoliants is dangerous due to an indirect effect on living organisms, since they have the ability to accumulate in the body as you move along the food chain causing unwanted side effects and even genetic damage.

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Lesson topic Agriculture. Plant growing. Geography teacher Korytina Lyubov Ivanovna school number 1188 Moscow

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Questions addressed in the lesson: Agriculture is a primary sector The main features of agriculture The sectoral composition of agriculture Geography of crop production

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Agriculture is a branch of the economy that provides people with food, and industry - raw materials.

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Self-test Agriculture uses the "productive forces of nature": soil fertility, sunlight and heat, rainfall, natural vegetation (pastures and hayfields)

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Exercise. 1. Analyze columns 1 - 6 of the table. Appendix 5 (page 279 of the textbook) 2. Compare the area of agricultural land in Russia with the area of agricultural land in other countries. 3. Name the differences identified and the reasons for these differences.

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Sectoral composition of agriculture: Agriculture Livestock (crop production - 53% of the value of all agricultural products in Russia) crop industries: - grain crops QUESTION? - leguminous crops - industrial crops Give an example of evidence - oilseeds - potato growing - the relationship of agricultural sectors - vegetable growing - melon farming. - gardening - viticulture

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Exercise. Using the textbook § 4, pp. 25-28, Fig. 12, 13 pp. 26-27, fill in the table and draw a conclusion about the geography of the location of crop growing branches Agriculture industry culture Cultivation areas Cereals Wheat: winter spring Rye Rice Buckwheat Industrial crops Vegetable growing, horticulture

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Question? 1. How do industrial crops differ from cereals? 2. Determine, using rice 12 page 26 of the textbook, what is the specialization of agriculture in the Moscow region, in Moscow?

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Task Indicate on the diagram the factors influencing the development of agriculture, and the features that distinguish this industry from other sectors of the economy (industry, transport, etc.) Agriculture Development factors Features

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Answer Agriculture Development factors Features - area of agricultural land; -quality of agricultural land; agroclimatic conditions - dependence on natural conditions - seasonal production - zonal specialization

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Question? What environmental problems are associated with agricultural development and how can they be avoided?

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Test Choose the option of the correct answer 1. The main crop production is: A) grain farming B) industrial crops C) vegetable growing and horticulture 2. The most important crop of grain farming is: A) rice B) wheat C) oats 3. In which economic region is sugar beet grown : A) Central B) Central Black Earth C) North-West

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4. From what culture in Russian villages they knew how to make an elegant linen - cambric ("northern silk"): A) cotton B) hemp C) fiber flax 5. To the west of the Volga they sow: A) winter wheat B) spring wheat 6. In what natural areas most intensive agriculture? A) forest and forest-steppe B) forest-steppe and steppe C) steppe and semi-desert

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Self-test 1. The basis of crop production is: A) grain farming B) industrial crops C) vegetable growing and horticulture 2. The most important crop of grain farming is: A) rice B) wheat C) oats 3. In which economic region are sugar beets grown: A) Central B) Central Black Earth C) North-West

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General data: Agriculture - a branch of the national economy that is engaged in crop production or animal husbandry, is the leading branch of the Russian agro-industrial complex. Russia ranks third in the world in terms of agricultural land area. Arable land, pastures and perennial plantations amount to 208.4 million hectares. Almost the entire territory of the country is located in the zone of risky farming.

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Livestock raising. There are several branches of animal husbandry in Russia: cattle breeding (dairy, milk and meat, meat and dairy and meat directions), sheep breeding, pig breeding, poultry breeding, horse breeding, goat breeding, camel breeding, yak breeding, maral breeding, reindeer breeding, beekeeping, fur farming, pond fishing.

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Cattle breeding The development of cattle is typical for areas of forest and forest-steppe zones: North-West, North (Vologda region), Central, Volgo-Vyatka, Ural (Perm region, Udmurtia).

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Livestock breeding areas: Dairy and livestock specialization - HIGH% of cows in the herd (breeds of Yaroslavl, Kholmogorskaya, etc.). Meat, dairy and meat direction - the steppe zone and areas of the semi-desert zone (the southern part of the regions of the Central Chernozem region, the North Caucasian region, the Lower Volga region, the south of the Urals and Siberia). In the composition of the herd, less than% of cows and more - young animals. Waste from the processing of industrial crops is used - sugar beet, sunflower, etc.

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Sheep breeding Widespread in the steppe, foothill and mountainous regions of the North Caucasus, steppe and semi-desert regions of the Lower Volga region (Kalmykia, Astrakhan and Volgograd regions) and South Urals(Orenburg region). Sheep of various breeds and directions are bred in Russia: To the north and center of the forest zone of European Russia - sheepskin-fur coat direction (Romanov breed, etc.). In the steppe regions of the North Caucasus, the Volga region, the Urals, Western and Eastern Siberia, fine-fleece and semi-fine fleece sheep breeding. In the arid regions of Dagestan and the Stavropol Territory in the North Caucasus, in Kalmykia and the Astrakhan region in the Lower Volga region, there are coarse-wool sheep of the meat-feeding direction (fat-tailed breeds).

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Pig breeding is widely represented in the regions of developed grain farming, potato growing, beet growing (Central Chernozem, North Caucasian, Volgo-Vyatsky, Povolzhsky). The basis of pig feeding is waste Food Industry and catering. Pigs are bred with greasy, meat, ham and bacon directions.

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Poultry Production of eggs and poultry meat. They rely on feed based on feed grain - in the North Caucasus, in the Central Black Earth Region, the Volga region. Gravitates towards places of consumption of products - densely populated areas (Central, North-West), large cities.

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Horse breeding and camel breeding Equine breeding is developed in the North Caucasus, the south of the Urals and Siberia (mountain-steppe regions of Altai, Buryatia and Yakutia). Camel breeding is located in arid steppe and semi-desert regions of Kalmykia, Astrakhan, Volgograd and Orenburg regions. They are used as a draft force, a source of high quality wool and milk.

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Reindeer husbandry Branch of specialization of tundra and northern taiga areas (Northern region - Magadan and Arkhangelsk regions, Komi Republic; Siberia - Tyumen region, Krasnoyarsk region; Far East - Kamchatka region, Sakha Republic). Moss and lichen pastures serve as a forage base for deer.

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Ecological problems branches: Crop production: reduction of natural vegetation to farmland, plowing of land; processing (loosening) the soil, especially with the use of a moldboard plow; application mineral fertilizers and pesticides; land reclamation; destruction of soil ecosystems; loss of humus; destruction of the structure and compaction of the soil; water and wind erosion of soil.

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Environmental problems of the industry: Livestock: overgrazing; unprocessed waste of livestock complexes. General violations: pollution of surface waters (rivers, lakes, seas); groundwater pollution; deforestation; violation of the water regime in large areas (during drainage or irrigation); desertification; destruction of natural habitats of many species of living organisms and, as a result, the extinction and disappearance of rare and other species. a decrease in the content of vitamins and microelements in crop production and the accumulation of harmful substances (nitrates, pesticides, hormones, antibiotics, etc.) in both crop and livestock production.