New principles of organizing modern production. I. Organizational moment

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Sectoral structure of the national economy of Russia National economy Branches of material production Non-production branches

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Sectoral structure of the national economy of Russia Sector - a set of qualitatively homogeneous primary links, characterized by special conditions in the system of social division of labor, the unity of purpose of products (works, services), professional staff; separate area economic activity, production, sciences (industry, agriculture, construction, trade, health care, education, science. Industries include large links of production - subsectors. A subsector is a part of an industry that specializes in the production of a specific type of product (work, services). its own technology and its professional structure frames. Industry is the most important industry social production; consists of two large groups of industries - extractive and manufacturing; is also subdivided into production of means of production and production of consumer goods.

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Basic concepts Career guidance (vocational guidance) - a system of measures aimed at providing qualified assistance in choosing or changing a profession; recommendations for improving important psychophysiological qualities, training; includes information about professions and educational institutions, individual consultations, testing, etc. Vocational guidance and professional self-determination allow you to form a clear, holistic view of work, develop the ability to quickly and correctly navigate the general nature of work and determine your suitability for a specific professional activity... The study and description of labor is carried out by the methods of individual sciences and applied disciplines for the development of recommendations and special documents (professiograms) that serve as an auxiliary tool for professional selection. These disciplines include physiology, occupational health and psychology, sociology and labor economics.

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Basic concepts Profession - genus labor activity, requiring special knowledge and experience and providing conditions for human existence. A specialty is a narrower area of ​​application of the physical and spiritual forces of a person within the framework of a particular profession. Qualification is the degree of preparedness of a person for a particular type of work activity, a set of knowledge and skills necessary to perform work of a given complexity.

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Professiogram Professiogram (professiography) - a detailed hygienic characteristic of a certain profession, indicating the sequence, duration and frequency of each work operation, conditions working environment, severity and tension labor process; allows: to reveal the correspondence of the conditions and nature of work to the physiological and psychological capabilities of a person, the impact of production factors on him; to develop a set of measures aimed at optimizing working conditions, ergonomic rationalization of workplaces, increasing efficiency, prevention of industrial injuries and occupational diseases.

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The content of the professiogram is the level of mechanization and automation of the production process; list and levels of hygienic factors of the working environment; structure of labor transactions; structure of individual techniques and actions; working posture; description of the workplace; intra-shift work and rest regime; shift work; timing data on the time spent on main and auxiliary operations; pace of work; a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the factors characterizing the severity of labor (in terms of indicators: the mass of the cargo moved manually, the number of stereotyped movements, the magnitude of the static load, the nature working posture, the number and depth of inclinations of the body, movement in space) and labor intensity (in terms of emotional, sensory and intellectual loads, monotony and shift of work, work mode); the degree of compliance of the conditions and nature of work with the requirements of regulatory documents.

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Professiogram. Psychogram Psychogram is a part of the professionogram, which indicates the mental properties of a person that are most suitable for a given profession. A complete occupational profile includes a technological, economic, social, medical and psychological description of the profession.

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The option of compiling a professiogram Professiogram includes: general information about the profession; characteristics of the labor process; sanitary and hygienic working conditions; psychophysiological requirements; ways of obtaining professional training; economic and legal aspects of professional activity.

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Temperament Temperament (translated from Latin means "the ratio of parts, proportionality") - the totality mental properties a person, characterizing the degree of his excitability and manifested in his behavior, attitude to the surrounding reality. The main components: general activity, motor manifestations (tempo, rhythm, etc.), emotionality. People differ in four main types of temperament: choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic, melancholic. Choleric - strong, impetuous, unbalanced; strong excitement and relatively weak inhibition ("a stream, powerfully and rapidly throwing its waters off the cliff"); are characteristic high level activity, impulsivity and vivid expression of emotional experiences. A person with such a temperament is not recommended to work in extreme conditions, when in a matter of seconds it is necessary to make the only right decision (a test person, an astronaut, a miner, a submariner, a high-altitude installer, an athlete - in many sports, an employee of some divisions of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, rescue services and special forces). Sanguine - strong, balanced ("running a mighty stream"); characterized by high activity, a variety of facial expressions and gestures, emotionality, impressionability, mobility. A person with such a temperament is prone to mobile activity, can work in extreme conditions.

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Temperament Phlegmatic - strong, balanced, but with inert processes ("calm flow of a high-water river"); usually characterized by slowness and calmness of facial expressions and speech, evenness, constancy of feelings and moods, which are outwardly weakly expressed. A phlegmatic person starts work slowly, having prepared himself - he clearly organizes work, is diligent. A person with such a temperament is not recommended to work in extreme conditions, requiring the adoption of operational decisions. Melancholic - characterized by a weakness of the processes of inhibition and excitement, the depth and duration of emotions, low activity, restraint of motor skills and speech ("weak trickle on the plain"). The melancholic is inclined to work in a calm and familiar environment, it is difficult to endure conditions that require urgent action. He feels comfortable in small groups and in small spaces (librarian, accountant, editor, proofreader, composer, designer, writer, PC operator, breeder, etc.).

Topic: New principles of organizing modern production .

Target: To acquaint with the ways of development of modern industrial production

Time: 1 hour

Lesson type: combined

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Organizing time

II. Repetition of the passed material.

1. The story of the topic of the lesson.

The main task of organizing the production process is the rational combination of the entire set of work performed at workplaces in departments and at sites of the enterprise. This problem can be solved if the organization of production is carried out according to a strict plan in compliance with a number of mandatory principles.

The principles of organizing production can be classified into basic ones, which are mandatory in the organization of any production process, and additional ones, depending on the level of technical development and the degree of interaction. production organization with the external environment.

The basic principles of organizing production include: specialization, proportionality, parallelism, continuity, direct flow and rhythm.

Additional principles for organizing production are: automaticity, flexibility, complexity, reliability and environmental friendliness.

Let's consider the named principles separately.

- The principle of specialization means that all divisions of the enterprise (workshops and sections), as much as possible, should be specialized in performing individual works that are part of the general complex of manufacturing a finished product (manufacturing a car, building a ship, baking bakery products, etc.).

- The principle of proportionality requires that all divisions of the enterprise and sections of the shop are equal or proportional to each other in terms of their throughput (power).
Proportionality in the organization of production assumes the correspondence of the throughput (relative productivity per unit of time) of all divisions of the enterprise - workshops, sections, individual jobs for the production of finished products. The degree of proportionality of production can be characterized by the deviation of the throughput (power) of each technological redistribution from the planned production output.

The proportionality of production excludes the overload of some work places, that is, the emergence of bottlenecks, and the underutilization of capacities in other links and is a prerequisite for the uniform work of the enterprise, that is, ensures the smooth running of production.

The basis for maintaining proportionality is the correct design of the enterprise, the optimal combination of main and auxiliary production links. However, with the modern rates of production renewal, the rapid change in the range of products produced and the complex cooperation of production links, the task of maintaining the proportionality of production becomes constant. With a change in production, the relationship between production links, the load of individual redistributions, change. Rearmament of certain production units changes the established proportions in production and requires an increase in the capacity of adjacent areas.

III. Lesson summary

1. Consolidation of the topic of the lesson.

Modern production.

Purpose: to create conditions for the assimilation of the concepts by students: modern production, technological culture, division of labor, specialization of labor, industry, activity; with types of enterprises; structure of production.

During the classes:

Organizing time

Knowledge actualization / targeting (test to identify lack of knowledge)

1. The activity of a person in his profession and specialty in a certain form and branch of production is

2. The form of the social division of labor, expressed in such an organization of production, when individual people perform only certain labor operations in the process of manufacturing a product, is

A) activity B) professional activity

C) specialization of labor D) division of labor

3. Creative transformation, improvement of reality and the person himself are called

A) activity B) professional activity

C) specialization of labor D) division of labor

4. The reason for the emergence of professional activity

A) meeting the needs of the manufacturer

B) the emergence of commodity - money relations

B) transformation the environment

5. According to the results of labor, the spheres of professional activity are distinguished.

A) material production

B) intangible production

C) both productions

Did you know the answers to all the test questions? Did some of them raise doubts? By the end of the lesson, we will acquire the knowledge base necessary on this topic.

We write down the topic of the lesson in a notebook: Modern production.

What is Manufacturing? What types of production do you know?

Production- English. production is the process of creating material life benefits - products (products, energy and services) necessary for the existence and development of human society.

Modern production includes two large areas of activity (give examples)

Production of material goods:

Industry

Agriculture

Building

Production of intangible goods:

Health care

Education and Culture

Trade, finance and credit

Housing and communal services, public catering

Management and planning

Information Services

Service, transport, communication….

Let's give 1 example of a specialty for each industry. What qualities should a specialist working in it have?

Which spheres of production have existed for centuries, and which are relatively "young"?

What specialties will be relevant when your time comes to make a choice?

IN modern conditions the orientation of Russia's economic development towards traditional raw material export industries is unpromising: the former advantages gradually cease to be such.

Information Technology begin to play a leading role. The efficiency of social production is largely determined by the degree of use of information processing facilities ( computing technology, copiers, phones, software), the density of the flow of inventions of new products and new technologies using computer programs... Moreover, the entire modern business is an information process that creates connections between organizations and people in order for the product to be at the right point, at the right time and found my consumer.

Economic development today- this is not so much quantitative growth as qualitative changes. The essence of activity is changing commercial firms.

Which branch of production will always be relevant and has been relevant? Agroindustrial complex. Farms based on modern technologies production.

I suggest you to test "Diagnostics professional preferences and building a personal professional plan ”(20 min.), which will help you decide on the choice of your future specialty.

The different professions are listed below in pairs. In each pair of professions, try to find the one that you prefer. For example,

of the two professions - poet or psychologist - you prefer the first, then in the answer sheet you must put a "+" sign in column 42 a).

Processing of results.

To determine which professional type you are, it is necessary to count the number of answers for each of the six types. The maximum number of points shows the predominance of a certain type of personality according to the classification of J. Holland: 1st column - realistic type; 2nd column - smart type; 3rd column - social type; 4th column - conventional type; 5th column - entrepreneurial type; 6th column - artistic type.

Perhaps, for several types you will get the same number of points. In this case, it is premature to talk about a formed professional orientation.

D. Holland's questionnaire

	Process Engineer		Constructor
	Head teacher for extracurricular activities		Chairman of the trade union committee
	Designer		Draftsman
	Chemist		Accountant
	Political figure		Writer
			Compositor
			Editor scientific journal
	Educator		Ceramic artist
	Knitter		Sanitary doctor
	Notary		Supplier
	Fiction translator		Linguist
			Statistician
	Store manager		Photographer
			Psychiatrist
	Computer's operator		Cartoonist
	Gardener		Meteorologist
			Squad leader
	Metal artist
	Hydrologist
	Head of the household
	Electronic engineer		Secretary-typist
	Chief Livestock Officer
	Sports doctor		Feuilletonist
	Trolleybus driver		Nurse
	Copyist		Director
	Architect		Mathematician
	Militia child's room worker		Bookkeeper
	Collective farm chairman		Seed agronomist
			Ophthalmologist
	Archivist		Sculptor
	Stenographer
	Economist		Store manager
	Museum Scientist		Consultant
	Corrector
	Radio operator		Nuclear Physics Specialist
			Diplomat
			TV operator
	Archaeologist
	Cutter-fashion designer		Decorator
	Watchmaker		Installer
	Producer
	Psychologist

Reinforcement: we return to the test, work through the answers, write down the definitions.

Homework: prepare an essay or presentation in which to indicate + and - appropriate according to the results of the questionnaire of the field of activity.

Thank you for the lesson. Have a good day!

Answer form

Personality type

Realistic type (R)- prefers realistic careers, work with some specific objects of labor and mechanisms, more than with people. Possesses mechanical and engineering skills, loves to work with tools and machines, gets satisfaction from the concrete results of his labor. Management and communication skills are generally low. Has difficulty expressing himself, communicating his feelings and thoughts to others.

Research Type (I)- focused on science and scientific activity. Possesses mathematical and research skills. He gets more satisfaction from solving abstract problems than translating them into practical action. Prefers to work with ideas rather than people and objects. Not inclined towards leadership, avoids monotonous physical or other actions. Does not feel discomfort in a situation of uncertainty and does not like strictly structured activities with many rules.

Artistic type (A)- prefers to work in an artistic environment that offers many opportunities for self-expression through artistic means. Show little interest in problems that require serious organizational training to solve them, or the use of significant effort, preferring those that can be solved through self-expression in the artistic field. Enjoys making creative works, has a good imagination, creativity.

Social type (S)- prefers social careers, is focused on interaction with people, likes to help people, to solve their problems. He expresses himself well and expresses himself with others, loves attention and seeks situations that allow him to be the center of the group's attention. Avoids activities where mechanical repetitive actions are needed.

Entrepreneurial type (E)- activities related to influencing people, organizing them to solve certain problems. Possess leadership and oratorical speech abilities. Competitive-oriented, often display verbal aggression. They get satisfaction from the opportunity to be in the center of attention, events, to convince others of their point of view. High claims to power and material wealth. Appreciate leadership and economic skills, business qualities are aesthetically poorly developed.

Traditional type (E)- prefers to work with data and information, to work on the processing and systematization of information. Inclined to order, seeks to streamline and structure the surrounding reality. Avoids areas of activity related to the persuasion of people. Feels comfortable accepting the role of a member of a certain structure. Possesses calculating and clerical skills.

According to the chosen professional type, indicate the possible options for professions and determine the most stable one on the labor market. Justify your choice.

Specify profession # 2

Specify profession # 1

Indicate your professional type

……………………..

Specify profession # 5

Specify profession # 4

Specify profession # 3

Organization of production The object of study is any production system of the national economic complex of the country that produces any product or provides associated or independent production services The subject of study is methods and means of organizing information, marketing, design, technological, logistics, economic, production management processes integrating the system "subject of labor means of labor living labor" in space and time for the production of competitive products.

Organization of production provides for the study and application of: -theoretical and methodological issues of organization of production at enterprises; - conditions and factors of rational coordination of actions of employees of enterprises on the basis of knowledge, techniques and best practices, aimed at achieving the goals set for the release of certain labor products of appropriate quality and quantity.

Components of EP organization of production processes in time and space; organization of flow production methods; organization of automatic and flexible automated production organization of auxiliary workshops and service facilities of the enterprise organization technical control product quality organization of technical labor regulation organization and planning of creation and development new technology and new technology organization of workers' labor organization of management as a process of creating and improving management systems and methods of their functioning

The main goal of the organization of production is the creation of conditions under which the successful formation and implementation of planned tasks by each production unit enterprise and enterprise as a whole in all respects and with high production efficiency.

The production process is the totality of all actions of people and tools of labor required for this enterprise for the manufacture of products, the purposeful, stepwise transformation of raw materials and materials into a finished product of a given property, suitable for consumption or for further processing.

Subsystems of production processes subsystems of production preparation, main production processes, production infrastructure processes, material and technical support of production, sales and sale of products, marketing; subsystems that determine the composition of the elements of the production process - the functioning of the tools of labor, the movement of objects of labor, the organization of labor; integrating subsystems for the formation of the production structure and the organization of production planning.

The main production processes are technological processes during which changes in geometric shapes, sizes and physical and chemical product properties; auxiliary are processes that ensure the uninterrupted flow of the main processes; servicing these are processes associated with servicing both main and auxiliary processes and do not create products.

The stages of the production process are a complex of processes and works, the implementation of which characterizes the completion of a certain part of the production process and is associated with the transition of the subject of labor from one qualitative state to another. The procurement stage includes the processes of obtaining blanks. The machining stage includes the processes of converting blanks into finished parts. The assembly stage includes the assembly of units and finished products, adjustment and debugging of machines and devices, their testing.

Technological processes Phase complex of works, the implementation of which characterizes the completion of a certain part technological process and is associated with the transition of the object of labor from one qualitative state to another. a part of a technological process performed at one workplace, consisting of a series of actions on each object of labor or a group of jointly processed objects (the main structural element of a simple process). An operation is a part of a technological process performed at one workplace, consisting of a series of actions on each object of labor or a group of jointly processed objects (the main structural element of a simple process).

Types of operations performed without the use of machines, mechanisms and power tools; - manual, performed without the use of machines, mechanisms and power tools; performed with the help of machines or hand tools with the continuous participation of the worker; -machine-manual are performed using machines or hand tools with the continuous participation of the worker; - performed on machines, installations, units with limited participation of the worker. - machine tools performed on machines, installations, units with limited participation of the worker. are carried out on automatic equipment or automatic lines. -automated are performed on automatic equipment or automatic lines. are characterized by the performance of machine and automatic operations in special units (ovens, installations, baths, etc.). Apparatus processes are characterized by the performance of machine and automatic operations in special units (furnaces, installations, baths, etc.).

Basic principles of production process organization Principle of proportionality Principle of differentiation Principle of differentiation Principle of combination Combination principle Principle of concentration Concentration principle Principle of specialization Principle of universalization Principle of universalization Principle of standardization Principle of parallelism Principle of parallelism Principle of direct flow Principle of direct flow Principle of continuity Principle of continuity Principle of rhythm Principle of rhythm Principle of automaticity Principle of automaticity Principle conformity of the forms of the production process to its technical and economic content The principle of conformity of the forms of the production process to its technical and economic content

Types of production Single - is characterized by a wide range of manufactured products, a small volume of their production, the performance of very diverse operations at each workplace. Serial - is characterized by a relatively limited range of products (lots). As a rule, several operations are assigned to one workplace. Massive - characterized by a narrow range and a large volume of production of products that are continuously manufactured for a long time at highly specialized workplaces.

Characteristics of the types of production Factors Type of production single batch and mass Nomenclature of manufactured products Large Limited Small Consistency of the nomenclature Absent Available Volume of production Small Medium Large Assignment of operations to workplaces Absent Partial Complete Applied equipment Universal Universal + special (partially special) Generally special equipment Medium specialization of workshops and sections Technological Mixed

The production structure of an enterprise is a set of production units of an enterprise (workshops, services) that are part of it, and the forms of connections between them. depends on: -type of products and its nomenclature, -type of production and forms of its specialization, -specialities of technological processes

The main structural production units A shop is an administratively separate production unit of an enterprise specializing in the production of a certain part or products or in performing technologically homogeneous or identical work. Plot - a group of workplaces united on certain grounds

Production cycle - a calendar period of time during which a material, workpiece or other workpiece goes through all the operations of the production process or a certain part of it and turns into finished products... a calendar period of time during which a material, workpiece or other processed item goes through all the operations of the production process or a certain part of it and turns into a finished product. T c = T rp + T lane, where T rp is the time of the working process; T pr - break time T rp = T shk + T k + T tr + T e, where T shk - piece-calculation time; T k - time of control operations; T tr - time of transportation of objects of labor; T e - the time of natural processes

Operation time (T def): T def = T shk + T k + T tr. T shk = T op + T pz + T en + T oto, where T op operational time; T pz preparatory and final time when processing a new batch of parts; Wasted time for rest and natural needs of workers; At the same time, organizational and Maintenance

Operational time (T op) T op = T os + T v, where T os is the main and T v is the auxiliary time The main time is the direct time of processing or performing work. Auxiliary time: T in = T y + T z + T ok, where T y is the time of installation and removal of the part (assembly unit) from the equipment; T z is the time of fixing and detaching the part in the fixture; T ok - the time of the operational control of the worker (with the stop of the equipment) during the operation.

Break time (T pr) T pr = T mo + T rt + T p + T org. Where T rt is the time corresponding to the working regime, T mo is the time of interoperative lying of the part T p is the time of breaks for overhaul maintenance and equipment inspections T org- time of breaks associated with shortcomings in the organization of production

The production cycle T c = T opr + T e + T mo + T rt + T p + T org. T c = (T shk + T mo) to per k or + T e, where k per is the coefficient of conversion of working days to calendar days (the ratio of the number calendar days(D to) to the number of working days in a year (D p), to ln = D to / D p); kor is a coefficient that takes into account interruptions for equipment overhaul and organizational failures (usually 1,151,2).

Organization of production at the enterprise Topic 6

• The production process and principles of its organization
• Types of production and their technical and economic characteristics
• Production structure of the enterprise
• The production cycle and its structure
• Production organization methods

Industrial production is a complex process of converting raw materials, semi-finished products and other objects of labor into finished products that meet the needs of the market.

Manufacturing process- this is the totality of all actions of people and tools necessary at a given enterprise for the manufacture of products

• Phase - a set of works, the performance of which characterizes the completion of a certain part of the technological process and is associated with the transition of the subject of labor from one qualitative state to another.

• Operation - a part of the technological process performed at one workplace (machine, stand, unit, etc.), consisting of a series of actions on each object of labor or a group of jointly processed objects

The operations also differ depending on the means of labor used:

• manual
• machine-manual
• machine
• automated

№ p / p

Principles of the organization of the production process

Proportionality principle

Differentiation principle

Combination principle

The principle of concentration

The principle of specialization

The principle of universalization

The principle of standardization

Parallelism principle

Direct-flow principle

Continuity principle

The principle of rhythm

Automatic principle

The principle of conformity of the forms of the production process to its technical and economic content

2. Types of production and their technical and economic characteristics

Production type - the totality of its organizational, technical and economic features.

The type of production is determined by the following factors:

Nomenclature of manufactured products;

Issue volume;

The degree of the constant nomenclature of manufactured products;

The nature of the workload.

№ p / p

Factors

Production type

Nomenclature of manufactured products

single

Consistency of the nomenclature

serial

massive

Missing

Issue volume

Limited

Assigning operations to workplaces

Missing

Applied equipment

Partial

Used tools and equipment

Universal

Universal

Universal + special (partially)

Qualification of workers

Universal + special

Production cost

Mostly special

Mostly special

Production specialization of workshops and sections

Technological

Mostly low

Mixed

Subject

Production structure of the enterprise Is a set of production units of an enterprise (workshops, services) that make up it, and the forms of connections between them.

The production structure depends from

• type of products and its nomenclature,
• type of production and forms of its specialization,
• from the peculiarities of technological processes.

3. Production structure of the enterprise

• Shop- This is the main structural production unit of the enterprise, administratively separate and specializing in the production of a certain part or products, or in the performance of technologically homogeneous or identical work.

• Plot Is a group of workplaces united by certain criteria.

3. Production structure of the enterprise

The following subdivisions are divided into the structure of the enterprise:

• Main workshops
• Auxiliary workshops
• Service workshops
• Production facilities

Workshops of the main production (in mechanical engineering, instrument making) are subdivided:

• - for procurement;
• - processing;
• - assembly.

3. Production structure of the enterprise

Workshops and sections are created according to the principle of specialization:

• - technological;
• - subject;
• - subject-closed;
• - mixed.

• Production cycle - this is a calendar period of time during which a material, workpiece or other workpiece goes through all the operations of the production process or a certain part of it and turns into a finished product.

It is expressed in calendar days,

with low labor intensity of the product - in hours.

Composition and structure of working hours

Work time

Workflow time

Break times

Independent from staff

Dependent on staff

Unproductive work

Productive work

Preparatory and final time

Unforeseen

Preconditioning

Workplace service time

Operational

The main

Organizational service

Maintenance

Auxiliary time

4. The production cycle and its structure

Production cycle T c :

T c = T vrp + T vpr,

where T vrp is the time of the working process

T vpr - break time

4. The production cycle and its structure

Technological operations are performed during the working period

T vrp = T shk + T k + T tr + T e

T shk - piece-calculation time;

T k - time of control operations;

T tr - time of transportation of objects of labor;

T e is the time of natural processes (aging, relaxation, natural drying, sedimentation of suspensions in liquids, etc.).

4. The production cycle and its structure

The sum of times of piece, control operations, transportation is called operational time (T def ):

T def = T shk + T To + T tr

4. The production cycle and its structure

T shk = T op + T pz + T en + T oto

T op - operational time;

T pz - preparatory and final time when processing a new batch of parts;

T en - time for rest and natural needs of workers;

T oto - the time of organizational and technical maintenance (receipt and delivery of tools, cleaning of the workplace, lubrication of equipment, etc.).

4. The production cycle and its structure

Operational time:

T op = T os + T in

T wasps - main time

T in - auxiliary time

Auxiliary time:

T in = T y + T z + T ok

T y - time of installation and removal of a part (assembly unit) from the equipment;

T z - the time of fixing and detaching the part in the fixture;

T ok - the time of the operational control of the worker (with the stop of the equipment) during the operation

4. The production cycle and its structure

Break time (T vpr ) due to:

• T rt - working regime
• T mo - interoperative bedding of the part
• T p - time of breaks for overhaul and equipment inspections
• Torg - time of breaks associated with shortcomings in the organization of production

T vpr = T mo + T rt + T p + T org

4. The production cycle and its structure

Interoperative bed time(T mo):

T mo = T steam + T coolant + T kp

T pairs - partition breaks

T stand - waiting breaks

T kp - picking breaks

4. The production cycle and its structure

IN general view the production cycle is expressed by the formula

T c = T def + T e + T mo + T rt + T p + T org

4. The production cycle and its structure

The main directions for reducing the production cycle are

improvement of technology

the use of more productive equipment, tools, technological equipment

automation of production processes and the use of flexible integrated processes

organization of continuous production

flexibility (multifunctionality) of staff

specialization and cooperation

production

many other factors affecting the duration of the production cycle

Method 1 - Non-flow production

Signs:

they process objects of labor of different design and manufacturing technology, which move in the process of processing by complex routes, creating long breaks between operations

workplaces are placed by the same type of technological groups without connection with the sequence of operations

5. Methods of organizing production

Non-flow production used:

in one-off production

in serial production

takes two forms

carried out in the form unit-technological(processed objects of labor are not repeated)

batch-technological method

subject-group method

5. Methods of organizing production

n- the number of objects of labor processed on this equipment;

t- the norm of time for processing objects of labor;

T- planned fund of operating time of a unit of equipment for a year;

Kv.n.- coefficient of fulfillment of time norms

5. Methods of organizing production

Inline production is characterized by the following main features:

• the specialization of each workplace to perform a specific operation;

• coordinated and rhythmic execution of all operations on the basis of a single calculated rate of work;

• placement of workplaces in strict accordance with the sequence of the technological process;

• transfer of the processed material or products from operation to operation with minimal interruptions using a conveyor (conveyor)

5. Methods of organizing production

• production line- a number of interconnected workplaces, arranged in the order of the sequence of execution of the technological process and united by a common rate of productivity for all (it is determined by the leading machine of the flow)

5. Methods of organizing production

Production flows can be classified according to a number of characteristics:

• by the number of lines - into single-line and

multi-line;

• by the degree of production coverage - by

precinct and through;

• by the way of maintaining the rhythm - with free and

regulated rhythms;

• according to the degree of specialization - multidisciplinary and

one-subject;

• by the degree of continuity of the process - discontinuous and

continuous

5. Methods of organizing production

1 parameter:

beat (rhythm) of the production line (r) - the time interval between the release of two consecutive finished products or batches of finished products:

• T- the planned fund of the line operation time for the billing period, min .;
• NS- the volume of production for the same period in physical terms

5. Methods of organizing production

2 parameter:

number of workplaces (N) is calculated for each operation:

• tts- duration of the working cycle