Drawing up a tree of goals for kindergarten. Goal tree: a compilation example. Organizational goals tree using Apple as an example. Goal tree on the example of an organization

And why is it needed, is there, or for clarity, you can use an example of an already built practical recommendations how to independently create a hierarchy of goals.

What you need to compose

If you are just learning strategic planning or are building a goal tree for yourself, then in addition to the desire itself, you need: a blank sheet of A4 paper (at the training stage - a stack of paper is possible), a pen.

If you are preparing a presentation of a goal tree: in this case, many programs on a PC will do (Mind Manager, a simple SmartArt MS Word, ...)

Stages of building a goal tree

1. Formulation. This is the top of the tree, there can also be a global large and very complex goal, as opposed to a strategic one, in the possibility of its ultimate attainability. (for example, strategic - increasing sales, global - increasing capital by a certain amount; strategic -, global - learning 5 foreign languages). This goal answers the questions: what do I (we, the organization) want to receive or receive after such and such a period? Who I want to be? What do we want to achieve or achieve? The answer is we write to the top.

2. We write down the conditions, sub-goals contributing to the implementation of global strategic goal... Answering questions: under what conditions is it possible to achieve this goal? What needs to be decided to achieve goal number 1?See example below.

2.1. Highlight those goals and objectives, conditions that depend directly on us (ourselves), or succumb to our indirect influence, or vice versa - are absolutely independent of us. This is usually formulated as internal, external or indirect conditions. Sign the terms, goals or objectives as appropriate. This item can be skipped. But sometimes you need it too.

3. We split further the target, we do the same procedure as in the case in item 2, but only in relation to the 2nd set of goals. Our task is to build a consistent hierarchy until all goals are reduced to the implementation of a specific small task, either one-time completed, or in a constant cycle.

We finish building the tree on one sheet. But if you need to delete something for clarity, it is better to start from a new blank slate.

You need to crush the goals consistently. Those. they must be subordinate to each other, and there were no big leaps.

When writing down a particular step in the hierarchy, it is important to remember that there is always one more option.

The smallest goals should be as simple as possible, the implementation of which realizes, just as simply, a higher goal.

Train and train again. Ideally, you will achieve this after some time.

All activity on modeling, building and developing a system of work begins with setting a goal and defining objectives through which the achievement of the goal is planned. The constructed system of work is aimed at creating conditions for the individual self-expression of each child and the development of each personality, preserving the uniqueness and disclosing his potential abilities, protecting the interests of childhood.

The system of work contains effective forms and methods that allow creating conditions for the development of the child's personality at each age stage training and education.

To create a system of work, the teacher carried out preliminary work: studying regulatory framework, modern techniques, methods, techniques, forms, principles and models of work.

Having studied the model "Tree of goals" by Ch. Churchman and R. Ackoff, the teacher used it in his pedagogical work... The goal tree is a graphical diagram that shows the breakdown of overall goals into subgoals. The top of the diagram is interpreted as targets, edges or arcs - as links between targets. The goal tree method is the main generic method system analysis... This method allows the teacher to put his own plans (personal or professional) in order, to see his goals in the team.

Download:

Preview:

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Education management

administration municipality"City of Buguruslan"

Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution

of the municipal formation "city of Buguruslan"

"Kindergarten combined type No. 18"

Description of the work system

educator

Borisova Irina Nikolaevna

Buguruslan, 2013

Explanatory note

To ensure the optimal development of each child, based on the uniqueness of his individuality, an effective system of upbringing and educational work is organized in the MBDOU "D / s No. 18". Changes in preschool education have influenced the construction of a system of work both in general and on the teacher himself.

All activity on modeling, building and developing a system of work begins with setting a goal and defining objectives through which the achievement of the goal is planned. The constructed system of work of I.N. Borisova. is aimed at creating conditions for the individual self-expression of each child and the development of each personality, preserving the uniqueness and disclosing his potential abilities, protecting the interests of childhood.

The system of work contains effective forms and methods that make it possible to create conditions for the development of the child's personality at every age stage of education and upbringing.

To create a system of work, the teacher carried out preliminary work: studying the regulatory framework, modern techniques, methods, techniques, forms, principles and models of work.

Having studied the model "Tree of goals" by Ch. Churchman and R. Ackoff, the teacher used it in his pedagogical work. The goal tree is a graphical diagram that shows the breakdown of overall goals into subgoals. The top of the diagram is interpreted as targets, edges or arcs - as links between targets. The goal tree method is the main universal method of systems analysis. This method allows the teacher to put his own plans (personal or professional) in order, to see his goals in the team.

When building a system of work, I. Borisov takes into account the patterns of goal formation and uses the principles of forming hierarchical structures. The system of work is built in stages, from top to bottom, through a sequential transition from a higher level to a lower, adjacent level. The principle is based on the coordination of goals among themselves. Specification of goals from top to bottom grows: the higher the level, the better the goal is formulated.

The compiled goal tree has a system of decisions on paper. That is, a plan to achieve the main goal of Fig. 1. The goal tree is structured for an annual goal. The principle of dividing a common goal into subgoals and tasks is illustrated by the diagram shown in the figure.

Building a model of a teacher's work system

I.N. Borisova in modern conditions preschool education

(based on the "Goal tree" modelCh. Churchman and R. Ackoff)

Description of the work system based on the "Goal tree" model

1. Development of a project for educational work in educational areas

Borisova I.N builds the system of the educational process in accordance with regulatory documents: Law of the Russian Federation "On Education", Resolution "On Sanitary and Epidemiological Requirements for the Content and Organization of the Regime in preschool organizations", The main educational program of the institution. The general educational program of MBDOU "D / s No. 18" provides diversified development of children aged from birth to 7 years, taking into account their age and individual characteristics in 4 educational areas: physical, social and personal, cognitive-speech and artistic and aesthetic. The program ensures that pupils achieve readiness for schooling. Brought in accordance with FGT and based on the program "From birth to school" ed. NOT. Veraksy, T.S. Komarova, M.A. Vasilyeva.

In order to ensure an individually - differentiated approach to each child, pedagogical process organizes taking into account the health of children, flexible regime day, the interests of every child. When designing independent activities for children, he takes into account psychological relief, discusses matters during the day with the entire children's team.

At the organizational stage, a work plan was drawn up - a project of educational work with the children's team. The main task of the project is to organize independent activity children's collective, so that pupils voluntarily, with great desire, participate in various matters kindergarten, learned to be independent, would be able to assess their capabilities and constantly strive to know themselves. This goal is realized in the second part of the program "Following the Trail of Mood".

In accordance with the kindergarten program, annual and curriculum work plans I.N. Borisov. developed a complex thematic, thematic work plans in accordance with the FGT.

Educational areas
Communication and personal development	Cognitive speech development	Artistic and aesthetic development	Physical development
Aimed at gaining experience in the following activities:
Motor , including in basic movements (walking, running, jumping, climbing, etc.) Game (story-based game, story-based role-playing, director's and games with rules) Communicative(constructive communication and interaction with adults and peers, oral speech as the main means of communication) Cognitive research(study of objects of the surrounding world and experimenting with them) Perception fiction and folklore Elementary labor activity(self-service, household labor, labor in nature) Construction from various materials(building material, constructors, modules, paper, natural material, etc.) Fine(drawing, modeling, applique) Musical (singing, musical rhythmic movements, playing children's musical instruments)

In order to make part 2 of the program, the teacher determined the time for the main part of the program

2. Develop a project to work with the teaching staff

Borisova I.N. is a member of the creative group of teachers on the implementation of the federal state educational standard in preschool educational institutions. The creative group of teachers made up the second part of the program, formed by the participants of the educational process. Irina Nikolaevna developed and implemented in educational process the program "In the Footsteps of the Mood".

Time required for the implementation of the second part of the Program, formed by the participants of the educational process

The program is designed to develop the creative abilities of younger children preschool age across unconventional methods drawing. The content of the program's topics contributes to the understanding of properties by children different materials, their expressive capabilities, forms creative skills. The visual type of activity allows you to make the work of children more interesting, expressive, colorful, as well as develop children's independence and thinking. The possibility of integration is also valuable in the program different types visual activity (drawing, modeling, applications); in process interesting image, a combination of visual techniques and materials is possible ("drawing with plasticine", collage, splashing).

Teaching children non-traditional ways of drawing activates cognitive interest, forms an emotionally positive attitude to the process of artistic activity, and contributes to the effective development of children's creativity. The result of the developed program is the participation of children in competitions. Her pupil Dasha Baryshnikova won first place in the city competition of children's creativity on the fire-fighting theme "Stop the fire".

At the methodological association for the heads of preschool educational institutions and educators in 2013, an open demonstration of educational activities was held in the second younger group"In the wake of the mood." Directly educational activities was rated at a high level.

A system of specific measures has been organized to development of preschool educational institutions and educating parents on the development and upbringing of children: creating a heading in the city's print media, preparing a video for showing in local news, as well as on electronic media, distributing leaflets, booklets, magazines, newspapers and others printed editions on the basis of a preschool educational institution with their further distribution.

The performance indicators of Irina Nikolaevna's work for 2013 are high, this is evidenced by the participation of the teacher in the competitive direction:

winner of the regional photo competition among voters of the Orenburg region "Life is a series of elections";
all-Russian diploma of the III degree "The best modern lesson... Physical education";
All-Russian diploma for providing your pedagogical experience in the nomination "Pedagogical Ideas and Technologies: Preschool Education" ;
certificate of publication of materials of the GCD "In the wake of mood";
participation in regional competition according to the rules road traffic“Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims” (results not known);
participation in the online competition forum methodological developments in the preschool educational institution "Educational activity in preschool educational institution".

3. Develop a project to work with parents

In order to study the family, find out the educational needs of parents, establish contact with its members, to coordinate the educational influences on the child, the teacher began work with the questionnaire “Cooperation between kindergarten and family”. Having received a real picture, on the basis of the collected data, he analyzed the peculiarities of the structure of the family ties of each child, the specifics of the family and the family upbringing of the preschooler, and worked out the tactics of his communication with each parent. This helped to better navigate the pedagogical needs of each family, to take into account its individual characteristics.

Irina Nikolaevna has developed criteria for the "involvement" of parents in the educational process. At first, this criterion reflected quantitative indicators of the presence of parents at group events: attendance at parent-teacher meetings and consultations; the presence of parents at children's parties, the participation of parents in the preparation and conduct of excursions, thematic classes; participation in exhibitions, opening days; publication of magazines and books; attending the "Open Doors Day"; help of parents in equipping the pedagogical process.

Later, she identified quality indicators: initiative, responsibility, parental attitude to products joint activities children and adults.

4. Develop a project to work on self-education

Borisova I.N. increases its professional level through coursework, methodological associations, is engaged in self-education. At the methodological association for the heads of preschool educational institutions and educators in 2013, an open demonstration of educational activities in the second junior group "Following the Trail of Mood" took place. The educational activity itself was assessed at a high level.

Irina Nikolaevna is a member of creative team on the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard in the preschool educational institution. In 2013, she successfully completed distance coursework for preschool teachers: advanced training courses for preschool workers on the topic Legal, psychological and organizational support of the Federal State Educational Standard in the preschool education system ”(72 hours).

The teacher independently works on the topic "Systematization and generalization of work experience." The initial stage solving this problem is passing a distance course on the topic "Professional design of a teacher's portfolio in in electronic format". With the help of the portfolio, you can clearly characterize the activities of the teacher, prepare for certification. Irina Nikolaevna's methodological portfolio connects individual aspects of her activities into a more complete picture, allows you to record, accumulate and evaluate individual achievements of the individual in certain period his activities. E-portfolio creates in various Windows applications: PowerPoint, Word, Excel, Web Page, PDF Portfolio with Adobe programs Acrobat 9 Pro. Places there something that cannot be shown on paper. These are multimedia products created for classes or leisure activities: presentations, graphic objects, video materials, etc.

The success of an organization largely depends on proper planning. Maximum profit and high profitability in the future is always the general goal. What is the role of the goal tree in planning?

What is objective tree

Management goals are presented in a large number and variety, so each company needs an integrated, systematic approach to the selection of their composition. The process of setting goals is called goal setting.

The objective tree is:

structured list, organizational goals chart;
hierarchy of multilevel goals;
a model that allows you to streamline and combine goals into a single complex.

The product of this method strategic planning there should be a logical and simple scheme of enterprise management. The goal tree makes it possible to justify the general goal and makes the subgoals more achievable.

The system of goals is determined by the organizational structure. A huge structure, a large number of departments and work lines will require the development of a complex "branched" tree with many decomposition levels.

Vertex

The tree is filled from top to bottom, from central objectives to secondary objectives. At the “top” (“root”) there is a general goal, the achievement of which is not an easy task. This means that it is necessary to decompose it into smaller elements, "goals-branches", that is, to carry out a decomposition. This is how a plan of movement towards the main goal arises.

All subsequent levels are formed so as to facilitate the achievement of the previous one.

Target directions

Target	Content
Economic	Maximizing profits from the sale of products or services in the required quality and volume
Scientific and technical	Maintaining products and services at a given scientific and technical level, R&D, increasing labor productivity through the introduction of know-how
Production	Fulfillment of the production plan. Maintaining the rhythm and quality of production
Social	Improvement, development and replenishment of human resources

Branches and leaves

Branches - subgoals extending from the apex undergo decomposition again. Branch Shoots represent the next level of objectives. The process is repeated at each level until the goals are simplified. Simplicity is attainability, clarity, and consistency.

All "branches" describe a result that expresses a specific indicator. The goals of one parallel are independent of each other.

An enterprise goal tree is created based on 3 important elements any purpose.

Leaves are specific activities to achieve a goal. The characteristics and indicators indicated on the "leaves" contribute to the choice of the best option:

deadline;
the likelihood of achieving the goal by the planned date;
cost indicators;
the amount of resources consumed.

The elements of the tree in one group are connected to each other through a logical "AND" (denoted by "∧"). Alternative groups interact through "OR" ("∨").

Organization goals tree. Example

Consider simple scheme goals to maximize profits while increasing results and reducing costs.

To approach the general goal (high profitability and maximum profit), three areas have to be worked out. Add the resulting options to the organization's goals tree. An example is presented in the form of a table.

Apple strategy and goals

Why is Apple's strategy winning?

The company's field of activity is information and radically new products for working with it. The priority is the process of creating content and its consumption.

For example, Apple has paid attention to cultural aspects. The music consumption model has been improved. The iPod makes it easier to listen to music on digital media and browse the Internet.

The range of iPod, iPhone and iPad fixes the downsides, improving the basic ways to create and use information. This model, used for laptops, desktops, television, will allow the "apple" corporation to further increase its income.

The decade culminated in three generic inventions and business platforms. They are not an end in themselves, but a means to achieve the goal: gaining access to the main methods of information consumption.

Naturally, Apple's general strategy is to develop an existing product line.

Building a tree of organizational goals using the example of Apple

The main goal of any business is to expand market boundaries, to win an infinite number of customers. Apple is no exception and prioritizes improving its lineup in the best interest of the consumer.

Consider the company's goal tree for a product like the iPhone, whose value reflects the motto “Simple. Comfortable. Aesthetically. " As the main goal of the tree, we will define the improvement of the iPhone, taking into account the interests of potential users.

The main competitive and significant factors for the consumer in this market are:

product cost;
variety of functions and energy-consuming battery;
brand popularity;
technology for connoisseurs;
design and size;
assortment (discontinued by Apple).

The goal tree will help answer the question: "What to do?" For example, to keep costs down, you need to simplify the interface.

What industry factors need to be created? What properties to improve? These are memory sizes, design, games and entertainment. What to focus on: a functional component or an emotional one?

Table with iPhone subgoals by three levels

Goal tree Apple presented in a simplified form in the form of a table.

Improving the iPhone with the consumer in mind
First level goals
1. To abolish the range and popularity of the brand	2. Simplify the interface	3. Increasing consumer appeal	4. Improving ergonomics
Second level goals
	2.1. Simplify manufacturability	3.1. Creating a new design	4.1. Special owner status
		3.2. Increase the amount of memory	4.2. Last mile solution
		3.3. Enhancing the entertainment aspect	4.3. Reduce size

To solve the "last mile" the following tasks were identified:

Use a touch screen and have no buttons.
Create additional options.
Enlarge the screen.

The next step is to fill in the leaves or activities to achieve the subgoals. For this, specific deadlines for completing tasks, the required volume, resources, cost and significant quantitative indicators are necessarily indicated.

The last step is to depict the targets in the form of a tree with branches.

Task tree. Example

Sub-objectives are called tasks. They do not need decomposition and end-means linkages. The goal tree includes goals of the highest and lowest levels.

Objectives are the basis for creating a program to achieve a specific goal at the grassroots level. The solution to a problem is a set of actions.

The goal tree, alternatively, may contain the following tasks.

Thus, the goal tree becomes the ordering tool for creating a firm development program. Examples confirm the principle of its formation “completeness of reduction”: goals are “split” into sub-goals until the original goal becomes clear and achievable.

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

What is it and what is it for

The goal tree method is considered one of the most effective methods scheduling tasks. This method includes all general planning principles that are simple and easy to learn. In fact, this is a graph that reflects a plan for solving a particular problem.

The goal tree has a standard structure. The “trunk” of the goal tree is the main problem for which you need to find a solution.
"Branches" are tasks of the second, third, fourth and so on levels.

When planning a solution to a problem, as a rule, a graphical representation of a tree is used. In such an image, the tree has an inverted view, where the "trunk" is the top of the graph and is at the very top. And from it, the tops, the aspirations of the subsequent levels grow, forming a crown.

A graphic representation of tasks in this form helps a person to clearly think over a plan to achieve the intended goal. By depicting his plans in the form of a graph, a person sees what problems he will face and what additional resources he will need to achieve his plan.

Also, according to the graph, the period for achieving the goals is approximately estimated. With such a representation of the solution to the problem, connections and dependences of some tasks on others become visible. Today, the goal tree method is used in scientific forecasting by managers when conducting projects, as well as for planning personal issues.

How to build

The rules used to construct the goal tree are quite simple:

First, the main task that needs to be solved is determined. She then will be the top or "trunk" of the tree. This is usually called a general task. It usually cannot be achieved immediately. In order to achieve it, it is necessary to solve other sub-goals, the result of which is needed to fulfill the general one.
These subgoals will be called "branches". A branch can also have sub-targets.
When building a goal tree, you need to clearly and in detail describe each branch. Each must also have the required number of subgoals in order to be realized. As a result, you should get a tree that fully coexists with the solution of a particular problem. It should contain all the necessary steps and resources to solve the main task.

Construction principles

The management has adopted the following principles for constructing a tree of goals:

Consider needs and resources

Goal setting assumes that there is some problem that needs to be solved. As a rule, tasks requiring planning cannot be solved immediately. Because they are quite complex and require an integrated approach to the solution.

It so happens that the task cannot be solved, because there are not enough resources to solve it. Or there is no way to assess the availability of resources, since the problem is too big. In this case, the goal tree a good option to analyze the situation. Consider the needs and resources at your disposal when building your goal tree.

Specify

Using the goal tree in planning, formulate tasks specifically. Keep in mind that they must be finite. Describe the parameters by which it will ultimately be possible to determine whether it has been completed or not. You also need to set the time it takes to complete the task.

Break the production down into stages

It will be rational to set tasks in several stages. The first stage is the general goal. Then, for its implementation, resources are searched and analyzed. After which, as a rule, you will need to set subgoals. Similarly, resources are searched for to implement subgoals.

Thus, the development of the main task continues until the whole scheme of its solution is thought out. Tasks are refined and clarified as long as necessary.

Compatibility

The sub-goals should be sufficient to solve the main idea, that is, if all sub-goals are achieved, then this leads to the solution of the main task. It should not happen that when all subgoals are completed, additional actions or resources will be required to solve the main task. If it turns out like this, then this indicates that the goal tree was built incorrectly.

Compliance with the structure of the enterprise

If the goal tree is used to organize the work of a business or enterprise, then its structure must correspond to the structure of the enterprise. So that each department or division achieves its aspirations, which in the future should lead to the achievement of the overall design of the enterprise. This is the most convenient goal tree construction for multi-element or enterprise systems.

Decomposition method

When building a goal tree, the decomposition method is often used. The essence of this method is to split the main goal. top level for private sub-goals. Or, in the reverse order, from the sub-goals, a plan is drawn up to achieve the highest level plan. To solve a specific problem, you should always choose the option of creating a goal tree that is most suitable and makes the best use of resources.

Construction examples

Let's analyze the construction of a tree of goals on the following examples of goals: admission to a university and financial well-being. How do I get the goal tree?

An example with admission to a university describes the formulation of the main task, subgoals, the allocation of resources. As well as how resources are used to resolve the issue. In the example of financial well-being, another option for constructing a graph is considered.

ADMISSION TO THE UNIVERSITY

Let's say the main task is to enter a university. Building a goal tree for a prospective student requires taking into account the available resources and identifying subgoals. What resources can be for admission to a university.

Resources in this case include:

Education received at school;
Family financial capabilities;
Connections.

Given the available resources, it is necessary to obtain a goal tree. For this, sub-goals are highlighted. They depend on resources. For example, a family has little finances, no connections, a young man graduated from school without a medal, and has average grades of knowledge.

We get the following subgoals:

Make connections, if possible;
Take out a loan for training or find a source of additional income;
Study with a tutor.

In turn, these goals can have subgoals. Let's take an example of the goal of a tutoring session. This should include:

Organization of additional income to pay for the services of a tutor;
Search for a tutor with the necessary knowledge;
Allocation of additional time for classes.

Of course, each case will have its own resources and options for solving the problem. After all, there are rich parents with connections and a child who does not study well. Then the structure of the whole plan will change dramatically.

It will also depend on which university the person wants to enter. Since for admission, for example, to an ordinary, unpopular university, where there is a competition, perhaps one person per place, this is one planning option. And admission to a prestigious foreign university is completely different. Here you will additionally need knowledge of the language, and the study of the possibilities of living in another country while studying, and obtaining a visa and much more.

FINANCIAL WELL-BEING

Now let's look at an example of building a graph to create financial well-being.
Let's start building the goal tree by setting the main goal: financial well-being.
The goal tree can be depicted graphically, so it will be more visual.

Conditionally, financial well-being can be achieved by fulfilling three sub-goals:

Passive income organizations;
Active income organizations;
Luck and freebies.

Thus, the goal tree has three second-level items. Then each of the points is broken down into sub-objectives, which form the third level. For example, an active income organization may have the following items:

Change of place of work;
Getting additional education;
Change of profession;
Moving to a different city;
Self-development in the professional field;
Building relationships in the team;
Experience gain.

Again, this is just a general example. The views and resources for organizing financial success with a janitor, for example, will be very different from financial plans rich businessman. For someone Additional income a few thousand rubles will be a great success or the acquisition of a modest housing in the suburbs. And for some, the acquisition of another plant will be only a small part of the plan.

Conclusion

It is very convenient to plan your activities using a graph. This is a visual tool that allows you to see how tasks and resources interact to solve them.

With the help of such a structure, missing resources are easily discovered and new tasks appear that need to be solved to replenish the lacking resources.

Also, with a graphic image, the interaction of goals with each other, their dependence on each other, the impact of the performance of a particular task on higher-level ones, its significance in the overall result becomes visible.

The graph is convenient to use not only when running a business or planning work issues. It is easily transformed to solve personal issues such as study, finance, self-development and others.