Tourism management bodies in the Russian Federation. Tourism management. Features of the formation of the tourist market of the Sverdlovsk region

State Duma deputy said he was ready to initiate a relevant bill

On January 26, a deputy from the LDPR faction, Roman Khudyakov, in his interview to the Mir24 TV channel, expressed the idea of ​​the need to create a ministry of tourism in Russia. Despite the fact that he spoke about it in the subjunctive mood - "we can be one of the initiators of the development of this bill", the topic caused a great resonance in the media, and they started talking about the bill on the creation of a new government body as something already real, if not say - inevitable.

The topic itself is not new: market participants periodically advocate the creation of a separate Ministry of Tourism. As a rule, this happens during the next reshuffle in the structures of power, and the last time they started talking about it at the time of the transfer of Rostourism to the subordination of the Ministry of Culture. Now the topic has become relevant against the background of both everything that is happening on the market and the legislative processes taking place in the power structures.

It should be noted that Roman Khudyakov spoke about the creation of the ministry exclusively in the context of the development of domestic tourism: “The Ministry will provide a specific approach to tourist destination... I'll be honest: you need a separate structural subdivision that would directly deal with our resorts ”,– the deputy said.

Now domestic tourism is really in a demand trend - many tour operators and agents are switching to it. However, how much does the market really need the Ministry of Tourism? The opinion of experts on this matter is not unambiguous: on the one hand, it will not change anything globally, but on the other, this question may be economically justified.

Georgy Mokhov, Deputy Minister of Culture of the Moscow Region:

“Today, and so there is a ministry, which is in charge of tourism issues - everything that is needed has already been created and quite well-organized. Of course, if the structures are brought into a separate ministry, then the status of the tourism industry will noticeably increase, although, in fact, nothing will change from this in terms of work.

But if back in 2013 I was against the separation of a separate Ministry of Tourism, now I rather support this idea.– due to how much the economic conditions in which the tourism industry exists. Perhaps the creation of a separate ministry would be a serious step towards changing the attitude of the state machine towards tourism as an independent economic sphere. "

Ilya Umansky, general manager tour operator "Alean":

“It is fashionable now to raise the topic of domestic tourism, although in reality it would be fairer to talk about the development of both inbound and outbound tourism... The desire to get their own ministry is due to the fact that the industry was constantly transferred from one structure to another, and therefore everyone, of course, wants certainty and stability. But, by and large, it is not so important which organization controls the industry, but who exactly is at the helm. If this is a person who understands the specifics of the market, can lobby for its interests and knows what and for whom he is doing, then it does not matter whether he is the Minister of Tourism or the head of a federal agency. "

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In many countries that are popular with tourists, a great deal of responsibility lies.

It is the ministry that controls the activities of all firms, one way or another related to the organization of tourism, and provides this industry legislative framework... In Russia, these functions are performed by the Ministry of Sports, Tourism and Youth Policy. His powers include: submitting projects federal laws to the Government of the Russian Federation, making decisions necessary for the development different types sports in the country, coordinates the implementation of projects related to the development of tourism in the country.

In addition, it is the Ministry that is responsible for the distribution of funds aimed at the development of the tourism sector of the economy between the regions. In the process of allocating funds, the interests of not specific firms are taken into account, but the interests of the regions as a whole. In addition, an important task of the Ministry is to control the activities of organizations that operate in the field of tourism.

All activities of the Ministry of Tourism can be divided into two areas: internal and external. Internal activities primarily include the regulation and control of the activities of travel companies and other companies associated with the tourist flow to the country. This is especially true for those countries where income from tourists makes up a significant part of the budget. For these countries, it is extremely important to create favorable conditions for guests, in particular, to simplify the process of collecting documents required to enter the country as much as possible, to improve the quality of international passenger transportation, as well as provide visitors with infrastructure.

For many tourists, the availability of hotels of a certain class is more important than natural beauty or historical sites. In addition, it is necessary to create a good reputation that would attract a large number of tourists from all over the world. TO external activities can be attributed to the conclusion of various kinds of agreements that can increase the activity of tourists by simplifying the procedures associated with the preparation of the necessary documents.

The Ministry of Tourism plays the role of a kind of regulator, stimulating or, conversely, slowing down the growth of the tourist flow to the country. Of course, it is impossible to attract tourists to a country where basic conditions for visitors have not been created. That is why the tourism industry is directly related to the construction and transport industries. Only full development in all directions can significantly increase the number of foreigners wishing to visit a certain country. However, it is important to note that tourists are not necessarily foreigners.

In many countries, domestic tourism is actively developing, involving recreation in their own country, and not abroad. Many people quite rightly believe that if people from all over the world go to their country to rest, then there is no point in going somewhere during the vacation. This approach allows you not only to save time and money, but also to get to know your own country better. Often in European countries, the Ministry of Tourism is engaged in the development of this particular type of tourism. For the state, the benefit in this case is obvious: money is spent inside the country, replenishing the local budget. Hotels are often built to attract local tourists. Thus, travel business continues to develop, and government agencies, one way or another related to tourism, are becoming increasingly important.

Target- to form a conceptual apparatus about the hospitality industry.

PLAN:

1. The structure of the tourism industry.

2. Characteristics of the main objects of the tourism industry.

3. Indicators of tourism development.

Tourism industry structure

Tourism industry as part of economic system presented by suppliers tourist services(by enterprises organizing the production of services based on the use of three factors of tourism production - capital, tourism resources and labor) and travel agencies organizing the processes of forming a tourist package from single services and bringing the finished tourist product to the end consumer.

A separate part of the tourism infrastructure are organizations (public and private) or their associations that perform general regulatory and corrective functions in relation to tourism and the tourism market (line ministries, associations, self-regulatory organizations, Exhibitions).

Being an intersectoral complex, the tourism industry produces goods and services at enterprises that differ in the share of tourism services proper. Some of them produce goods exclusively for tourists, others - not only for tourists. Accordingly, the following sectors of the tourism industry are distinguished:

Typical travel companies providing typical tour services: tourist accommodation companies, tour operators, travel agencies, tourism regulators specialized in tourism transport companies, rental points tourist equipment etc.;

· Atypical tourist enterprises producing typical tourist products: souvenirs, goods for recreation, means of transportation, literature on tourism; providing excursion services, organizing entertainment, credit services, insurance, marketing in the field of tourism, issuing visas;

Atypical travel companies producing atypical tourism products and services: sporting goods, clothing for recreation and tourism, photographic goods, cosmetical tools, medicines, services Catering, hairdressing salons, coaching services, cultural and educational services, medical services.

The first group of enterprises is the primary tourist services enterprises. The second and third are tourist enterprises of secondary tourist services.

Means of production of a tourist product - there are objects of the material or non-material world, organizations, associations or information that allow for the efficient production of a tourist product. The composition of the means of production of a tourist product can be attributed to three main components - infrastructure, the suprastructure of the tourism industry and the information field.

Tourism infrastructure - is an integral part of the economic system that provides a normal and effective operation tourism industry, intended directly for use in the production, promotion and sale of a tourist product and is directly dependent on the state of tourism in the region. The elements of tourism infrastructure are:

1. Material base of specialized business entities (travel operators, agents, manufacturers of tourist goods, excursion bureaus);

2. The system of state bodies promoting the creation legal framework, control and regulation of tourism in the region (corresponding state enterprises, organizations, institutions);

3. The system of non-profit and commercial organizations, enterprises and institutions functioning to support and develop tourism in the region (tourist exchanges, exhibitions, fairs, etc.).

Tourism suprastructure is a part of the economic system that also ensures the effective functioning of the tourism industry, the production of a high-quality and attractive tourist product, but originally intended to meet the needs of both tourists and other consumers in the market, which indirectly depends on the state of tourism in the region. The suprastructure is designed not only to participate in the production of a tourist product, it also has whole line economic or social functions... However, becoming involved in the production of tourism services as a means of production, the elements of the suprastructure become indirectly (usually through the state of the consumer market) dependent on the level of tourism development in the region.

The elements of the tourism industry suprastructure are:

■ material and technical base of a number of business entities (hotels, transport companies, housing and communal services, catering establishments, etc.);

■ government agencies or organizations (communications, post office, telegraph, roads);

■ foreign state institutions, representations (consular services).

In order to become the means of production of a tourist product, the elements of its infrastructure and suprastructure must have following characteristics:

■ be located in close proximity to the factors of production of a tourist product (it is the presence of infrastructure and suprastructure that makes tourist resources available, and travel to them comfortable and safe, which increases their value as a factor in the production of a tourist product);

■ meet a certain level of quality (both national and international standards);

■ be able to expand, upgrade and modify.

All elements of both infrastructures and suprastructures are interconnected, which allows the effective functioning of a single tourism industry. The types of relationships between individual elements of the suprastructure and infrastructure can be conditionally divided into direct and indirect. The direct types of interconnection of these elements include monetary or financial (implying mutual settlements), client (exchange of clients and supply of clients to each other), corporate (in the case of unity of management), labor (transfer of employees from one enterprise to another). Indirect relationships between elements of tourism infrastructure and suprastructure are carried out through the budget through the fiscal policy of the authorities (for example, the relationship between hotels, transport companies, state or municipal road services and housing and communal services) or through the income of the local population (for example, the development of certain elements of infrastructure or suprastructure gives local residents additional earnings, turning them into active clients of other enterprises in the tourism industry).

In the conditions of modern tourism, the relationship between enterprises that form the infrastructure and suprastructure of the tourism industry is characterized by the following trends:

■ the growing dependence of suprastructure enterprises on the state of tourism in the region (many theorists already refer to hotels or airlines as tourism infrastructure enterprises, although initially they were not);

■ overgrowth of the tourism industry with more and more new enterprises of the suprastructure (for example, banking institutions have already become such at the moment, Insurance companies, car rental companies, film manufacturers, etc.), which is explained by the growing economic effect of tourism development;

■ the formation of elements of the tourism infrastructure as elements of the suprastructure of other spheres of production (for example, tour operators are turning into consultants for shipbuilders or aircraft designers, restaurants are becoming customers of agricultural producers, etc.).

Information field - as a means of production of a tourist product is a set of means and methods of transmitting tourist or business information over a distance. Information is currently both a production resource that allows certain adjustments to create the most attractive tourist product, and the only way to promote a tourist product in the world tourist market.

Conditionally tourist information can be classified into input, of interest to the manufacturer of the tourist product itself (information about arriving tourists, information about marketing research consumers of the tourism market, about the international situation, etc.), and outgoing, reflecting the interests of the manufacturer of the tourism product (information about tourism resources and the competitive advantages of a tourism product, specialized and business information, advertising, etc.).

In order to become the most effective means of producing a tourist product, the information field must meet a number of requirements:

■ be as mobile as possible and promptly reagent;

■ be reliable and exclude possible interference in communications;

■ differ in breadth of coverage;

■ be accessible to the maximum number of users.

The structure of tourism consists of links, levels and links. The links are departments and other divisions, it can also be individual specialists.

They all run the company or parts of it. Managers also belong here, as they connect and coordinate several links. All connections between them are carried out horizontally. The links are combined into levels depending on the tasks to be solved. Different levels have different levels in the hierarchy, so the lower ones are subordinate to the higher ones. Leaders at all levels not only supervise the subordinates, but also perform some functions themselves.

Tourism structure can be linear when each performer has only one leader. Orders are given from top to bottom along the chain, while individual links are not allowed to jump. Functional structure more flexible, therefore it is used much more often. Starting from the middle level, specialists are united to carry out a specific, narrowly focused task. The second structure is used more often as large enterprises tourism and small businesses.

The structure of tourism includes organizers who develop a product, promote it on the market and sell it, organizations hosting tourists, catering, transport, excursion bureaus, manufacturing enterprises, trade, educational and scientific. Formation of the product provides for the coordination of the terms of transportation, accommodation, excursions, visits to exhibitions, catering, and so on. Time, goals, cost and quality of all services are systematized and linked together into a single product. Then the travel operators place advertisements in all available media mass media, exhibitions are held for advertising purposes to familiarize as many people as possible with the product. They publish catalogs, issue brochures, participate in fairs.

For the structure of tourism, tour operators are one of the most important links. They sell the product either themselves or through intermediaries called travel agents. Tour operators enter into many contracts with transportation companies, hotel complexes, tour guides, catering establishments, cultural and entertainment centers, and many other participants in the tourism process. They can rent planes, trains, buses, hotels and boats for significant discounts. In this case, they provide customers with much cheaper products. This contributes to increased competitiveness.

National tourism policy is regulated in all countries by national tourism administrations. They collaborate with government bodies governance, both at government and local levels. In Spain, this structure is part of the Ministry of Economy. In the United States, it is absent altogether, but this is an exception. In France, this structure is subordinate to the Ministry of Transport and Public Works. This body is called upon to develop plans for the development of tourism, carry out marketing of the national product, create representative offices abroad to promote the product.

Tourist office

Forms of ownership

Travel agents and tour operators can have a variety of forms of ownership. They can be private, public, joint stock companies- essence entrepreneurial activity and their market functions do not change from this.

Despite the fact that many firms, especially those operating in underdeveloped markets for tourism services, simultaneously perform both functions, i.e. there are agents who undertake the organization of a trip, and tour operators who, in one way or another, independently implement retail sales, it is necessary to distinguish between these two groups of business entities, since the agent retail is an retailer, and the tour operator is a manufacturer of a tourist product.

Depending on the nature of the activities carried out, the bureaus are classified into those engaged in tourism: domestic, international, departures and arrivals, services on the way.

The most common office model is:

Small (up to 6 people),

Organizes own trips abroad to a specific country or area,

Mediates the sale of offers from large travel agencies,

Organizes its own trips within the country,

Mediates in the sale of domestic tourism packages of other bureaus or owners of the hotel base,

Mediates in the sale of international bus tickets,

· Mediates in the sale of tickets for various sports, cultural, entertainment, etc. activity,

- on behalf of the client, deals with the registration of passport and visa formalities,

· Provides insurance.

Topic 2.2. Tourism management in the Republic of Belarus

The relevant authorities are dealing with the problems of tourism in Belarus. a kind of system of organizational and managerial measures for the development of tourism has developed and is constantly operating and improving in the republic.

Activities of the Ministry of Sports and Tourism of the Republic of Belarus

the main role belongs to the Ministry of Sports and Tourism, which is designed to create conditions for involvement in active tourism. It is entrusted with tasks related to planning and financing of mass tourism activities, economic support of this work, management of planned amateur tourism, as well as private issues (development and approval of classification routes, tourist trips, rules for conducting tourist events).

The Ministry of Sports and Tourism of the Republic of Belarus is the central governing body and is subordinate to the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus. The ministry is responsible for conducting public policy in the area of physical culture, sports and tourism. In its activities, the ministry is guided by the legislation of the Republic of Belarus.

The Ministry carries out its activities in cooperation with other ministries and departments, public health and fitness and sports associations, local executive and administrative bodies.

The main tasks include solving problems related to the implementation of a unified state policy in the field of tourism, the development of concepts aimed at improving this area, control over the organization of personnel policy, the implementation of research activities and innovations in the field of tourism services.

The ministry has the right to issue decrees, orders and instructions that are binding on other ministries and other central government bodies, local executive and administrative bodies, as well as legal and individuals; it has the right to represent the republic in the international arena, sign contracts and agreements in the field of tourism.

The Ministry is headed by a minister appointed and dismissed by the President of the Republic of Belarus. Currently, it is Oleg Leonidovich Kachan.

To consider the most important issues in the ministry, a collegium is formed consisting of a minister (chairman of the collegium), deputy ministers by office, as well as other employees of the ministry and subordinate organizations and institutions. The composition of the collegium is approved by the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus. The decisions of the collegium are implemented by orders of the minister.

The Republic of Belarus has a system of tourist authorities and organizations that covers all issues related to tourism. Its influence covers all labor and educational collectives. Its main tasks are to create maximum conditions for the mass involvement of people in active tourism.

Shulga Cheslav Kazimirovich - Deputy Minister of Sports and Tourism, in charge of tourism issues.

The unitary enterprise "National Agency for Tourism of the Republic of Belarus" was created by the Ministry of Sports and Tourism in September 2001 and is designed to provide service maintenance participants in the tourism market. Today the agency's team employs 36 people, it is represented by its head office in Minsk and 5 branches in regional centers.

Together with the UNESCO bureau in Moscow, the national tourism agency supports information project“Youth cultural and educational tourism in Belarus”.

The agency acts as a partner in the joint project Tempus ib-jep-23015-2002 "Creation of a retraining and advanced training center for leaders and specialists of the tourism industry of the Republic of Belarus."