How to open cargo transportation. Transport business from scratch: how to start and successfully engage in cargo transportation. Financial section of the business plan for trucking

Organizing your own business is a great opportunity to become independent from the employer, work for yourself and make good profits. But not everyone knows where to start a business, how to calculate the possible profitability of a business. This article reveals the issues related to organizing your own business for the transport of goods on the Gazelle.

Any business should start with the development of a business plan. The further process includes several points:

Development of step by step plan transportation taking into account the nature of the goods transported, the type of vehicle and other important conditions.
Preparation required documents, contracts.
Buying a car or repairing an existing vehicle.
or at the tax authority.
If necessary, rent of office space.
Hiring workers (locksmiths, loaders, drivers) - if necessary.
Promotion of services through advertising.

The business plan can be roughly divided into the following points:

Determination of the nature of the transported goods.
Organizational component.
Financial component.
Marketing.
Risk analysis.

What kind of cargo can you carry?

To begin with, you need to decide what is planned to be transported to the Gazelle and, based on this, purchase a car. So, what can be transported using this vehicle:

Delivery of various food and grocery products. A van is ideal for this purpose.
Transportation of household goods, as well as various building materials, furniture. For this, it is best to choose a car with an awning.
Transportation of various goods for trade in countryside... In many remote villages where there are no shops, this activity can be very popular.

Of all the above options for using the Gazelle, one of the most affordable and with a good return on investment is the transportation of furniture. This business can be started from scratch; a Gazelle with a long platform covered with an awning is best suited for this type of activity.

Organizational plan

Market analysis... At this stage, it is important to examine the local structure of freight services. Most often, this market has a fairly tough competition. The lion's share of transportation is carried out by large companies (usually about 50%), 20-25% of the market is accounted for by medium-sized firms, 10-15% are carried out in narrow directions, 5-10% are private traders with a private car. The internet and local print media can be used to research the local market.
Registration of an individual entrepreneur or LLC and the choice of a taxation system... On initial stage registration of an individual entrepreneur will be enough, but over time, it is most often more expedient to register an LLC. To register a company, you will need a decision on establishment (or an agreement on establishment, if there are 2 or more founders), minutes of the meeting, a receipt for payment of state fees and an application in the prescribed form. To register an individual entrepreneur, a passport and a receipt for payment of the duty will be enough.
Room selection for a control room; and buying or renting a garage for a car. If the delivered goods are supposed to be stored for some time, then it is necessary to consider the issue of renting a warehouse.
Purchase of a working vehicle... This is most often the most expensive part of the cost. To reduce costs, you can take a closer look at used cars, while the car must be in working order and not have serious problems. A good option- vehicle leasing. Leasing terms usually imply the payment of 20% of the cost of the car with its further redemption.
Staff recruitment... At the initial stage, you can independently take orders, be a driver and a loader, but in the future there will be a need to hire employees.

For information on where to start such a business, see the following video:

Financial part

This part of a business plan might look like this:

Expenses

Vehicle purchase. If you plan to purchase two vehicles (to establish continuous operation, this the best option), then this item of expenditure will be approximately 1,000,000 rubles.
Office space rental - prices vary depending on the region and location relative to the city center. The approximate amount for a small room is 15-30 thousand rubles per month.
Rent of boxes - about 10,000 rubles.
Purchase of fuels and lubricants - with continuous operation, this amount is about 40,000 rubles a month.
Expenses for car repairs (to a greater extent, this item should be paid attention to by owners of used cars).
Advertising - at least 10,000 rubles per month.
Other expenses - about 20,000 rubles.
Labor costs at the initial stage - about 30,000 rubles.

As a result, we get an amount of about 1,120,000 rubles... This is the start-up capital that you need to have when opening a business.

Income

Approximately monthly income will be 150 thousand rubles, of which about 50 thousand are net profit. Thus, business can pay off in 2 years... If vehicle is rented, the payback period is from 3 months to six months.

It is important to consider that at the initial stage, most likely, there will be few orders. It takes about 2-3 months to build up a customer base and have permanent orders.

Marketing part and advertising

This part is very important when starting any business. In fact, all entrepreneurs should do marketing research even before starting a business, in order to understand the state of the market for certain goods and services, and whether it is worth doing this activity.

In marketing research, it is important to get answers to these questions:

Which organizations are the main competitors.
What vehicles are used by competitors for transportation.
What are the prices of competitors.

Only after a thorough study of the market situation is it worth making a decision to open a business.

After the organization has already been created, the car is purchased, and the employees are hired, you can start advertising services.

Advertising

In the case of cargo transportation, the most effective actions will be to attract customers in two ways:

Active ad serving.
Interaction with partners.

Advertisements can be posted in the form of ads, submitted to local media, placed on the Internet. From time to time it is necessary to change the methods of ad serving to expand the client base.

How does collaboration work? Everything is pretty simple here. If you have one car, then sometimes you simply cannot fulfill all orders. Cooperating with the same private trader, you can give orders to him. And he, in turn, will transfer orders to you when he cannot fulfill them.

Risks

When developing a business plan, it is very important to lay in it possible risks... Let's list their main types that may arise in the provision of cargo transportation services:

Risks that may arise from the use of vehicles in poor technical condition. With frequent breakdowns, additional funds will have to be allocated to repair the vehicle. In addition, machine downtime increases, which prevents profitability.
Organizational risks are associated with issues of approach to finding and serving customers. Competently thought out advertising campaign, the system of discounts and the conclusion of contracts with regular customers ensure a constant influx of customers. If something is done wrong, there will be few orders and profitability will be low.
Competition and dumping risks. It is important to know that large companies can sometimes afford to significantly reduce prices for services for a while, organize promotions, while a private entrepreneur cannot.
Risks associated with the selection of personnel. Don't think that a good employee is easy to find. Quite often, you can face situations of periodic refusal to go to work for various reasons, work on third-party orders using your car, and other troubles. To avoid unpleasant situations, it is good to have several free drivers and loaders who can replace each other.

2005 year. Several years have passed since the end of my studies at the university, but I still haven't found any sensible application. I am a historian by profession, but history did not interest me. However, since his youth, he has repeatedly noticed his interest in commerce, in managerial impulses and all kinds of financial schemes. Even during my studies at the university, I created the Youth public organization"Our Choice" at the Committee on Youth Affairs of the city N (later they even prepared me for the position of Chairman of the Committee on Youth Affairs). However, something with social activities at that moment I did not become full, and the desired Mercedes did not appear either (I had a very big addiction to the automotive industry since childhood).

And then one day, driving along the Moscow - St. Petersburg highway on an autumn day, I noticed an insanely large number of trucks flying along the road. Apparently, it was at that moment that the idea came to me to do an automobile business, more precisely, a business related to cargo transportation. I immediately opened the Internet, magazines, newspapers, in short, I was looking for information about what kind of business it is and what it is eaten with! As a result, I realized one thing - that I did not understand anything, besides, this business is being carried out either by the former heads of the "Sovdepovskie ATP", which fell into their hands during the "times of general division", or by criminal structures. Something at that moment of enthusiasm diminished in me, but interest did not disappear, I would even say it increased. I even had to ride on the track, talk to the "carriers", they say, too, so, I want to buy a truck. In the next two or three months, I studied the type of this business and calculated the math for this project. I found out that there are two types of this "transportation" business. The first one is when you went, bought yourself a truck, put the driver at the wheel, sent him on a flight and you sit for yourself, waiting for him to bring you a lot of money for your well-traveled flights (this is how I told you in a simplified version). This option was somehow not suitable for me, since there was no money to buy myself a used Mercedes, which I dreamed of so much, let alone a truck! But the second type of this business somehow immediately attracted me. I thought, that's my topic! It consisted in the following ... All these truck owners, after all, turn to someone for cargo, are looking for cargo in order to load the truck and transport the cargo? That's right, they are looking for and find all sorts of different dispatchers (although in Russia there were several tens of thousands of them). The dispatcher's task is to find someone who needs to transport their cargo, and find someone who can transport it. True, there are still many details and subtasks for the dispatcher, but ... more on this separately sometime later. It was in this simple formula "out of thin air" that a small but frequent profit from each flight was formed. And the more trucks you load and the more often they ride back and forth, the more and more the profit.

As a result, I borrowed 50 thousand rubles from a friend. I registered LLC (7,000 rubles), rented an office for a month (8,000 rubles), bought a computer, fax and printer (20,000 rubles) and, of course, connected to the Internet. I left the rest of the money for "pro-reserve", you never know what!

First work day. I am browsing the Internet. What I am looking for there, I myself do not understand. I climb on different sites (profile, of course). By that time, I already had contacts of several drivers who agreed that if I had any cargo (for good money), they would be ready to transport it. So I'm surfing the Internet, looking for clients, so to speak. And suddenly, by accident I find myself on a site in which there is a large list of these drivers themselves and the clients themselves, and even all the contacts are, however, for a fee (guys who came up with that site, thank you so much, I will not forget you for a century!).

As a result, I paid a couple of thousand from my current account, got 30-day access to my contacts ... and off you go! This is where my work began. I call one, offer cargo, call others, offer transport. And so from 8:00 to 18:00 every day. And I am not the only one, there are thousands of them in the network and throughout Russia. After 18:00 I am making up all sorts of lists (now these are databases) of drivers and customers who are somehow interested in my proposals. True, sometimes I had to lie, like the fact that the trucks are mine. Who else would work with me? You would think it was just another mediator! Even though I was at that time. Well, what to do, it was worth starting with something.

As a result, in the first week I shipped about 8 cars and earned 12,000 rubles, for the second 12 more cars, and so on ... in a month I beat off the "debt" 50 thousand rubles and was very pleased! With accounting and reporting, thank God, my mother helped, she is my accountant with experience.

I work, I work, and in the middle of the second month I go to one customer who ships a lot of cars a day with his products. I'm calling. I suggest. They kick me off. Like, they say, "we have a cloud of our carriers, you were still missing here!" Okay, I think you are not alone in Russia. And I forget about them. Fortunately, this business allows you to cover a large geography, if only there is a telephone and the Internet. Then I found a couple of small customers and so little by little, "all over the world" like money began to appear.

Several weeks pass, it is already approaching the New Year. And then a call. A representative of that plant calls me that I was kicked off and says that they do not have enough cars before the new year, but they began to supply products to a new region and did not have time to develop connections with local carriers. They ask to help. I, of course, am not a vindictive guy! I agreed. But the representative says that we need to meet, discuss the nuances. I agree, meaning by this the official acquaintance and the conclusion of a written contract with a price agreement. In principle, everything happened like this, however, in my office, and not at the customer's plant (which surprised me a little). And it was not for nothing that this surprised me, since at the end of the conversation I was told that the cost of each transportation to which I agreed should be increased by 1000 rubles, and this amount should be transferred to this representative personally and monthly as a reward for the provided contract and support For all questions. I took a couple of days to think. After consulting with "experienced people", I came to the conclusion "apparently everyone works like this."

The customer really turned out to be a very serious customer, I supplied 8-10 cars a day to only one of his plants with a profit of 2,000 rubles. And there were three factories. By that time, I had already hired a deputy, an accountant, a couple of managers-dispatchers and a secretary-operator. The work was in full swing. I am constantly on the road, meeting new clients, carriers, constantly discussing directions of transportation, rates, resolving controversial issues, etc. In short, what I dreamed about is real business activity! Everything was going well, new directions in business were added, even the whole business had to be transported to Moscow. Of course, with most of the staff. Moving to Moscow was accompanied by emotional joy. Buying an apartment, car, renting a beautiful and spacious office in a modern business center. In short, life has improved!

The business also grew, the company became recognizable in its field. By that time, the main clients already included Wimm-Biel-Dann, Russian Alcohol, Rostekloprom, Russian Aluminum, etc.

An interesting story has happened to Wimm-Bill-Dann. For a very long time they refused to cooperate with us in the field of freight transportation. And I got them so bad that they could no longer see me, except perhaps I had not spent the night with them. As a result, I was very familiar with the logistics department and its head, who would not mind working with us, but there are no instructions from above, therefore, there is no contract either. As a result, in two months I "entice" to my company almost all transportation Department with the boss. Of course, for very good money. And literally three days later, I receive a call from the management that almost the entire transport department has quit their job, and there is no one to deal with the supply of transport. As a result, now my guys were already engaged in supplying transport to their former plant. As you understand, I had no problems and now my employees did not have any problems with this. True, all this was revealed after four months, in the end they were offered an even better salary, and they again changed employers. Although it was to be expected, since they came so easily, they should have left just as easily. But I made a lot of conclusions from this situation. First of all, I worked closely with the personnel and their motivation, so that in the future employees would not leave me so easily.

So 2006-2007 passed, then 2008 ended, and by the end of the year I felt that something was wrong. Clients began to pay for services in a strange way, or rather, I would say, they stopped paying altogether. And .... here it is CRISIS!

Back in August 2008, our company created a new direction, more precisely, new relationships with financial institutions. The name of the direction: "Management of illiquid transport assets of banks and leasing companies." We were well aware that the problems in the banking sector, first of all, would affect our company. By that time, we were planning to expand the truck fleet and were preparing for a deal with the leasing company "N" to purchase 40 units of vehicles. The contract value was about 4.8 million euros. Preparation and inspection took about two months, then the leasing company requested additional documents, the consideration was delayed for several more months. As a result, when everything was agreed, and we were even given a positive decision of the credit committee with the signature of the management and the seal, and we were ready to make an advance payment, this leasing company sends us a notification about the suspension of financing, because the head office (in Europe) was not ready for funding. It became clear that if the leasing company "N" everything is so vague, what can we do with others! It was then that a decision was made to start working with the banking sector under the Illiquid Transport Assets Management program. By that time, the crisis had greatly affected the field of cargo transportation, and many companies that were unable to prepare for cost optimization measures and develop an anti-crisis strategy began to go bankrupt. Since our company mainly works with mono-customers (where at least 30 regional shipments are made from a client every day), we were ready for the harsh conditions of competition.

The leased property was seized and returned to creditors on a daily basis. Banks and leasing companies had no idea what to do with it, sell it? And to whom? All car dealerships and dealers themselves cannot sell their equipment.

We approached banks and leasing companies with a proposal to manage these trucks. Our lawyers and financiers have developed several management options. Basically, we relied on the fact that when managing illiquid assets of banks and leasing companies, their balance of payments remains positive (we pay for debtors), delays in payments are significantly reduced, and assets are bought back at the residual value by our company over a year. These measures allowed many banks and leasing companies to get rid of illiquid (problem) assets.

This direction of "Management of illiquid transport assets" allowed our company to avoid risky investments, adapt to the crisis liquidity of transport assets and create the necessary fleet of vehicles, which is one of the most important competitive advantages in the field of road freight transportation.

Briefly, but this is one of the options, how we solved the problem with the lack of financial resources to increase the park.

In this material:

If cargo transportation is chosen as an activity, where to start the business? Such an occupation was considered unpromising 2 years ago. Today, even a beginner has the opportunity to deal with the transportation of goods quite profitably and create profitable business... This is a costly and troublesome business. Up to $ 10,000 is the amount start-up capital without purchasing trucks.

Trucking business concept

The market of demanded forwarding services is constantly growing in Russia. The services of qualified logisticians are always in demand. The activities of industrial, commercial and manufacturing enterprises... How to start a business related to the transportation of various types of goods? You should navigate the market by studying the offers of competitors.

Intercity and international flights are the most profitable type of cargo transportation business. In this market segment, the company has more stringent requirements for documentation for technical means and technical conditions, however, significantly higher than the average prices for such transportation. Possible various options organization of this business. Without having your own car, you can implement a cargo transportation business idea.

Trucking as a business allows customers to purchase from suppliers the necessary equipment, various types of equipment, to bring raw materials and materials for production, to send goods to their customers. Transportation of goods by various types of transport is used. Delivery by water transport, airplane, railway or motor transport is a demanded service. Heavy and large loads can be conveniently and profitably transported using rail or air transportation. Small consignments of cargo are transported using curtainsider vehicles. Clients value high-quality, reliable, prompt delivery for office or apartment moves.

The specifics of the freight business

The mature freight forwarding market has a very high level of market competition, however, entrepreneurs who have managed to occupy a niche and organize a profitable cargo transportation business have a stable high income. Small private firms account for about 60% of the freight market, the remaining 40% belong to large companies. A novice entrepreneur can open a business from scratch on the forwarding services market, subject to the right approach to the organization. Entering this business requires significant amounts of start-up capital.

How to open a business related to cargo transportation?

Within the framework of the current legislation, you can register as individual entrepreneur, owner small firm... An individual entrepreneur manages his business independently. How to open an IP? As part of the standard procedure, an individual entrepreneur is registered, which costs several thousand rubles.

The legal right to transport goods is given by a transport license. For a smooth crossing state border for trucks, an additional license must be obtained, which is valid for 15 days. The person in charge is given a power of attorney for the carriage of goods, a list of items to be transported, a package of accompanying papers, a consignment note. These forwarding documents are required to complete different types cargo transportation.

For the transportation of oversized or bulky goods, the carrier must obtain a special permit. To officially open an individual entrepreneur for cargo transportation, you need to obtain insurance for a cargo vehicle. Plastic bag constituent documents required to register as an object of taxation with the authorities tax service... The entrepreneur needs to obtain a TIN.

Individual entrepreneurs for cargo transportation are exempt from accounting... Any enterprise is a rather risky business, therefore, the various nuances of the opened business in cargo transportation must be taken into account main document, compiled by professionals who will help and advise how to organize a business. A business plan is the main document of a future entrepreneur, which helps to assess their commercial opportunities. The success of a business related to cargo transportation primarily depends on this competent document.

The business plan should disclose the main problems of the activity:

strategy and development goal of the company;
organizational issues;
sources of start-up capital;
search options for orders.

The financial side is part of the business plan.

Competent startup

To carry out full-fledged cargo transportation, you need to buy a car. Starting a business from scratch is worth buying reliable imported cars. A startup will be easier if the aspiring entrepreneur has his own freight transport. The location of the office is not critical. If you are looking to start a trucking business, it is best to start a freight forwarding business with a single vehicle. Where to start a business to get good income? It is important for carriers to avoid unprofitable idle runs.

About hiring skilled workers for a trucking business, a future entrepreneur should take care of it in a timely manner. Logistics forwarders help to minimize transport costs. In accordance with the contract, these professionals carry out insurance, storage, transshipment, forwarding of goods from the initial place of loading to the final point. These experts in the business of cargo transportation choose the best route, solve problems when customs clearance, control the completion of documents.

For business development you will need:

use of reliable vehicles;
website with prices and descriptions of services;
electronic digital signature;
experienced drivers, several freight forwarders.

In the first months of the company's operation, when customer base not established, work has not yet been established, oh transport company while no one knows, entrepreneurs have a particularly hard time.

If you organize your trucking business correctly, you can soon make a good profit.

Order a business plan

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Currently, the service market is overflowing with various kinds of offers. In order to find your niche, you need to work out an idea and draw up a sensible business plan on how to automate your work in the future. The market for cargo transportation services is quite saturated with offers from various companies that offer optimal conditions for the transportation of goods. Among these enterprises there are both large "carriers" and smaller companies.

To get out of the shadow of competitors, offer a quality service and service, for this you need to automate your business by introducing a special one. Not only will this make your work easier, but you will also quickly understand how the business processes of cargo transportation are arranged, for these purposes the KiberLog () program is perfect for you.

How to become one of the market players? This is what our review article is about, in which we will try to tell as much as possible about the features of organizing such a business.

How and where to start a trucking business?

To begin with, we note that you should not flatter yourself and think that everything is very clear - trucking as a business, a time-consuming and energy-consuming process. It is worth deciding on the name of the company - it should be harmonious and concisely indicate the scope of your activity. You need to understand that you can offer the client in your person a worthy alternative to the already existing "carriers". This means that from now on, the main features of your company will be integrity, high-quality service delivery and maximum customer care. And then the customers will not be long in coming. There are also subtle legal formalities. It doesn't take much effort to start a trucking business. Anyone can buy a truck, register themselves as a private entrepreneur and start a business. But you should know that by law at the time of transportation of things, they are for some time in the property of the "carrier", and he is responsible for them.

Start your business with the registration of an enterprise - you choose the form of ownership at your discretion, but the KVED should indicate and transport services... After that, your attention should be focused on building the team. And at the initial stage, it would be wiser to hire on one-time job of people. For the first time, it would be better to rent equipment or take on credit / lease.

You must have a lawyer on your staff who can competently draw up a contract, prescribe all the subtleties and nuances. Moreover, the service market is regulated not only by generally accepted rules, but also by law. Don't be afraid to take on this responsibility. When transporting things, do not forget about such key points as vehicles of different carrying capacities, containers and packaging for the safe transportation of goods. If you have to transport fairly expensive things, for example, antiques, you need to prescribe a certain percentage in the contract, since, we remind you that responsibility, including material responsibility for the cargo, lies with you. Work on one hundred percent prepayment and bank transfer.

If the cargo is damaged during transportation, then after the fact it is possible to draw up an act in order to be able to estimate the amount of damage. But at the same time, the main thing is that you have fulfilled your obligations and the move has taken place. The location of the office does not always play a key role. You can build a business in such a way that the client will not come to you, but on the contrary, you will come to him.

In order for customers to learn more about your company, create your own website with a list of services; tariff scale; brands and tonnage of trucks; company data and contact information.

Let's summarize how to organize cargo transportation and what is necessary for this: - register an enterprise; - rent / buy an office building or a separate office; - staff (lawyer, drivers and movers can be versatile workers, telephone dispatcher, accountant); - trucks(for a start, at least two); - If it is not possible to buy a car, you can become an intermediary between the customer and the carrier, for this; - bank account in case of payment by cashless payments; - containers and packaging; - legally competently drawn up documents (contract; act of work performed, act of compensation for damage; - your web resource (if possible); - take into service and use software for enterprise management in the field of cargo transportation, for example, our system.

Happy business!