An example of an existing business plan. How to write a business plan: a sample with calculations. Organization of the enterprise and financial component

In an unbridled desire to start their own business as soon as possible, many novice businessmen often neglect to draw up a business plan. At best, this is fraught with a loss of profit, at worst - a complete collapse of the business idea. Why is a business plan so important, what does it look like, is it possible to find a sample business plan with calculations and how to correctly approach its preparation?

Business plan concept

In the most general case, a business plan can be described as a detailed and most transparent guide for the creator and potential investors, describing the implementation of a certain idea for a business in real economic conditions.

Honest awareness of your place and skill level. A complete analysis of your own knowledge, skills and abilities, financial capabilities (prospects for attracting additional funds, if necessary), the need for premises, equipment, business relations, etc.
Forecasting the final result. There should be no abstract concepts like “I want to make a lot of money”. Only clear planning of future business turnover, profits, market place, etc.
A detailed description of the steps that can make the transition from the first step to the second in a predetermined time frame.

Business plan for yourself and for the investor - what is the difference

Business plan for potential investors. In this case, the main purpose of the document is to convince the investor that the project is capable of making a profit and money can be allocated for it. The idea should be presented as efficiently and beautifully as possible. Possible risks are allowed to be slightly underestimated (at least not to focus on them), but it is also not worth promising mountains of gold - this will raise fair doubts.
A business plan for yourself. Should be as close to reality as possible. It is a kind of guide to action. The document should contain everything necessary for the opening and further development of the business.

It often happens that an entrepreneur mixes these two documents that are identical in name, but somewhat different in essence. As a result, instead of clearly and succinctly explaining to the investor what his money will be spent on, a novice businessman tells how they can be saved.

Business plan structure

Before presenting a specific sample for drawing up a business plan on your own, you should carefully study the step-by-step instructions, which will detail how to draw up a business plan and what to look for in the first place.

Any business plan should start with a cover page. It will not be superfluous to put here information about the name of the project, legal and actual address of the organization, comprehensive contact information and the date the document was developed.

In order to interest the investor, some people prefer to show basic financial data already on the title page - the payback period of the project, the estimated profitability and the required amount of borrowed funds.

Next comes the main informative part of the document (many investors draw conclusions about the advisability of investing exclusively in this part of the business plan), which is concise information about all sections and the main conclusions.

The resume is drawn up last, when all the calculations are ready and all the necessary information is collected.

Description of the business plan

In this section, in detail, in the smallest detail, all the details of the project are prescribed.

There are many organizations that are ready to draw up a business plan for any project for a certain amount of money. Whether to resort to their services - every novice businessman decides for himself. On the one hand, this approach will help to avoid many typical mistakes, because professionals know exactly how to write a good business plan, on the other hand, it will not always accurately reflect the features of this particular business idea, and it can cost quite a lot.

Besides, self-compilation a business plan will help an entrepreneur to plunge headlong into his idea and study it to the smallest detail, which will have a very positive effect on the future business.

An example of drawing up a business plan

And yet, it is more convenient to understand all the intricacies of drawing up a business plan for specific example... Let's try on the basis of the described recommendations to make an example of a competent and detailed business a plan that is understandable even for schoolchildren, telling how to open a gym from scratch in a small Russian city.

Summary

The project seems to be very promising, since in recent years there has been a steady growth of interest among citizens in healthy way life and active rest. The lack of middle class gyms in the city can be considered a commercial feasibility of the project. the main objective business - to occupy this niche.

Market assessment

The enterprise will work from 10 am to 9 pm. For classes, you will need to buy a subscription, which will be offered for 2, 5, 10 or 20 visits. Compared to the basic one, each next type of subscription will provide a discount (in terms of 1 visit) in the amount of 5, 10 and 15%. The extended period of validity of subscriptions will become a serious competitive advantage: 1, 2, 3 and 4 months, respectively.

The duration of the visit can be 30 minutes or 1 hour. To optimize the workload of the hall, it is proposed to make a 20% discount on visits in the morning (from 10.00 to 13.00) and 10% in the daytime (from 13.00 to 17.00).

An aggressive advertising campaign will be launched prior to the official opening of the gym. This will allow you to build a customer base in advance. To be able to pre-sell subscriptions, already at this stage, it will be necessary to ensure the full functioning of the reception area, including renovation of the premises, staff work and communications.

After the first three months of work, an analysis of the occupancy of the halls in each shift will be carried out and adjustments will be made to optimize the utilization. This can be a redistribution of discounts, the introduction of additional incentives (every 10th visit as a gift, a free drink from an institution, etc.).

Manufacturing process

It is planned to open a gym in the central part of the city, which will include two exercise rooms, two changing rooms and two showers. Also, it is planned to create a recreation area with a vending machine for hot drinks. Once every three months, the institution will be closed for sanitation. In the same period, accounting will be carried out.

The maximum capacity of the halls is 10 people. An instructor is constantly present in the hall. Its tasks include distribution of visitors, consulting. Working shift of the instructor - 6 hours without lunch. The instructors' work schedule will be drawn up in accordance with their wishes for the week ahead.

Personal belongings can be left in the locker room, where personal lockers will be installed. Having closed the booth with a key, the visitor takes him with him for the duration of the lesson.

An administrator will constantly work in the lobby, whose tasks will include selling subscriptions, answering phone calls, keeping a register of visitors, informing customers about the workload of the halls.

Vacation for employees will be provided in summer period, since at this time a seasonal decline in demand for gym services is expected (due to the holiday season and the possibility of independent training in the fresh air).

Swedish wall - 3 sections.
Treadmill - 2.
Exercise bike - 3.
Strength trainer - 1.
Abdominal Trainer - 2.
Rowing simulator - 2.

Gym (at least 30 sq.m.) - 2.
Dressing room (at least 15 sq.m.) - 2.
Changing room for employees (at least 6 sq.m.) - 1.
Recreation area (about 9 sq.m.) - 1.
Hall with a wardrobe (about 15 sq.m.) - 1.
Director's office (about 9 sq.m.) - 1.
Administration room (9 sq.m.) - 1.
Utility room - 1.
Shower room - 2.
Toilet - 2.

The total area of premises for a business project must be at least 160 sq. M.

Manufacturing program

The average price of one hour of classes will be set at 100 rubles. The gym will work seven days a week, except for holidays and sanitary days. There will be 14 such days during the year, respectively, 351.

The approximate volume of annual revenue will be 351 days * 11 hours * 10 people (room occupancy) * 2 halls * 100 rubles = 7,722,000 rubles.

It is almost impossible to achieve a constant full load of the halls. Practice shows that in the morning hours the hall is 60-80% full, while in the evening it can be overcrowded.

The real amount of revenue will be set at 90% of the maximum, which will amount to 6,949,800 rubles.

Amount of investment

Staffing table and payroll

We accept the production rate of one instructor at the rate of 40 hours working week... Taking into account that the halls will work 351 days a year for 11 hours, we get the total number of working hours in the amount of 351 * 11 * 2 = 7722 hours.

Next, we calculate the maximum number of working hours per year for one employee. Each employee works approximately 250 per year. calendar days... Subtracting from them 20 vacation days, 5 sick leave days, 6 days of study leave and 1 day for the performance of public duties, we get, on average, 218 days or, in terms of hours, 218 * 8 = 1744 hours.

Thus, the need for instructors will be 7722/1744 = 4.42 = 5 people.

Similarly, you can determine the need for administrators and security personnel. Considering that their services apply to both halls at the same time, the need for such specialists will be 3 and 3 people, respectively.

In addition, two cleaners will work in the gym premises with a work schedule every other day. The senior administrator will be responsible for the operation of the device for the sale of drinks, for scheduling the work of employees, for the marketing policy of the company.

The base salary rates for employees will be set in accordance with the staffing table. If, according to the results of work for the quarter, 90% of the loading of the halls was ensured, the employees will be awarded a bonus. At the end of the year, management is considering the possibility of paying an annual bonus.

The projected wage fund will be 240,000 rubles per month.

Cost estimate

The production cost estimate for the first year of the gym is based on 90% utilization.

For convenience, the total estimate will be divided into several parts:

Salary of employees - 116,000 * 12 = 1,392,000 rubles.
Social insurance contributions - 1,392,000 * 0.32 = 445,440 rubles.
Amortization of simulators - 212,000 rubles.
The cost of printing services - 24,000 rubles.

Purchase of spare parts - 4,000 rubles.
Specialist services - 8,000 rubles.

Premises rental - 32,000 * 12 = 384,000 rubles.
Payment for utilities - 6,000 * 12 = 72,000 rubles.
Electricity costs - 2,400 * 12 = 28,800 rubles.
Manager's salary and service personnel- 124,000 * 12 = 1,488,000 rubles.
Social insurance contributions - 476 160 rubles.
Other expenses - 60,000 rubles.
Depreciation of fixed assets - 243,280 rubles.

The estimate for business expenses will include only advertising costs in the amount of 72,000 rubles per year.

The total production costs per year will be 4,909,680 rubles.

Balance sheet profit

This indicator can be determined by subtracting the total production costs from the planned sales volume: 6,949,800 - 4,909,680 = 2,040,120 rubles.

Calculation of tax deductions and profitability of production

Education tax (1% of the wage bill) - 28,800 rubles.
Tax on the maintenance of social and cultural facilities and housing (1.5% of sales) - 125,096 rubles.

The balance sheet profit, taking into account non-operating expenses, will be 2,040,120 - 28,800 - 125,096 = 1,886,224.

Income tax (33%) = 622,454 rubles.

Net profit = 1,886,224 - 622,454 = 1,263,770 rubles.

Based on these indicators, you can calculate the value of the specific profitability, which shows the profit per 1 ruble of sales. It is determined by the ratio of the balance sheet profit to the turnover:

P beats = P / T * 100% = 1 886 224/6 949 800 * 100% = 27.1%

Project efficiency

To simplify the assessment of efficiency, we will assume that sales volumes will remain unchanged over several years. Let's calculate the net income of a business project for a certain period of time:

BH = NP * T - K,

Where PE is net profit,
T - time interval (let's take it equal to 5 years),
K - the amount of investment calculated earlier.

NP = 1 263 770 * 5 - 1 758 600 = 4 560 250 rubles.

Another important indicator is the profitability index, i.e. the amount of profit per certain period time received for 1 ruble of invested funds:

ID = PP * T / K = 1 263 770 * 5/1 758 600 = 3.59

Also, the presented business project will be perfectly characterized by such an indicator as the payback period. This is the number of years required for the indicators of net profit to become equal to the amount of investment:

T ok = K / CP avg = 1 758 600/1 263 770 = 1.39 years

Type of ownership

In accordance with the current legislation, a company with limited liability... After the implementation of the business project, the company can be transformed into a Closed Joint Stock Company.

conclusions

The maximum price of one hour of classes in our gym will be 100 rubles, which will be the optimal amount for clients with an average income. The purchase of subscriptions will allow you to receive substantial discounts.

The specific profitability of the project will be 27.1%, and the profitability index is 3.59 rubles over five years for each ruble invested in the business. These indicators are above the industry average and also exceed the yield on bank deposits.

The project promises to pay off in 1.39 years, which should be very attractive to potential investors.

The example considered does not just show a sample good business plan of the enterprise, it can serve as a kind of algorithm that clearly demonstrates how you can make a project for almost any idea. Of course, the numbers will vary, but general structure will remain similar.

Buturlakina M.A.

Relevance.

Russia is a country with developed market relations. Most of the population is engaged in entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurs are calculating people who want to profit from their business. Everyone wants to insure themselves against various troubles. And in order for the business to bring income and profit, and the company to develop steadily, you must first plan and calculate everything well. Entrepreneurs do not create their companies from scratch, but are guided by certain rules. One of these rules is drawing up a business plan.

Problem.

Aspiring entrepreneurs very often don't know where to start. A huge number of thoughts visit the future businessman about creating his own business. We decided to create our business plan for a solarium salon so that novice entrepreneurs would see an example in front of them, and on the basis of it they could create their own own business plan or used the data

create a business plan for the Sunnysiti solarium salon,

Explore Internet resources on this topic

2. Develop a business plan

3. create a business plan

4.check and analyze the content of the completed project

5. speak with finished project in a competition at school

6.propose a business plan as study guide economics teachers and economics students

Download:

Preview:

Municipal budgetary educational institution

Secondary school number 49 of Belgorod

Business plan.

(training project)

Student of grade 11 A

MBOU SOSH №49

Supervisor:

Danilova Evgeniya Veniaminovna,

teacher of history and social studies

MBOU SOSH number 49

Belgorod, 2012

Wise is the one who knows what is needed, and not much.

Aeschylus

Relevance.

Our country in the early 90s. last century embarked on the path market economy... Then there were real opportunities to make big money, many citizens decided that they could become businessmen and entrepreneurs ... The profession of an entrepreneur is still very relevant, it attracts many, and many young people dream of getting an education in entrepreneurship. In fact, it is very difficult to do this, not everyone succeeds.

Problem:

Any person who decides to engage in entrepreneurship is faced with the question: "Where to start?"

Creating your own business must begin with planning. There is a lot of talk about this, and aspiring entrepreneurs naturally agree with this, but in most cases they do not. They do not because they think that it is expensive, that they do not have enough knowledge, that planning is necessary only for a big business, that they can start a business without a plan. Also, often a novice entrepreneur perceives business planning as something global and very clever, with a bunch of incomprehensible calculations, formulas and tables. This is not entirely true. Small business planning can be simplified, but not how not to abandon it. Let the business plan not contain a bunch of analytical tables and calculations, but the basic data necessary for starting a business, the composition of fixed costs, a simplified cash flow plan, analysis of the local market, a forecast of sales volumes, an advertising budget, as well as a list of advertising tools should contain a business plan aspiring entrepreneur. Even if this information is on scraps of paper, in the form of notes, in the form of notes, the main thing is that it be there. Having it, you can already take specific steps to create your own business. .

For future and novice entrepreneurs, we decided to offer our own version of a business plan on the example of the business plan of the "Sunny siti" Tanning Studio. We decided that the creation of such a studio could be a profitable investment and could bring a good profit. Our confidence was based on the fact that most people want to look attractive, because this gives us confidence in communicating with other people. Tanning has always been a popular way to look your best. But many people want to look tanned not only in summer, but also at other times of the year, and some simply cannot sunbathe in the sun, because their skin instantly burns. In order to translate their desires into reality, we invite such gentlemen to visit the solarium.

A solarium is a special equipment with tanning lamps.

A bit of history.

In 1895 year Danish physician Niels Ryberg Finsen succeeded in inventing an ultraviolet emitting lamp. It was used exclusively for medical purposes: to treat smallpox and cutaneous tuberculosis. 1926 Felix Müller, Doctor of Engineering, founded a factory in Essen, Germany. He specialized in UV radiation and its effects on the human body. Experts from a facility adjacent to the mines of the Ruhr Basin were familiar with complaints from miners about lack of sunlight and heat caused by sunlight. The obvious choice was the company's development of therapeutic equipment that would eliminate the psychological effects of lack of sunlight. With the help of special UV-infrared lamps, the miners were able to receive the necessary dose of heat and light to maintain their health and well-being. IN 1975 Friedrich Wolf discovered and patented the principle of local irradiation at a distance of several centimeters. 1976 the first professional solarium was created - an installation with lamps high pressure for the whole body. Solarium is very popular nowadays

Project objectives:

Activities (planning):

highlighting aspects of the topic:

Basic information about the Sunny siti tanning studio.

- Assessment of the current market situation.

Pricing

Implementation of services

Costs.

Characteristics of the economic efficiency of the project.

Timeframe: January 2012

visiting sites containing information on this topic, collecting information on each aspect.

writing a business plan

systematization of all necessary costs in tables for ease of use.

provision of the completed work to the project manager for verification.

product promotion

Timeframe: April-May 2012

corrective work

provision (re)

lead

Any project completed work for verification.

Terms of completion: January-March 2012.

2. Ryzhikh ON Development of a lesson on the subject "Economics" "Is it easy to be an entrepreneur?"http://www.it-n.ru/

Preview:

BUSINESS PLAN

ACTIVITIES OF THE STUDIO ZAGAR

SUNNY SITI.

Legal address:

Belgorod, Shchorsa str. 64, TC City Mall Belgorodsky.

Authorized capital: 600 thousand rubles

Premises - 20 sq. meters, (rent of premises in the shopping center "City Mall Belgorodsky")

Business plan.

Tanning studio "Sunny siti" carries out activities for the provision of tanning services to the population.

To provide these services, the population must have:

Premises:

15-20 sq. meters, (rent of premises in the complex "City Mall Belgorodsky")

Equipment:

Vertical solarium

Horizontal solarium

Related products:

Make-up for tanning

The rent of the said premises today is 15,000-20,000 rubles.

According to experts, the equipment supplied by the German company Hapro is the best equipment in terms of price-quality ratio for the provision of this type of service.

The acquisition of the necessary equipment involves obtaining a loan in the amount of 600 thousand rubles. for up to 5 years.

1. Basic information about the salon of the solarium "Sunny siti".

Legal address:Belgorod, Shchorsa str. 64, TC "City Mall Belgorodsky"
The authorized capital of the company: 600 thousand rubles
Surname, name, patronymic of the head of the organization:Maria Alexandrovna Buturlakina

The main activity of the Sunny siti tanning studio.

2. Description of the project.

The aim of the project is to create a tanning salon for the population in the area of Shchorsa Street in Belgorod.

To provide solarium services to the population, you must have:

Premises -15-20 sq. meters, (rent of premises in the shopping center "City Mall Belgorodsky")
equipment :

Vertical solarium,

Horizontal solarium.

related products:

Make-up for tanning.

The high level of quality of these types of services will be provided by two main factors:

the technical advantages of the equipment supplied by Hapro,
high quality customer service

The choice of the indicated location of the complex also has a number of significant advantages:

the part of the city in which it is planned to create a salon is remote from the center, there are few similar salons,
a very densely populated part of the city, intensive development is underway here,
The shopping center "City Mall Belgorodsky" is one of the most popular in the city,
the shopping center has shops, beauty salons and recreation areas where the population makes purchases and rests,
there is an excellent connection with the city's transport communications system, thanks to which the salon can be easily reached from almost any part of the city.

The following main competitive advantages of this salon can be distinguished:

increased service level in comparison with existing competitors within the whole range of offered services,
convenient location of the salon.

Technical aspects of the project

The building that will house the salon consists of four floors.

The salon will be located on the second floor. The complex will be supplied with the necessary energy resources by citywide networks.

The need for raw materials, materials and energy carriers to provide the entire complex

planned services.

The need for raw materials and materials necessary for the implementation of the entire range of services consists of three main components:

the need for disposable sanitary and hygienic products used by the salon clients (soap, napkins, etc.),
material needs (tanning cosmetics),
the need for other household equipment for a range of services.

In addition to covering the need for raw materials, materials and other household equipment, the planned salon will require the provision of energy resources necessary for the implementation of the entire range of services.

The need for energy resources consists of three components:

electricity;
cold water, including sewerage;
heat (heating, hot water).

The planned consumption of the indicated energy carriers is determined in accordance with the valid SaNPins and instructions.

The considered cost items reflect as fully as possible the content of the services provided by the salon of the center and subsequently will directly shape their quality.

3. Assessment of the current market situation. Competitor analysis.

General characteristics of the situation in the sphere of rendering services of a tanning salon to the population.

There is still no big competition in this area, but there are good chances to become a leader in this market.

To implement this area of activity, a long-term concept for the development of the Sunny siti tanning studio was developed, which includes:

creation of a solarium salon,
constant technical renovation of the salon.

Assessment of the existing market and the characteristics of competitors by types of services.

The main competitive factors in the service market are currently: price, quality of services offered.

Moreover, for different groups consumers are dominated by various factors.

The price factor is the main one for consumers with an average income level who are in need of solarium services.
The quality of service is more important for high-income consumers who need, above all, a higher level of service.
The existing direct competitors of the Sunny siti salon on the market of the services under consideration are located in the city and have a circle of regular consumers and the prevailing level of prices for their products.
The main consumers of this type of service are women - employees of offices, government agencies, educational institutions etc.
At the same time, the services of competing firms in this type of business are focused mainly on meeting the demand of consumers who have high level income.
At present, there are few tanning salons of this class in the city that could adequately satisfy the needs of the middle strata of the population.

Main consumers and characteristics of sales policy.

The "Sunny siti" salon, which is being created with solarium services, is focused primarily on consumers with an average and low income level, but in need of high-quality manicure services.

In accordance with the analysis of the existing market for similar types of services, the following main groups of potential consumers of the services of the new salon-solarium can be conditionally distinguished.

women - employees of shops, clinics,
school teachers,
individual entrepreneurs,
residents of nearby houses,
high school girls.

Thus, the structure of potential consumers makes it possible to ensure a steady demand for the offered services of the new salon.

4. Pricing.

The cost of services and its components.

The following factors were taken into account when determining the total cost for the cabin as a whole:

the volume of consumption in kind of raw materials, materials and energy resources required for the implementation of the entire range of services;
current, as of the date of preparation of the business plan, prices for raw materials, materials and energy resources;
data on the number and wages of the personnel of the complex;
insurance payments;
the cost of other household equipment

Necessary equipment for the "Sunny siti" salon-solarium:

N / a	equipment identification	Firm	Price / unit goods (rub)	Qty.	Price
	Vertical solarium	Hapro (Germany)	180 000		180 000
	Horizontal solarium	Hapro (Germany)	250 000		250 000
	Reception desk		25 000		25 000
	Notebook	Asus	25 000		25 000
	Tanning stand		6 000		6 000
	Administrator chair		1000		1000
	Visitor sofa	Arteko (Italy)			10 000
	Total:				497 000

Necessary related products for work salon "Sunny siti":

Preparations of three types: developers, fixers and activators:

Developers

Name	Quantity of goods	Cost per item (rub)	Price
1. Sugary Vanilla Triple Glitter Tan Developer 200ml			2000
2. Accelerator(250ml)			1800

Fasteners

Name	Quantity of goods	Cost per item (rub)	Price

Greetings to the readers of the “site”! Today we will talk in detail about what is a business plan and what is it for how to draw up a business plan as clearly, competently and succinctly (we will give a sample with calculations), as well as provide links so that you can download ready-made examples is free .

This material will be useful to all novice entrepreneurs and businessmen who plan to attract money from banks (investors).

How to draw up a business plan for a small business yourself, what rules and procedure for drawing up exist, as well as where to download ready business plan - read further in the issue

Sooner or later, every entrepreneur comes across the concept of a business plan.

Business plan(from the English. business plan) is a project of your business, in which the goals and objectives of its creation are clearly defined. In it, the entrepreneur must describe his actions over a specific period of time to make a profit.

Business plan structure, objectives and strategy

2. Rules for drawing up (writing) a business plan 📝

Rule 1. Study the market situation in advance

Before starting to draw up a business plan, it is necessary to analyze the situation in the market as a whole. Collect as much information as possible about the upcoming venture or successful implementation.

Rule 2. Create and follow a clear business strategy

The business plan must necessarily be spelled out concrete actions during a certain period of time.

You must schedule your actions for month, 3 months, 6 months, year and 3 of the year.

Rule 3. Consider both the pros and cons of the chosen business

In a business plan, you need to describe not only your strengths, but also possible losses, so to speak, weaknesses.

For example , strengths include highly qualified specialists, market recognition, bright brand etc. Possible losses or threats include: great competition, high cost of goods or services.

3. How to draw up a business plan yourself - the order of writing and the structure of a business plan 📑

Regardless of your type of activity, the basic components of a business plan will be the same.

How to write a business plan - step-by-step instruction with example

1. Introduction

The introductory part should not be too voluminous, but it should describe the most important thing:

direction of the enterprise;
payback period of the project;
specific indicators.

Your potential investor should know the terms of return of his investments and possible losses.

2) Description of services

In this section, describe in detail the direction of your activity. Decide for yourself which market segment you will work with.

Important! Assess your competitors and your advantages over them.

Decide on what you plan to focus your activities on: low cost with high sales volumes, high service, or maybe something else.

To completeof thissection, you need to do the following work:

Give a description and characteristics of the main and secondary products of the company;
Take photos of goods and services;
Form a portrait of your prospective consumer;
Research and check your target market for similar products or services;
Organize a service;
Provide a pricing model. Assess the competitiveness of your project in the market.

After conducting such an analysis, you will definitely understand and be able to highlight the differences between your products in the sales market. And also clearly state what you are producing and who needs it.

3) Marketing plan

Marketing plan Is perhaps the most important stage in the development of your business. A lot will depend on well-designed marketing. You need to highlight the main competitors for yourself, understand how they are promoting their project, and do better.

Business promotion methods can be different:

Advertise on radio, magazines, websites. It is only important to determine which format of the advertising project is right for you;
Be sure to work out direct sales. Starting with "cold calls" to your potential buyers, ending with the sale of goods and services with the help of representatives;
Encourage your staff to achieve great results. Come up with promotions, bonuses for employees;
Find out a more favorable season for your business;

The main thing, realistically assess the situation, do not exaggerate your capabilities... Perform regularly brainstorm, come up with new routes. Read more here.

4) Organizational plan

Specifically write down all the steps of the activity, appoint persons responsible for the implementation of certain actions. Limit the deadline for completing the assignment.

5) Financial plan

When drawing up a financial plan, it is necessary to take into account all the little things, divide expenses into permanent and one-time.

Fixed costs - this is a monthly office, rent payment, utilities, internet, telephone, etc.
One-time costs Is the purchase of equipment for work, For example, computers, scanners, telephones, etc.

After calculating the costs, determine for yourself the minimum sales volume that will cover your operating costs. Anything sold from above will be yours profit .

Having calculated this, you will determine for yourself break-even point... We can say that this is the purpose of the business plan.

6) Conclusion

The conclusion is intended to attract investors. The optimal volume of a partition is from 2 before 4 pages, which must be indicated:

The main vector of your company's activity;
Project profitability;
Analysis of the company's place in the sales market;
Company personnel, responsible persons;
Expected qualitative and quantitative indicators for each period.

The "Summary" section should provide answers to 2 main questions:

What result can investors expect from favorable business development?
What should investors expect in the worst case scenario?

Of course, it is better to write a conclusion when the business plan is already practically drawn up.

4. A sample business plan with calculations for the example of anti-cafe

Consider in detail a ready-made sample business plan on the example of anti-cafe .

Business plan structure - an example of "Antikafe"

1) Overview section

In the table we will see all the general information about the project:

№	Names	Descriptions
1.	*Name*	"Gloss"
2.	*Organizational form*	Individual entrepreneur
3.	Services available	Various programs; Events (trainings, seminars); Birthdays;
4.	*Organization location and sales market*	Stavropol
5.	Working hours	From 11.00 until the last client.
6.	Facility staff	Supervisor - 1 people Administrator - 1 people Service staff - 3 people Director - 1 people security - 1 people
7.	*Required start-up capital*	500 000 rubles
8.	Costs	167 000 rubles
9.	*Investment return period*	10-11 months
10.	*Competition*	Small
11.	*Organization income*	216 000 rubles
12.	Loss of the organization	167 000 rubles
13.	*Profit of the organization*	49 000 rubles

2) Goods and services

For the time spent in the anti-cafe, the amount will be charged 2 rub / min . For this money, the cafe will provide services such as:

Mini-library, you can retire and read books;
Lots of games for large companies (mafia, board games);
Game console;
Karaoke, projector, tablets;
Various courses can be arranged, For example, on English language, in Spanish, in psychology, training in make-up;
You can also order banquets, children's birthdays;
There is Wi-Fi, any visitor can use it;
Tea, coffee and various sweets.

Ideal clients: people aged 17 -45 years who live an active life; they have an average income; without bad habbits; these people like to spend time with benefit for themselves; they would like to get good knowledge and great emotions.

The client must spend in a cafe near 22 hours per month... From this, the profit per person is calculated about 3600 rubles per month.

3) Marketing strategy

The city currently has one cafe in this segment. It poses a potential threat, since they already have an established customer base.

Social networks (Instagram, telegram and others);
SMS mailing;
Discounts, coupons;
Radio announcements.

New anti-cafe promotion strategy:

Direct attraction. Search for clients or organizations that will come to us big company... Carrying out children's matinees. Discounts regular customers... Advertising in institutes.
Advertising in Odnoklassniki, Agent and many different networks. Reach a group of people who are at home. Advertising on social networks allows you to get a lot of information from customers and very quickly answer all questions of interest, while requiring very little financial costs.
Building partnerships with companies that specialize in various holidays, show programs, corporate parties and more.
Club card. This card gives you the right to spend as much time in the anti-cafe as you like. Price 4 800 rubles, validity period 1 month.
Radio advertising. After a month of work, a story about the activities in the anti-cafe.

Such a business has seasonality ... Anti-cafe has the largest attendance in the autumn and winter time of the year... And in summer and spring there are fewer clients ↓.

Therefore, the plan should be drawn up in such a way as to increase the profit several times, so as not to go into lesion .

№	Name	Timing	Responsible	Results and notes
1	Study	01.01.14 – 01.02.14	Manager	We've proven all our data
2	Staff recruitment	01.02.14 – 01.03.14	Manager	Found employees
3	Search for premises	01.03.14 – 01.04.14	Manager	Found a room by criteria
4	Repair	01.04.14 – 01.05.14	Manager	Repairs have been made in accordance with all requirements
5	We buy equipment	01.05.14 – 01.06.14	Manager	Delivery to the place
6	Action plan approval	01.06.14 – 03.06.14	Director	Contracts concluded
7	We go through registration	01.06.14 – 03.06.14	Manager	Acquired cash machine and documents
8	Advertising	03.06.14 – 10.06.14	We hire a specialist	Advertised on all counts
9	Opening	12.06.13	Manager	Everything went well, a lot of contests and gifts, there were journalists, everyone found out about us

4) Financial plan

№	Costs	Quantity (pcs.)	Cost, rub.)	Amount (RUB)
1	*Purchase of equipment*	50	5 000	250 000
2	*Purchasing inventory*	100	1 000	100 000
3	Finishing work	1	150 000	150 000
Total:				500 000

5) Conclusions

№	Name	Quantity	Cost, rub.)	Amount (RUB)
1	*Building for rent (150 sq. M.)*	1 month	40 000	40 000
2	Pay wages	6 people	15 000	90 000
3	Utilities	1 month	5 000	5 000
4	Products	700 sets	10	7 000
5	Tax	1 month	15 000	15 000
6	Depreciation charges	1 month	10 000	10 000
Total:				167 000

Having analyzed all the costs for the reporting month, we can say - if the profit of the institution will be greater 167 000 rubles, this will be break-even point .

Given:

Concurrent costs = 500 000 rubles
Consumption in 1 month = 167 000 rubles

To find: Payback period -?

Solution :

Payback period = One-time costs / PE per month

1) We find an emergency per month

PE per month = Income per month - Expense per month

Profit for the month = (Profit for the day) * 30 days = ( 30 Human * 2 hours * 120 rubles / hour) * 30 days = 216 000 rubles
PE per month = 216,000 rubles - 167,000 rubles = 49,000 rubles

2) Finding the payback period

Payback period = 500,000 rubles (down payment) / 49,000 rubles (PE per month) = 10 months

* Of course, all calculations above are approximate and may differ from region to region.

5. Ready-made examples of a business plan for free + template 📎

Introducing ready template to write your plan, in which you can easily enter your data for counting and overview analytics.

📌

Typically, a classic Business Plan consists of twelve main elements, including title page and a confidentiality memorandum.

A competently drawn up business plan can both simply become the basis for organizing a business, and help raise funds for the development of a project, if it turns out to be attractive for an investor or lender. Below is a step-by-step instruction on how to write a business plan, with a description of its most important elements and recommendations for compilation.

What is a Business Plan in simple words and an example

A business plan is a document that provides a detailed justification for the project and the ability to comprehensively assess the effectiveness decisions taken, planned activities, to answer the question whether it is worth investing in this project.

A ready-made business plan includes all elements of the development and functioning of the business for the planned period. How detailed and competently a business plan will be written for starting a business depends on how much the idea will be evaluated from the outside, as well as the number of nuances that suddenly appeared that were not taken into account initially.

We can say that developing a business plan is half of starting a business. The details of the conduct are written in it. technological processes, accounting, the state of affairs in the industry, as well as documenting.

Thus, business plan in simple words - This is a detailed description of the planned project, containing calculations and expected results for the next few years.

Sample Business Plans (download)

Below you will find a few more examples and sample business plans that you can download and study in detail.

Types of business plans

When deciding how to write a business plan correctly, you must first determine for whom it will be written. There are two main formats for of this document:

Interior... Such a business plan is intended solely for private use among the founders. With its help, costs are planned, production volumes and necessary stocks, and the like. Such a business plan should be as close to reality as possible and reflect all risks, even in the worst case scenario. Some of the details of such a business plan, obvious to the founder, can be omitted, since there will be no one to evaluate unnecessary details in this case.
For external users... Such business plans are drawn up to be presented to investors or lenders, as well as to government support bodies from which funds are expected. This view the plan differs not only in greater detail, but also in a wider evidence base, a large number of calculations. In this case, it is necessary to convince your counterparties of the validity of the calculations and prospects described in the plan. The consistency and consistency of the presentation of information, the quality of its presentation, design and accuracy are important. Often, you can use the maximum and minimum possible real numbers where it directly affects the result of the calculation and efficiency, in order to increase the attractiveness of the idea for those who can invest in it. It will be good if all the facts and figures contain sources that support their reliability. A business plan with visual aids will also win.

You cannot write a business plan for yourself and for the investor at the same time, since they have different purposes.

Internal plans should be more meaningful and practical, and the values in the calculations should be closer to the average or even worse. Plans for external users should be logically and neatly designed, and the meanings in them are usually close to the ideal scenario.

What the Business Plan consists of - Structure

Depending on the specifics of the business and on the purpose of the document, the number and content of points in the business plan may vary. Typical business plan usually consists of the following elements:

Title page.
Confidentiality Memorandum.
Summary.
Objective of the project.
Analysis of the position of the enterprise in the industry.
Description of the product of labor.
Production plan.
Organizational plan.
Risk analysis.
Applications.

Some of the elements required for writing a business plan for an employment center or lenders are optional for writing documents for internal use. For example, it doesn't make much sense to write a confidentiality memorandum or cover page for yourself.

At the same time, the business plan for the store may not contain a clause describing the product of labor, since in this case all the goods are purchased for resale, and the list of services is standard.

How to start making your Business Plan - Instructions

First, you need to clearly define the scope of activity and the product that will be produced again created by the enterprise... To do this, it is necessary to conduct a preliminary analysis of the market situation in real time and identify niches that are insufficiently represented on the market. Choosing one of these niches is more likely to successfully capture your market share in a short time.

Next, you need to collect all the freely available information about this field of activity. Most attention worth paying for real stories and reviews of people applying in this area. Only they are able to give an idea of the nuances that at first glance are implicit.

For popular industries, such as a cafe or beauty salon, you can find a sample business plan or even special services helping in its formation. In the case of more specific industries, the amount of information freely available may be limited.

In case of a clear lack of data for analysis, it is best to seek a paid consultation from specialists - they will help fill the knowledge gaps.

SWOT analysis

This type of analysis is used to assess the strengths and weaknesses of an idea in the presence of information about the latter. Conducting a SWOT analysis helps to visually correlate the pros, cons and risks of a future project in order to conduct their holistic assessment.

The name as an abbreviation encodes the essence of the method: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. It is on these four graphs that data is distributed in SWOT analysis.

To the strengths include the advantages that the chosen niche has.
Weaknesses should be described in as much detail as possible, since they are needed in order to eliminate them in the future. All the shortcomings in the theoretical implementation of the plan fit into this column, from low profitability to the lack of own premises.

Strengths and weaknesses, for the most part, are internal factors that are directly influenced by the founder.

Opportunities and threats, on the other hand, are considered external factors that must be either exploited or adjusted and kept in mind. Sample spreadsheet for SWOT analysis production project for the business plan is presented below:

Writing a resume

One of the elements of writing a business plan from scratch is resume writing.

This element is always located at the beginning of a business plan and contains some brief information about it, forcing people who decided to familiarize themselves with the content of the document, become interested in it and continue familiarization.

This is most important when looking for potential investors and lenders.

Despite the location of this element in the document, the founder does not begin work on it before writing a business plan for a small business, since a resume is a section that provides consolidated information from the rest of the business plan.

Accordingly, the founder begins work on the resume last - this is, for the most part, business card project for external users of information.

The main points that counterparties want to see in the resume are usually the possible level of return on investment in the development of the project, as well as the risks assumed for such investments.

Often, the goal of the project is taken out in a separate section.

In this sub-clause, it is necessary to indicate the goals, tasks set for the business, as well as to argue for the success of the future enterprise. Often in this paragraph, the results obtained from the SWOT analysis are used.

Analysis of the place of the company in the market

This section usually contains an overview of the competition in the selected industry, represented by the number of competing firms and their market shares, product specifics and sales volume, if any.

Also, this section usually includes data on the planned size of the created organization and competing organizations: the number of employees, production capacity, and so on.

Check out (download).

Based on this analysis, a promising place in the industry is usually determined, that is, the market share that is planned to be occupied in the future and in what time frame this should happen. If a business plan is drawn up for external users, then this paragraph is one of the fundamental and should be disclosed in detail.

As advantages, one can take into account the experience of hired employees and managers, possible prospects for the development of the organization, various know-how, and so on.

When it becomes necessary to write a business plan yourself, you need to pay special attention to some of the mandatory elements in its content. In the case of a marketing plan, these elements are product promotion tools, demand analysis, and preliminary sales directions, especially when it comes to production.

Promotional tools are usually advertising, direct sales, and other options, depending on the field of activity.

In some cases, competent merchandising can be used as a promotion tool. It is also necessary to indicate by what means the promotion will be carried out: whether it will be a special department, a separate employee, or outsourced services of firms and the invitation of third-party specialists.

Demand marketing research is an extremely difficult and serious job, therefore, if you are not confident in your own skills, it is better to leave it to professionals. In this case, the likelihood that such research will be positively assessed by lenders will be higher.

However, if it is exactly how to draw up a business plan yourself from and to, then it is necessary to take into account not only the volume of demand at a particular moment, but also its seasonal fluctuations, elasticity under the influence of the price factor, average prices for a product, the possibility of stimulating demand.

If there are already preliminary options for the sale of products, it would be good to indicate them and draw up their own sales program for each, which will include sales volumes for the period, revenue, tax administration (for example, payment of VAT if the counterparty is not its payer etc.), methods and terms of delivery and payment. Here you can also specify the rules and content of future promotions and discounts, if there are any developments on them.

It will be good to draw up a forecast sales table with calculations of total revenue for each counterparty or for each product. Tables can be simple but informative:

If possible, it is better to give accompanying documentation to the amounts, so that prices and volumes are not taken out of thin air. Also, do not deliberately overestimate the promising indicators, if such documentation is not available - this section should not raise doubts among investors.

Production plan

One of the most important elements of any business plan. It is necessary to understand that this part of the plan applies not only to manufacturing enterprises- the production plan includes the entire process of the organization's functioning.

An exception may be a business in which there is no action at all on the part of the personnel with the products - for example, a wholesale store that simply buys products, stores them in a warehouse, and then sells them.

If we consider the business plan of a restaurant or coffee house, then the production plan includes everything from the purchase of products for cooking and the time of preparation of the dish or drink, to the equipment used, the cost and shelf life of the finished dish, as well as the maintenance process of the existing equipment and mechanisms. ...

This paragraph, depending on the field of activity, should include:

Raw material costs and other production costs.
The cost of purchasing equipment and premises.
Labor costs.
General production and general expenses - rent, utilities, etc.
Overheads.

In addition to costs, this paragraph describes in detail the work processes, the timing of each production cycle and product storage, the useful life of the equipment, the mechanisms of interaction between different departments, the requirements for employees, the planned wages, the schedule for its accrual, and so on.

As a result, you can present a production plan, painted by sub-items, starting with the purchase of raw materials and ending with the payment of wages and the sale of the final product.

Organizational plan

In this section, it is necessary to describe the structure of the company and its management system. This includes organizational structure, staffing table employees, information about the management of the enterprise, founders, organizational and legal form, planned management mechanisms, distribution of responsibility.

(download in PDF).

Also in this section, the process of documenting activities in the process of its organization is considered, with references to the primary regulatory legal acts, according to which the registration and activities of the enterprise will take place. As a rule, this item is signed in order, starting with the lease of premises and ending with the launch of production.

This section of the plan, regardless of the purpose of the document, must be disclosed in as much detail as possible, since it depends on how much the planned expenses and income in the future coincide with the real ones.

This item is the preparation of accounting documentation for the planned costs, as well as the approximate amount of revenue. The best option for presenting this information is tabular, with separate explanations, since the amount of information in financial plan even small business big enough.

It is imperative to remember that the company has fixed costs, independent of the volume of production, such as lease, and variables determined by the volume of output. It is also necessary to take into account the cost of maintenance and repair of units, and all this must be taken into account when calculating the cost of a unit of production. Property, plant and equipment transfer their value to finished products Gradually, therefore, their cost is accounted for in the cost price depending on the useful life in the form of depreciation.

(download).

After calculating the unit cost, as well as the volume of fixed costs for a period of time, the break-even production volume is calculated - that is, the amount of products that must be produced and sold at a given price in order to fully cover the cost and fixed costs. A further increase in the volume of production and sales will mean an increase in profits.

Also in this section it is necessary to present the payback period of the project, which in a simplified form is calculated as the ratio of the initial costs to the monthly net profit. The result will be in months.

Also, this section can include other indicators required depending on the scope of the enterprise. In general, the more detailed information is presented in this section, the better. For example, in the case of opening an online store, you can create a similar table:

Identifying risks

In this paragraph, it is necessary to consider the various risks that are inherent in the industry, region or type of activity, assess their theoretically possible impact on the organization's activities and possible damage, and also describe in detail the ways to counteract them, highlighting those that will be used in certain situations.

If the business plan is for internal use, this section should be made as detailed as possible - it can be very helpful in the future.

When drawing up a document for investors, some implicit risks can be omitted, but in no case should the obvious ones be omitted - this will be noticed and perceived as a flaw or short-sightedness of the founder. In developing this item, the founder will also be helped by the SWOT analysis carried out at the beginning.

Formation of applications

Applications are an indispensable element of a business plan, especially one drawn up for external use. All possible documents confirming the theses expressed by the founder earlier are attached to the plan as attachments.

It is highly desirable to confirm all the numbers, for example, with official statistics, reporting documents from similar companies, letters of guarantee and certificates, and so on.

It is also important to attach to the attachments various agreements concluded with counterparties or other founders, the existing documentation of the company, documents certifying the qualifications and data of the founders and planned management personnel, and in general all possible documents confirming the information and judgments presented in the business plan itself.

Such documents should be referenced in the text of the plan. Too voluminous calculations or schemes can also be taken out here.

Each business plan requires an individual approach, however, there are some general recommendations applicable to most of such documents, according to which you can both draw up a business plan for an individual entrepreneur for internal use, and develop a plan for creditors of an existing one. large enterprise.

Reflect the real situation... If we take into account in the plans greatly overestimated profitability indicators or too low prices for raw materials, as a result, you can get a completely wrong one. financial results which was calculated in the marketing plan.
Write in a competent, understandable language... If a business plan is written confusedly and with an abundance of mistakes, no investor or lender will consider such a document seriously.
Consider the nuances... It is necessary to pay attention to such things as seasonal changes in prices for certain goods and services, climatic conditions affecting production. For example, in different regions, the cost of heating workshop premises, especially large ones, can vary greatly.
Make a business plan succinctly, but without unnecessary volume... The usual length of this document is 20-25 pages, excluding attachments. If it turns out to be much larger, then all documents, volumetric calculations and diagrams are better to be transferred to applications.
Calculate costs as accurately as possible... If the price of a particular product or raw material fluctuates greatly, it is better to take the maximum values, so that in the event of another price fluctuation, there would be no unpleasant surprise in the form of loss of profitability.
Read similar documents... Working on a plan is much easier when you have an example of writing a business plan at hand. To do this, below are examples of business plans in different areas, which can be taken as a basis.

Conclusion

Drawing up a business plan is a rather difficult and time-consuming task. However, a well-written business plan can be considered half of starting your own business. Each industry has its own specifics for the preparation of this document, however, there are some general points that must be taken into account when drawing up a high-quality business plan.

If you find an error, please select a piece of text and press Ctrl + Enter.

I know a lot about business planning. She planned and started 3 family businesses. Made up 4 business plans for receiving grants and one subsidy from the Employment Center. Helped several friends to formulate their ideas, edited dozens of documents for clients, studied hundreds of materials from business applicants applying for a loan.

For two years I worked in a lending institution that finances a business. Beginning and experienced entrepreneurs applied for funds, and we assessed the prospects and payback of the idea, made a business plan or adjusted the client's existing calculations. Information about the applicant was presented at a meeting of the credit committee, where they collectively made a decision to issue the requested amount or to refuse.

To convince all loan officers to vote “for” financing, it was necessary to disassemble all possible risks project and find solutions for any situation, protect the lender's money from all sides, provide options for withdrawal if everything goes according to a negative scenario.

Discussion of business projects at the credit committee was structured as follows:

- And what if he divorces his wife, who will sell in his store, because now she herself is behind the counter?

- Will hire a second salesperson. By the way, the wife acts as a surety for the loan, so she will take on half of the debt in case of divorce.

- What will happen to the debt when the “off-season” for sales comes?

- In the off-season, in the schedule, I propose to reduce monthly payments so that the client "pulls" this amount during a period of declining profits.

- And if his warehouse is robbed?

- The warehouse is guarded, but we still insure inventory - this Insurance Company pays a refund within a couple of weeks without nagging and delays, so the client will quickly recover losses and be able to order a new batch of goods.

Become such a strict commission for your own project and go through all the weak points of the business to find a plan B and C for any development of the situation. Have a discussion and brainstorming session with friends. Better find possible problems and think over their decisions on paper even before opening a company, than then risk and incur extra costs.

Quite everyday situations can turn into a disaster for a micro-business and problems for a large enterprise. Take this into account when planning, so that later suddenly you do not go into negative territory.

My experience will help you draw up a business plan and get financing for it. It can be used when contacting private investors, applying for a bank loan, or to receive a grant for start-up entrepreneurs from the local administration.

Using the example of my new family business - a small blacksmith's workshop - I will show you how to create a business plan to raise funds from the budget.

A business plan is a document that comprehensively describes an idea, project, work and the results of such work. It takes into account everything from the launch schedule and recruitment to different development scenarios and payback periods. The full version of the document lists possible risks and options for their minimization.

What are the differences from the feasibility study?

A feasibility study is a feasibility study for the launch of a project. Calculations in it relate only to the necessary investments, forthcoming costs, expected income, payback period. It calculates the financial benefit from the planned activities. A feasibility study can be drawn up when a separate issue is being resolved, for example, about transferring accounting to.

The business plan, in comparison with the feasibility study, covers a wider range of issues, including the promotion and marketing of the project, organizational arrangements, and risk assessment. The social component of a startup is also considered here. A business plan is a more complex document; it is needed when opening a restaurant or store.

Why do you need a business plan

The business plan shows the seriousness of the entrepreneur's intentions and the depth of his immersion in the topic. He needs this himself in order to understand what awaits in the process, how to avoid problems and get it.

But this document is most important when raising funds. Without a business plan, an investor, loan officer or administration employee will not discuss the possibility of issuing loans or budget funds.

Let's go back to our smithy. My husband and I need a business plan for internal use - in order to understand what startup costs will be needed, how much and what will have to be purchased, what and how to arrange for legal work, what income is possible, what to produce and how to sell.

But another purpose of compiling a BP is to apply for a grant. At the district level, budgetary funds are allocated to support start-up entrepreneurs. It is possible to receive up to 300,000 rubles free of charge upon passing a competitive selection, during which the commission evaluates the business plan and its indicators. To get around and get it, you need to correctly draw up this document and correctly present your project.

Internal - for adoption management decisions... A businessman needs such a document for himself, for partners, for employees.

External - to attract funding and state support, search for an investor. It is compiled to communicate with banks, apply to the district / city administration for a grant or subsidy, negotiate with potential partners.

The tasks that different business plans solve are different. You cannot draw up one document and go with it for a loan, and for budget support, and in search of a private investor.

1. Money from the budget

Tasks of the business plan when attracting budget funds:

Demonstrate your vision of the project, convince the officials distributing funds that you understand the chosen area and understand where to start. They do not care how and what you will do in the course of work, the main thing is that your business will stay afloat for at least 3-5 years. This is how long they track the fate of the recipients of support.
Choose a priority direction of development: do and sell what the market needs, engage in those services that are lacking in the region, meet demand different categories population. This is important, again, to improve statistics in the region, so that the authorities can report that the consumer market is developing.
Confirm social significance project: job creation and employment of the unemployed, youth, disabled people, parents with many children - the more workers a business needs, the better. The number of new jobs is one of the criteria for evaluating a project.
Calculate the budgetary efficiency of the business - the amount of tax and non-tax revenues, including insurance premiums for employees, and the more you plan to pay the government, the higher the likelihood of a grant being awarded. Ideally, these proceeds should recoup the costs of providing you with a grant in a couple of years, and then cover them.

Consider all these points when drawing up a business plan in order to correctly place accents.

All indicators of the business plan and forecasts will be checked after the issuance of budget funds - once a quarter, six months or a year, the commission will go to the site and request financial documentation and reporting from you, check the indicators with the planned ones. If you don't hire employees or start shipping to local stores as promised, you may be forced to refund your money because you defaulted on your contract. Therefore, on paper, do not overestimate the numbers and do not embellish anything, approach planning more realistically.

2. Bank loan

If you decide to apply for money to the bank, then the business plan for a loan will perform other tasks:

Prove understanding of the project by the entrepreneur himself, give a timetable that will help draw up a debt repayment schedule.
Calculate the amount of income and expenses, taking into account the obligatory payments to repay the loan.
List the risks of loan default and suggest possible ways to minimize them - surety, insurance, property pledge.

The lender needs the client to reach the planned income and be able to fulfill their obligations without delays and disruptions, even in an emergency. In the business plan for the bank, it is necessary to focus on this. The number of jobs created or the amount of taxes paid does not bother him, more important is the financial stability of the borrower.

3. Investor funds

For the investor, the financial component of the project is also important, he needs information about the payback period of investments. When investing his money, he must understand how quickly he will get some results - a refund, a part of the profit.

The business plan should immediately provide for options for distributing profits between investors, providing them with a share in the company, and the degree of involvement in the work.

4. Internal resources

A business plan "for yourself" can perform any tasks and contain a wide variety of information about the future or current enterprise. With its help, you can prepare a report for management and shareholders with calculations and arguments in favor of expanding production, opening a new outlet, entering the market of another region, developing a product line.

In such a document, you can delve into the details, paint all the nuances and take into account not only financial questions, but also organizational work, marketing policy, production moments.

There is no universal business plan, you always need to understand why and for whom it is intended and, with this in mind, draw up it.

To receive a grant, the forge's business plan must tell more about what it will give to the district, how the budget will benefit from its opening.
So, be sure to indicate that the nearest smithy is located in another area of the region, 200 km away, so the opening of a new enterprise will provide local residents with affordable products. And it will be suitable for household needs and meet the needs of all categories of the population - hardware tools, interior items, furniture.
It should be emphasized that in the first year the entrepreneur-blacksmith will be employed, and in the second year it is planned to hire another employee as an assistant. This will create 2 jobs.
It is also worth calculating in detail how much insurance premiums a self-employed entrepreneur will pay for himself, and how much for an employee next year.
An employee's salary must necessarily exceed the average salary in the relevant industry in the region. Thus, in the Novgorod region, statistics say that workers in the production sector receive an average of 32,000 rubles. Payments to an employee in the calculations must be indicated not less than this amount.
This will need to be mentioned in the brief description of the project - that part of the business plan that all members of the competition committee will read and carefully study.
If we went to the bank for a loan, we would focus on other details - payback, stable income, profitability, which allows you to repay the requested amount with interest.

The main sections of the business plan

Any business plan should contain a comprehensive description of the project in order not to miss important information. The main sections can be called differently, be combined or divided into additional subsections, but their content must necessarily be in the document.

What sections does the business plan include?

Detailed content of the sections of the business plan

What to write about in the main paragraphs of this document in order to get a complete picture of the development of the company?

Business Description

date of creation, official registration of an individual entrepreneur or legal entity.

Distribution of shares in a company between partners, co-founders, investors.

The experience of a businessman before that - education, experience as an employee. It is not necessary to indicate the entire work history and attach diplomas, unless this directly relates to a new project. So, when a businessman planning to open a cafe has worked for several years as a manager in a public catering, this will be his plus. If he graduated from a university with a degree in the restaurant business, then this is another point in the piggy bank of his experience. And if he has been twisting the nuts in a car service all his life, having learned to be a veterinarian and then suddenly swung at the opening of a bar - information about education and experience will be superfluous.

Place of registration, business area. You need to indicate not only the address, but also the overall coverage of the territory.

Goals and objectives of the project... Here you need to describe the field of activity, and also measurable results - to open 1 cafe with 30 seats, sell 500 kg of baked goods daily, etc.

I will show you how to describe an enterprise in a business plan, using the example of a forge. The section “Project Description” will contain the following information:

The IP registration date is May 2018.
Business - entrepreneur will run independently, without involving partners. The hired employee will be hired in the spring of 2019.
The entrepreneur spent a year doing forging in his home workshop. In the spring of 2018, he rented a room for a forge on the production site, equipped it and continued to work.
At the end of 2017, he completed a three-month course “Hand art forging” at the Academy of Metalworking (St. Petersburg) and received the qualification “blacksmith” (a copy of the education certificate is attached).
The goal of the project is to open a forge on the territory of the N district for the production and sale of forged products to the population.
By 2019, it is planned to produce monthly products worth 250,000 rubles.

Market assessment... You need to estimate the market capacity, population, number potential clients... It is quite difficult to do this without full-fledged marketing research. Therefore, it is worth looking for ready-made results of such an assessment for your region. In extreme cases, you can predict effective demand approximately.

The main thing is to formulate sales tasks for yourself: will you work only within the microdistrict, will you open outlets throughout the city, take the products for sale throughout the district or deliver outside of it.

How exactly you plan to reach your target audience, how you will choose suitable promotion channels, you will describe in detail in the “Marketing plan” section, now just indicate the direction.

Competitors... List your competitors who are already in this market.

Not only direct competitors offering similar goods and services are taken into account, but also those companies that produce replacement products and provide alternative services. If there is no specialized tea boutique in your city, this does not mean that the market is clear of competitors: you will have to fight for customers with those department stores and supermarkets that also sell different types of tea.

There are no other blacksmiths engaged in artistic forging on the territory of the regional center itself and in neighboring districts. Nearest company selling similar products handmade located at a distance of 250 km (in the regional center).
Factory-made hardware and trenching tools - pokers, scrapers, machetes, axes, accessories - are offered in 6 hardware stores in the area, but consumers complain about their poor quality, and monitoring of the goods showed that such goods do not last long. Hand-forged products are more durable, and a local blacksmith can compete with factory suppliers, guaranteeing not only high quality, but also sharpening the tool, repairing it, making it with the right dimensions to order. Wrought iron decorative elements interior and household products - door handles, hooks for gates and hinges for gates, hangers and hooks for clothes - are rarely found in stores, mainly plastic products are sold. Forged garden furniture - benches, gazebos, lamps, tables - are not sold in the area.
These products are in steady demand among the local population. Products of hand-made art forging are bought not only by villagers for their village houses, but also by summer residents, owners of tourist centers and country cafes.
The smithy will supply goods to the market of the N district, conclude contracts with stores for the supply of products for sale, participate in craft fairs in St. Petersburg and Moscow.

Production plan

Business processes... Write a list of equipment, tools, raw materials and materials that are required to create the selected range of goods and services. Calculate the optimal production volumes for your equipment. Indicate which employees and with which workload you will need.

Products... List the products, services and works that you will offer to clients. Calculations of the costs of organizing business processes will allow you to find out the cost price and draw up a price list.

Initial attachments... Calculate how much money will be needed to launch the project. Add up the cost of all assets, fixed assets, repairs, materials and other costs that will be required to start production.

For example, this section might look like this:

For the work of the forge, it is necessary to equip the room with ventilation, a forge, an anvil with a hammer, a vice, a table for cutting metal, a spray booth for processing finished products with heat-resistant paint, anti-rust and other coatings. All this has already been done by the entrepreneur himself.
The following equipment and tools will increase the efficiency and productivity of the following equipment and tools: a grinder for sharpening blades (40,000 rubles), a grinder for cutting metal (5,000 rubles), a grinder for processing forged products (10,000 rubles), a welding machine (20,000 rubles .), a mechanical hammer (from 150,000 rubles). The total cost of equipping the forge is 225,000 rubles.
In the manufacture of products, metal is used - a profile, sheet metal, reinforcement, wire. Raw materials are purchased in small wholesale at a metal warehouse in a neighboring area, delivery is carried out by the supplier's transport. The cost of a batch of raw materials and materials including delivery is 10,000 rubles. In a month, taking into account the load and the volume of work, there can be 2-4 parties.
Forging requires coal and gas in cylinders. The combined furnace allows you to process metal by heating it with coal or gas. The average monthly consumption of these types of fuel is 1,500 rubles and 2,000 rubles, respectively.
Supply and exhaust ventilation, electric. It is used to maintain the required temperature in the furnace and remove combustion products from the room. Electricity consumption is recorded on a separate meter in the smithy and reaches the amount of 2,500 rubles per month.
During the first 9-10 months, the blacksmith will work alone, then it will be necessary to hire a worker as an assistant.
The smithy is located on the territory of the carpentry shop, so there will be no problems with the manufacture of mixed products - from wood with forged elements.
Product list: benches, tables, bar stools, flower stands, fireplace sets (poker, scoop, stand for them), floor and wall hangers, coat hooks, latches and hinges for gates and gates, door handles and cabinet handles, lamps , coasters for the kitchen for hot or for cutting boards, sickles, machetes, scrapers, knives.
The forge is already in operation, but not fully operational. The grant funds are required for the purchase of additional equipment. Replenishment current assets These operating expenses will be paid at their own expense.

Organizational plan

Organizational and legal form... Is an individual entrepreneur or LLC suitable for the implementation of the selected project, or some other form of organization. What is the reason for the choice. What taxation system is chosen, why is it suitable.

Distribution of roles of founders... If there are multiple partners, their role in the management and operation of the company is described. What will they do, what will they be responsible for.

Staff... What kind of employees will be needed, who needs to be hired in the staff, whom to hire temporarily, what functions can be outsourced or performed independently.

Settlements with counterparties... how it is planned to receive money from customers, whether it is necessary to open, buy an online cash register, or are there options to carry out settlements in some other way.

Calendar plan the project... What should be done and when, what issues should be resolved immediately, what - later. It is advisable to calculate the cost of each stage in order to clearly show when and to what extent funding is required.

For a forge, a self-employed blacksmith needs to be an individual entrepreneur. This simplifies accounting and reporting. The entrepreneur himself conducts the bookkeeping using the appropriate online services provided by the bank.
For settlements with customers and suppliers, a current account is used, a cash register will also be purchased, although it is possible to sell goods at fairs without it. When purchasing a cash register, a special deduction will be used.
After hiring an employee, it will be necessary to register with extra-budgetary funds as an employer; before that, it is enough to regularly pay insurance premiums to extra-budgetary funds.
Activities are already underway. Upon receipt of the grant, equipment will be purchased, which will increase production volumes.
When budget funds are issued in July, within a month everything will be purchased and installed. necessary equipment according to the list (by 225,000 rubles), already from August the productivity of the forge will increase several times. The hiring of an employee is planned in the spring of next year - in March-April, before that the blacksmith will work independently.

This section is devoted to the channels and methods of promotion, the necessary actions to increase sales, and the cost of advertising.

Promotion channels... Advertisements in newspapers, videos on radio and TV, online advertising, creation of your own website and groups in social networks, advertising in local publics and forums, participation in exhibitions and fairs.

The target audience ... Who should be guided by when organizing sales. Who is your client - by age, gender, occupation, income level. Where to find him and how to contact him.

Promotion cost... How much will it cost to search and attract target audience? How often you will have to launch ads, what options it is advisable to choose.

In our example business plan, this section will look like this:

Financial performance

It is necessary to calculate the cost of production, the planned sales volumes, necessary costs, projected income and profit, project profitability. If there are many and different products, it is not necessary to include all the calculations in the business plan, they can be taken out in a separate application, and all indicators can be calculated based on the average cost price. You need to show your own contribution to the project, the need for borrowed funds. If you need to repay the loan - an approximate repayment schedule. When paying to the investor, the calculation of his share of the profit.

Risk assessment

External factors ... Emergencies and natural disasters, negative impact local authorities, a new competitor, changes in the economic situation and falling incomes of the population.

Internal factors... Incorrect market assessment, delays in deliveries, personnel problems, production errors, problems with renting premises, industrial accidents.

Risk minimization options... Life, health, property, third party liability insurance. The opportunity to reduce prices, change the assortment, switch to another product, change the circle of potential customers, expand the sales market and find new buyers outside the region, region or country. Agreements with partners and contractors, good personal relations with the authorities, a large number of skilled workers in the market who are looking for work, etc.

Something like this will look like the elaboration of some of the risks for the forge:

At first, the income of the forge will completely depend on the entrepreneur himself. Health problems or injuries will negatively impact workload and bottom line. Emergencies in production can be prevented by observing safety precautions. Then it is planned to hire an employee who will take off the increased workload from the blacksmith himself.
Fire, accidents, equipment breakdowns, natural disasters - damage from these accidents will be covered by property insurance, which will be issued for the rented premises, equipment and tools in the smithy at their market value. The smithy has already passed the fire check, and there were representatives of the energy company, they checked the electrical wiring, the hood on the forge, ventilation and fire alarms. There were some comments, but all the shortcomings were immediately eliminated. The room itself with a separate entrance is located in a brick building and meets the general requirements for industrial safety.
If you have problems with renting, you can quickly move the forge to another place - there are enough suitable empty production areas in the area, the equipment is easily dismantled and can be installed in another place within 1-2 days.
With low demand for products and low trade turnover, the sales market will be expanded, agreements have been obtained for the supply of products for sale to hardware stores in other districts of the region, the most popular goods have been selected, and the assortment policy has been revised. At the same time, you will not have to change equipment or rebuild the work - it is enough to purchase other raw materials and materials for the production of other products, for example, forged fences, grilles for windows, gates and gates, entrance groups and canopies over the porch.
If another competitor appears on the market, the entrepreneur will choose the most profitable niche and will produce products that the new market participant will not have, or change the sales strategy and supply finished products to other markets.

Project summary

This section contains the most important things: the essence of the project, necessary investments, results after launch, development prospects, possible risks and ways to reduce them. The rest of the sections with details will be read only if the summary of the business plan is of interest to an investor, lender, or official. Therefore, remember again what the goal of your project is and indicate the important indicators that meet this goal. Repeat what you will produce, how much income you plan to receive, what expenses will be required, how much money you invest on your own, and how much you need to attract.

Typical mistakes when drawing up a business plan

Very optimistic. Lack of market knowledge. Lack of adequate risk assessment.
Copying someone else's calculations. Using data without reference to reality and to the specifics of the business.
Without taking into account the purpose and the addressee. Lack of important indicators. A lot of unnecessary information and "water".
Poor design, illiterate presentation of information, carelessness in calculations. Confusing presentation and lack of clear structure.

How to get money for a business plan

Study of the design requirements

When contacting a bank or municipal government to raise funding, ask for the application rules. This is often a simple and straightforward list. required documents, as well as a list of requirements for the content and design of a business plan. Sometimes even a template for this document is given with the sections and subsections already indicated. where you just have to enter your information. There are also wishes for its volume, a list of questions for analyzing the project, a list of important indicators that you must calculate.

Business plan protection

In some cases, it is necessary not only to draw up this document, but also to protect it before the commission. The bank's employees will make a decision on granting a loan. Officials will assess your level of knowledge in order to rate you in the competitive selection process for a grant. The investor will get acquainted with your plans and decide whether he needs to participate in this.

With such protection, it is enough to retell the “Project Summary” section and speak the main business indicators out loud, answer the questions of the commission members in order to convince them of your readiness and ability to use the funds raised in accordance with the plan.

Download ready-made business plans

Above, we have provided you with key points that you should rely on when drawing up a competent business plan, however, depending on where you need to submit a business plan, the requirements for its design and content change. Below you will find examples (samples) ready-made business plans(40 pcs.), Which you can download absolutely free.

Use them to create your business plan, model the most interesting and convincing places, see what numbers and calculations are used, market research, competitor analysis, and also try to calculate your own project. Also below you will find additional supporting documents on business planning from the Industrial Development Fund, Ministry of Investment and Innovation.

INSTRUCTIONS For ease of search, all business plans are sorted alphabetically. Click on the desired letter and a list of finished projects will open in front of you.