Tire factories. Tire industry in russia. The main elements of the rubber compound of the tire

Tire Is the only part of the car that is in contact with the road. The area of this contact (contact patch) is approximately equal to the area of one human palm, so the car is supported on the road with only four palms! Therefore, the tires are, without a doubt, very important element driving safety.

In addition to the very important task of providing grip and handling of the car, the tire must also have comfort, durability, reduce fuel consumption and complement appearance car. The need to combine such different characteristics makes tire design much more difficult than it might seem at first glance. And making tires involves just as much research and technology as making a mobile phone.

Conventionally, the stages that a tire goes through before getting to store shelves can be divided into 3 stages:

Market analysis

Modeling and testing the model

Mass production

Market analysis

In market research, Michelin pays great attention to the needs of drivers, not only current, but also possible requirements for tires in the future. The development of the automotive market is also being monitored.

Particular attention is paid to the peculiarities of using tires in specific conditions, which include not only driving characteristics, but also climatic conditions, road specifics and surface quality.

All this allows us to fully satisfy the needs of the most demanding customers.

Modeling and testing the model

Based on the data obtained, painstaking work begins on the creation of a future tire. This process involves not only chemists and designers, but also many other specialists, for example, industrial designers.

The success of the future tire depends on the joint work of various specialists. A high-quality and reliable tire is not so much a technological secret as a real art, which consists in the right choice, dosage and relationship of various tire components.

Making a rubber compound

Its development, preparation and manufacture is akin to creating a culinary masterpiece. This is the most secret part of the tire, and although there are about 20 main components widely and well known, it is not possible to learn more about the rubber compound. After all, the secret lies not only in the components of the mixture, but in their competent combination and balance, which will endow the tire with its specific functions.

The main elements of the rubber compound of the tire:

Rubber.There are two types - natural and synthetic, it is added to the rubber compound in different proportions depending on the purpose of the tire, it is its basis. Natural rubber is the dried sap of the hevea tree, also found in other plant species, such as dandelions, but due to the complexity of the production process, they are not produced from the latter.

Synthetic rubber is a product made from petroleum. Currently, several dozen different synthetic rubbers are used, each of which has its own characteristics affecting specific characteristics tires. The latest generations of synthetic rubbers are very close in properties to natural, but the tire industry still cannot abandon the latter.

Carbon black.A significant proportion of the rubber compound consists of industrial carbon black (carbon black), a filler that is available in various versions and gives the tire its specific black color. For the first time, carbon black was used in tires at the beginning of the 20th century, until that time the tires had a pale yellow color (the color of natural rubber). The main purpose of carbon black is to create reliable molecular compounds to give the rubber compound special strength and durability.

Silicon dioxide (silica).This component was once involved in the rubber compound as a replacement for carbon black. In the process of testing the new composition, it was revealed that silicon dioxide cannot displace soot from the rubber compound, since it does not provide the same high rubber strength. However, the new component improved wet grip and reduced rolling resistance. As a result, these two elements are now used together in the tire, while each of them endows the tire with its best qualities.

Sulfur.It is one of the components involved in vulcanization. Through this process, the plastic raw rubber compound is transformed into a resilient and durable rubber.

When creating a tire, work is carried out not only on the characteristics of the tire, but also on the aesthetic side, a large number of different designs of the tread pattern are considered. The use of modeling methods allows you to select a pattern that best complements the existing rubber compound and the internal structure of the future tire. Based on the results of computer modeling best samples are put into production and undergo real tests.

Michelin specialists carry out numerous tests every year, during which they drive over 1.6 billion km. This is about 40,000 trips around the globe. In the process of testing, the latest features of the future tire are being finalized. At the moment when all tests are carried out, and the results correspond to the initial assignment, the tire is launched into mass production.

Production

The initial stage of launching any tire into mass production is the preparation of production sites.

Michelin owns. And the main task of this stage is to customize each manufacturing process in such a way that the tire meets not only the original terms of reference, but in all respects did not differ from a similar tire produced in any other country.

In the subsequent mass production process, each MICHELIN tire is manufactured by highly qualified specialists using different types manual and automatic equipment. When necessary, Michelin designs its own equipment to meet production needs.

The main stages of tire production:

Preparation of rubber compounds. As mentioned above, the formulation of each rubber compound is the basis for endowing the tire with the necessary functions.

Create bus components. At this stage, a tread tape is formed from the obtained rubber, and a "skeleton" of the tire - a carcass and a belt - is also created. The first is made of layers of rubberized textile threads, and the second is made of rubberized high-strength steel cord. The tire bead is also prepared, with the help of which the tire is attached to the rim of the disc. Its main part is a bead ring made of many turns of wire.

Assembly. On a special building drum, layers of the carcass and breaker, bead rings, tread with sidewalls are successively applied. Then all these tire parts are connected into a single whole - the tire blank.

Curing. The prepared workpiece is placed in the mold of the vulcanizer. Inside tires under high pressure steam is supplied, the outer surface of the mold is heated. Under pressure on the sidewalls and tread, a relief pattern is drawn. A chemical reaction (vulcanization) occurs, which gives the rubber its elasticity and strength.

A particularly important element of production is quality control... It starts with checking the quality of each tire element at the procurement stage, is present at every stage of production and ends with a multi-level audit of the finished product..

The guarantee of the quality of Michelin products is also the availability of a production guarantee - 5 years from the date of production. The manufacturer's warranty covers defects in workmanship and materials.

There are many tire manufacturers in the world. In addition to huge tire concerns that have more than 100 years of history and produce tires under several brands at once, automobile rubber is also produced by many small companies, often buying technology and equipment from outside.

It is not easy for a simple buyer to figure out who is who. The site "The First for Tires" collected information about the most famous in Russia and distributed it to the countries - the birthplaces of brands.

In this article, you will learn:

European manufacturers

Continental (Germany)

Exact name " ". One of the oldest and largest tire concerns in the world. Founded in 1871, headquartered in Hanover. It has several subsidiary brands, thanks to which it occupies a leading position in terms of the number of tires sold worldwide. It also produces automotive components. Website: http://www.conti-online.com

Subsidiary brands:

Barum (Czech Republic). It was founded in 1924 in the city of Zlín and was initially engaged in the production of footwear. Owned by Continental since 1995. Website: https://www.barum-tyres.com
Matador (Slovakia). Founded in 1905 in the town of Pukhov, since 2007 it has been owned by Continental. Website: matador.sk
Gislaved (Sweden). Founded in 1883 in the Swedish city of the same name (Yslaved). Owned by Continental since 1992, headquarters Website: http://www.gislaved.de
Uniroyal (America). Founded in 1892 in Akron, Ohio. Owned by Continental since 1979. Website: http://www.uniroyal.com

Michelin (France)

Another of the largest and oldest tire concerns in the world. Founded in 1889, headquartered in Clermont-Ferrand. has several subsidiary brands and a leading position in the number of tires sold worldwide. Website: http://www.michelin.com

Subsidiary brands:

BF Goodrich (America)... Founded in 1870 in Akron, Ohio. Owned by Michelin since 1988. Website: http://bfgoodrich.com/
Kleber (France)... Founded in 1910, has been producing car tires since 1945. Owned by Michelin since 1995. Website: http://www.kleber.fr/
Tigar (Serbia)... Founded in 1935 in the City of Pirot. Owned by Michelin since 2007. Site: tigar.com

Pirelli (Italy)

One of the oldest tire concerns, founded in 1872. Headquarters in Milan. Like all old concerns, Pirelli has several subsidiary brands and a very large volume of tires sold all over the world. It is also engaged in the production of cable products. Website: http://www.pirelli.com

Subsidiary brands:

Formula (Italy)... Founded in 2012 by Pirelli itself. Website: http://www.formula-tyres.com

Nokian (Finland)

By European standards, this is a very young tire concern, founded in 1988, but has already managed to gain quite serious popularity. Headquarters in the city of Nokia. It produces tires under several brands, most of the products are supplied to Russia. Website: https://www.nokiantyres.com/

Subsidiary brands:

Nordman. The Finnish company positions products under the Nordman brand in the economy segment and often sells under this brand the models of the main brand Nokian that were successful in the past. Website: http://www.nordmantyres.com

American manufacturers

Goodyear

One of the largest tire concerns in the world and the owner of one of the most popular brands in history. The brand gained such fame thanks to non-standard advertising campaigns, such as the production and launch of airships, as well as the exclusive production of tires for moon rovers in the American Apollo expeditions. The company was founded in 1898 and is headquartered in Akron, Ohio.

Subsidiary brands:

Dunlop (Britain). The brand belongs to two large concerns - the American GoodYear and the Japanese Bridgestone. It was founded in 1888 in the city of Dublin. since 1999, a portion of the brand has been owned by GoodYear. Website: http://www.dunlop.eu
Sava (Slovenia). Founded in 1931 in the city of Krani. Owned by GoodYear since 1998. Site: sava-tires.com
Fulda (Germany). Founded in the city of the same name in 1900, since 1969 it belongs to the GoodYear concern. Website: http://www.fulda.com

Cooper

Famous American tire brand. Founded in 1914 in Findlay, Ohio. The brand's products are positioned as inexpensive tires with a large resource. Website:

Subsidiary brands:

Mickey Thompson (America). Founded in 1963 by the famous racer Mickey Thompson. Since 2003, it has been owned by the Cooper concern.

Japanese manufacturers

Bridgestone

One of the largest tire concerns in the world, with one of the most valuable brands in history. Founded in 1931, it produces not only tires, but also various rubber products. Has several subsidiary brands. Headquarters in Tokyo. Website: http://www.bridgestone.co.jp/

Subsidiary brands:

Dunlop (Britain). The brand belongs to two large concerns - the American GoodYear and the Japanese Bridgestone. It was founded in 1888 in the city of Dublin. owned by Bridgestone since 1985, and since 1999 by GoodYear. Website: http://www.dunlop.eu
Firestone (America). Founded in 1900 in Nashville, Tennessee. Owned by Bridgestone since 1988. Website: http://firestone.com

Yokohama

The exact name is Yokohama Rubber Company. A large tire concern, founded in 1930 in the city of Yokohama by the Japanese corporation for the production of cable products Yokohama Cable Manufacturing Co. Ltd. And the American BF Goodrich. Headquarters in Tokyo. Website: http://www.y-yokohama.com/

Toyo

The exact name is Toyo Tire & Rubber. Large tire concern, founded in 1943. The brand's products are very well known in the environment of auto racing and various automotive competitions. Headquarters in Osaka city. Website: http://www.toyo-rubber.co.jp

Korean manufacturers

Hankook

The exact name is Hankook Tire, founded in 1941. One of the two largest tire companies in South Korea, manufactures tires for any Vehicle, including various special equipment and aircraft. Headquarters in Seoul. Founded in 1941, Website: http://www.hankooktire.com

Kumho

The exact name is Kumho Tire, founded in 1960. The second largest tire concern in South Korea, it also produces tires for all vehicles. Headquarters in Seoul. Website: kumhotire.com

Nexen

A large tire concern, founded in 1942, produced tires for domestic market Korea. In 1991, he entered into an agreement with the Japanese Bridgestone, after which he modernized its facilities and began to manufacture products for export. Website: http://www.nexentire.com

Chinese manufacturers

Triangle

The exact name is Triangle Group, founded in 1976. It manufactures products using European equipment using GoodYear technologies. The American company GoodYear also produces its products for the European market at Triangle factories. Website: http://triangletire.com/

Goodride. Along with the WestLake and ChaoYang brands, it belongs to the Chinese corporation Hangzhou Zhongce Rubber, founded in 1958. One of the largest tire manufacturers in China. Website: http://goodridetire.com/

Linglong

The exact name of Shandong Linglong Tire Co. Large private company, one of the 500 largest enterprises in China, founded in 1975. Produces tires for all vehicles. Website: http://linglong.cn/

Sunny

A large Chinese tire manufacturer, founded in 1988, today has become state enterprise, specializing in the production of economy-class tires. Website: http://www.sunnytire.com/

Firenza

The exact name Sumo Firenza, together with the SumoTire brand, belongs to Sumo. One of the youngest but promising Chinese companies, founded in 2007. The management of the company has chosen a combination of a low price, modern technologies and high quality. Website: http://www.sumotire.com/

Russian manufacturers

Kama

The brand belongs to the largest tire manufacturer in Russia, PJSC Nizhnekamskshina (Nizhnekamsk Tire Plant). Founded in 1973 in the city of Nizhnekamsk (Tatarstan). Site: td-kama.com

Viatti

The brand belongs to the largest tire manufacturer in Russia, PJSC Nizhnekamskshina (Nizhnekamsk Tire Plant). Founded in 1973 in the city of Nizhnekamsk (Tatarstan). Website: http://www.viatti.ru/

Cordiant

The brand belongs to SIBUR - Russian Tires LLC together with the second brand of the company - Tyrex. The company was founded in 2002. Since 2011, it has entered into an alliance with the Slovak tire manufacturer Matador. Site: cordiant.ru

Amtel

The Russian company was founded in 1987 by an entrepreneur of Indian origin Sudhir Gupta; it has been producing tires since 1999. It is currently in an alliance with the Dutch tire manufacturer Vredestein. Website: http://amtelvredestein.ru

CIS producers

Belshina

The largest tire manufacturing enterprise in Belarus, founded in 1963 in the city of Bobruisk. With many dealerships around the world, it is the official supplier of Caterpillar mining truck tires. Website: http://www.belshinajsc.by

Rosava

The largest tire manufacturing enterprise in Ukraine, founded in 1998 in the city of Belaya Tserkov. Produces many standard sizes of tires for various vehicles, including trucks and special vehicles. Website: http://rosava.com

Brands and factories

However, you need to understand that tires are not necessarily produced in the country - the homeland of the brand. Thanks to globalization, tire production has long been scattered around the world. Moreover, tires of different brands are often produced at the same plant.

Car tires are an integral part of a car. And its quality in manufacturing is very important, and not only for the driver of the car, but also for its manufacturer, because the reputation of the production itself depends on it. It should be noted that today there are at least three types of car tires. These are summer, winter tires and, of course, demi-season. All of them are used for the same transport, but they have a slightly different appearance and, to some extent, even somewhat different. technological process.

The most famous manufacturers

Today, the most famous tire manufacturers around the world are such manufacturers as Michelin (which also owns the Kleber and BFGoodrich brands), Bridgestone (which also includes the Lassa, Firestone, Winterforce, Fuzion brands) and the Finnish Nokian. Also worth noting are GoodYear, Continental, Pirelli, Hankook, Yokohama, Cooper, Kumho, Toyo and many others.

Raw materials for manufacturing

Today, the number of tire manufacturers, both domestic and foreign, is simply amazing, and sometimes the end customer is somewhat confused in choosing the right footwear for his war horse. But still, if you look at the tire production process, you can see that no matter what manufacturer makes these tires for us, the material for the production of this tire is still the same. And it's rubber. For its production, in most cases, natural or synthetic rubber is used, as well as autocord.

It is worth noting that in the production of tires, it is imperative to use only high-quality rubber, since the stability of the car will depend on the quality of rubber for tires in a wide variety of weather conditions, the quality of adhesion of tires to the road surface regardless of its condition, and much more.

Tire production technology

The direct production of tires begins with the manufacture of a special rubber compound, which will subsequently be used for the manufacture of tires for automobiles. The composition of this rubber compound, depending on the technology of its production, can include up to a dozen different chemicals. In addition, some other components can also be added to the rubber compound, which is produced specifically for car tires, in particular, various dyes and much more. In some cases, these components come to production ready for use. It is this rubber compound that will be used for the manufacture of various blanks. But before the production of blanks, it goes through a special technology of mixing the constituent parts, after which it is cooled and cut into special sheets, which will subsequently turn into a wide variety of parts of car tires. Blanks, which are formed from a rubber compound, are the most diverse parts of a future tire - these are its side parts, and treads and much more. It is worth noting that those parts that will subsequently come into contact with the road are made last using the vulcanization method. Moreover, it is this process that allows you to get exactly that unique tread pattern, which we very often see on the wheels of a car. The manufacture of winter tires deserves special attention, since it is during this period that the most unforeseen situations on the roads occur. Also, during the production of blanks, the size of the future tire must be taken into account without fail, this is due to the fact that different car manufacturers have different standard sizes of tires.

After a wide variety of tire parts have been made from the rubber compound, it is sent to the machine, where the tire for the car is directly assembled. It should be noted that the entire tire manufacturing process is automated, and human participation is reduced only to monitoring the correct operation of those installations that are involved in production.

Video on how tires are made at the Michelin factory:

A very important process in the manufacture of tires for cars is the process of controlling the quality of products. If in the course of such control even the most insignificant defects of a particular tire were found, it must be returned for recycling and in no case can it get into retail chains of stores for motorists. It must be said that during this check of car tires, not only visual inspection is used for control, but also some other methods. In particular, in some cases, x-rays can also be used. In addition, there are special machines that conduct all the necessary tests that allow you to determine how much a tire of a particular type meets quality standards.

Every car owner knows that tires tend to wear out. It is one of the main components in the vehicle system that ensures stable driving. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor their condition especially carefully. But few people know that there are tire manufacturing plants in Russia. A common stereotype is that a foreign product is always better and of higher quality than a domestic one.

This was the case until recently. Today the situation has changed dramatically. Some brands made in Russia are exported to Western countries.

List of Russian tire manufacturers

Many drivers today confidently assert that it is simply impossible to produce high-quality tires in Russia. This opinion will quickly disappear if a person visits a modern Russian plant. Today Russian tires are manufactured taking into account all international requirements, norms and standards. The production is fully automated. Production proceeds at the expense of modern equipment... The production technology is identical to the European car tire manufacturing process.

The following tire manufacturing plants operate on the territory of Russia:

There is also a widespread myth that Russian factories use rubber in the production of tires. This is absolutely not the case. For more than 15 years, domestic manufacturers have not used materials that are not famous for their positive properties as raw materials for their products. For passenger cars the volume of sales of domestic tires is five times higher than that of Western products.

PJSC "Nizhnekamskshina" - the founder of European production technologies in Russia

This giant plant is located in Nizhnekamsk. Almost every third car tire made in Russia comes from Nizhnekamskshina. A special scientific laboratory, accredited by the State Standard of Russia, has been created on the territory of the plant. The laboratory fully complies with all technical competence. Today "Nizhnekamskshina" is a whole scientific and technical center. Modern and technically equipped.

In 2004, the first automobile tires according to international standards were produced in Nizhnekamsk. The license was issued by the world's fifth Italian tire company, Pirelli. The products of PJSC "Nizhnekamskshina" were named "KAMA EURO". Today the plant produces about 2 million environmentally friendly and high-speed radial tires per year.

Amtel-Vredestein - tires for every climate

Amtel Russia is based in Kirov, Moscow and Voronezh. Today it is one of the leaders in terms of sales. The products are mainly targeted at owners of passenger cars and SUVs. But you can also find rubber for heavy equipment and even for bicycles. Amtel is constantly improving its products, taking into account the changing climate of Russian latitudes.

Amtel manufactures tires in a variety of categories, which puts them at the forefront of the segment. Another advantage of the company is the presence of its own headquarters of scientists who are constantly working to improve products. Independent experts have already proved that car tires from Amtel are not inferior to Western European analogues. Most car owners praise the reliability and quality of Amtel's Maloya Futura Primato tires. They are distinguished by a long service life and increased wear resistance. However, to find them on the counter of stores in Russia, you need to really try.

OOO "Kontaer" - produces the best tires for winter roads

Automobile tires from CONTYRE are popular among Russian motorists. Contyre Artic Ice can rightfully be considered the most famous rubber. Rubber allows you to feel comfortable and confident on snowy roads of any complexity within the city and outside the city. Due to the fact that the manufacturer adds an increased amount of silicon during the manufacture of rubber, Contyre Artic Ice retains moderate elasticity at any temperature.

Automobiles are very popular from the Kontaer LLC company. So, quite recently, Contyre Expedition tires began to be installed on UAZ Hunter cars. This rubber has shown high traction indicators, which allows it to be distinguished by increased cross-country ability.

JSC "Belshina" - ahead of all

Belishna is largest enterprise for the production of rubber for cars in Europe. The company has established cooperation with many countries, including Russia. The plant has products of 200 standard sizes. More than 90% of the products are radial tires. The plant originates in the city of Bobruisk, Republic of Belarus. In Russia, it was created representatively in Volgograd.

Belshina specializes in the production of tires for large-sized vehicles. For example, for the BelAZ mining dump truck. But in recent times in the model range of the company you can find good tires for passenger cars.

JSC "VOLTAYR-PROM" - the best solutions for the owners of "Niva"

Volzhsky Tire Plant has been actively operating since 1964. Today VOLTAYR-PROM JSC produces automobile tires of various categories. The VLI-5 VOLTYRE model is perfect for VAZ cars.

Most Niva car owners equip their cars with this particular set of tires. VLI-5 VOLTYRE are distinguished by good maneuverability. Rubber excellently overcomes obstacles in the form of mud and snow. Among the shortcomings, one can note too noisy operation and the duration of braking on wet asphalt.

URALSHINA is a worthy manufacturer of car tires

URALSHINA is familiar to domestic drivers for the well-known rubber models K-135 and O-104. It was the K-135 model that received the greatest distribution for its excellent grip. In general, there are conflicting opinions about this model. But, as they say - the taste and color.

The plant also produces "footwear" for large-sized agricultural machinery, for tracked vehicles.

OMSKSHINA - stability and quality

Cordiant and "Motador" are probably the most famous the lineup among the products of the Omsk plant. Despite the fact that the OMSKSHINA plant, which is part of the Kordiant holding, is quite young, today we can say that due to the production of high-quality products, the company managed to win the love and trust of Russian drivers.

Most car owners speak positively about the company's products, and independent experts assure that the future Russian production car tires entirely depends on the development of production technologies of the plant "OMSKSHINA"

KShZ is the only representative of Eastern Siberia

Krasnoyarsk Tire Plant is the only representative of this industry segment in Eastern Siberia. For more than 40 years, KShZ has been producing rubber for cars and trucks.

Automobile tires from KShZ are not very popular among drivers, but the trend is that the plant will soon enter new positions. This is due to the introduction of European production technologies.

Yaroslavl Tire Plant is a legendary manufacturer of off-road tires

The Yaroslavl tire manufacturer is completing a complete list of manufacturers. Many people know about the legendary I-192 tire. Yes, these tires are not very well suited for fast and comfortable driving on asphalt. Most often, the I-192 was equipped with military equipment, since this model was characterized by its tenacity and durability. Therefore, for SUVs, rubber from the Yaroslavl plant will be the best solution. The modern analogue of I-192 today is considered to be a better and improved rubber I-471.

Russia, as a tire manufacturer, is now reaching a new level. Do not just pay attention to where the rubber was produced. Performance and properties are gaining in importance. Domestic factories have made a significant step forward in production technology, some representatives sell their products to the West, where Russian tires are in demand.

The entire tire manufacturing process can be roughly divided into five stages: rubber compound manufacturing, tire parts manufacturing, tire assembly, vulcanization and quality control.

At the stage of manufacturing rubber compounds, various components are mixed until a homogeneous mass is obtained. This takes place in a special closed type mixer when heated to 120 degrees Celsius. For different types mixtures that are used in different parts of the tire, different components, mixing intensity and process temperature are used. More details about rubber compounds can be found in our article "".

The production of one type of tire requires several different rubber compounds. One type of rubber is used in the manufacture of the tread, while others are used for the manufacture of tire parts.

At the stage of manufacturing tire parts, materials are prepared that reinforce the tire structure: impregnation, drying, heat treatment and rubber coating. The bead rings, textile cord and steel belt are rubberized. The final step in component manufacturing is the final shape of the parts.

In total, up to 30 components are used in the production of one tire, most of which play the role of amplifiers.

Finished parts go to the tire assembly machine. On the modern enterprises such a machine is an automated complex operated by an operator (assembler). It consists of rotating drums on which the workpieces are collected, and a feeder for supplying the collector with components for assembly.

Tire assembly is the most complex process, which, despite mechanization and automation, has a large proportion of manual operations. On one drum, the tire carcass is assembled, and on the other its side part. After the end of assembly, the drums align and press the blanks, giving them the shape of a tire. As a rule, several assembly machines are installed at the factories at once, working for the production of small-sized, medium-sized and large-sized tires.

In the process of vulcanization, the tire blank enters the hardening press (vulcanizer), where the tread is molded, and the rubber compound with the necessary elasticity. To do this, it is placed in a vulcanization mold, where the membrane under the pressure of hot water and steam forms a tread pattern. The process takes place at a high temperature, which activates the vlucanization process, in which the sulfur contained in the rubber compound creates bonds with polymer chains. At this point, the rubber passes from a plastic state to an elastic one.

Each manufacturer has its own own process quality control to ensure compliance with internal regulations and international standards... As a rule, it consists of two stages. At the first stage, the tires undergo a visual inspection, and at the second stage, they are checked on special equipment. Visual inspection allows you to identify external defects that could affect the performance of the tire. Further, the tire enters through special equipment, which measures its weight, balance, internal structure and characteristics under load.

Based on the results of passing the quality control, tires are marked according to their size, speed and load indices and stored.